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British royal house of German origin. It was descended from George Louis, elector of Hanover, who succeeded to the British crown as George I in 1714. The dynasty also provided the monarchs George II, George III, George IV, William IV, and Victoria. By the Act of Settlement (1701) the crown was to go to Anne (of the house of Stuart) and then, if she lacked issue, to Sophia (1665 – 1714), electress of Hanover (granddaughter of James I) and her descendants. The house of Hanover was succeeded in 1901 by the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, renamed in 1917 the house of Windsor.

For more information on house of Hanover, visit Britannica.com.

 
 
Columbia Encyclopedia: house of Hanover,
ruling dynasty of Hanover (see Hanover, province), which was descended from the Guelphs and which in 1714 acceded to the British throne in the person of George I. George was the grandson of James I's daughter Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, and the son of Sophia, electress of Hanover, and his succession to the throne was based on the Act of Settlement (1701). His successors were George II, George III, George IV, and William IV. The Salic law barred women from the succession in Hanover, and when William IV's niece, Victoria, succeeded (1837) to the British throne, the crowns of Hanover and Great Britain were separated. Victoria married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, so her descendants belonged to the house of Wettin. Ernest Augustus, son of George III, became (1837) king of Hanover and was succeeded by George V, who lost the crown in 1866.

Bibliography

See A. Redman, The House of Hanover (1960, repr. 1968).


 
Dictionary: Han·o·ver1  (hăn'ō'vər) pronunciation

British ruling family (1714–1901). When Victoria ascended the throne in 1837, the crowns of Hanover and Great Britain were separated.


 
Wikipedia: House of Hanover
House of Hanover
Hanover and Great Britain
Kgr_hannover_wappen.jpg
Country: Hanover
Parent House: House of Welf, cadet branch of the House of Este
Titles: Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Elector of Hanover, King of Hanover, King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick
Founder: George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Final Ruler: George V of Hanover
Current Head: Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover, titular King of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick
Founding Year: 1635
Dissolution: 1866
Ethnicity: German

The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain in 1714. They are sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Hanover line. The House of Hanover is a younger branch of the House of Welf, which in turn is a branch of the House of Este.

History

George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, is considered the first member of the House of Hanover. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the principalities of Calenberg and Göttingen, and in 1636 he moved his residence to Hanover. His son, Duke Ernest Augustus, was elevated to prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Ernest Augustus's wife, Sophia of the Palatinate, was declared heiress of the throne of Great Britain (then England and Scotland) by the Act of Settlement of 1701, which decreed Roman Catholics could not accede to the throne. Sophia was at that time the nearest Protestant relative to King William III. William himself was actually of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau, but both his wife and mother were Stuart princesses.

Hanovererian kings of Great Britain and the United Kingdom

British Royalty
House of Hanover
George I
   George II
   Sophia, Queen in Prussia
George II
   Frederick, Prince of Wales
   Anne, Princess of Orange
   Princess Amelia Sophia
   Princess Caroline Elizabeth
   William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland
   Mary, Landgravine of Hesse-Cassel
   Louise, Queen of Denmark
Grandchildren
   Augusta Charlotte, Duchess of Brunswick
   George III
   Edward Augustus, Duke of York
   Princess Elizabeth Caroline
   William Henry, Duke of Gloucester
   Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland
   Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark
Great-grandchildren
   Princess Sophia of Gloucester
   William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester
George III
   George IV
   Frederick, Duke of York
   William IV
   Charlotte, Queen of Württemberg
   Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent
   Princess Augusta Sophia
   Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
   Ernest Augustus I of Hanover
   Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
   Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
   Mary, Duchess of Gloucester
   Princess Sophia
   Princess Amelia
Grandchildren
   Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield
   Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
   Victoria
   George V, King of Hanover
   George, Duke of Cambridge
   Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
   Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck
George IV
   Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield
William IV
   Princess Charlotte of Clarence
   Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
Victoria

Their son, George I — who would otherwise have been the 52nd in line to the throne of Great Britain — became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover. [1]

The dynasty provided six British monarchs:

Of the Kingdom of Great Britain:

Of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland:

George I, George II, and George III also served as electors and dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, informally called electors of Hanover (see an account of that personal union). Beginning in 1814, when Hanover was made into a kingdom, the British monarch served jointly as king of Hanover.

The thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover diverged in 1837 as the throne of Hanover, unlike that of the UK, was under the Salic law, and so did not pass to Queen Victoria but instead passed to her uncle, the Duke of Cumberland. [3] When Victoria died in 1901, the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ascended to the UK throne as her son and heir, Edward VII, as son of her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, genealogically belonged to that House - whereby it was asserted that the name of the UK Royal House changed because the surname of his father was Edward VII's surname too. [4]

Kings of Hanover after the break up of the personal union

After the death of William IV in 1837, the following kings of Hanover continued the dynasty:

The Kingdom of Hanover came to an end in 1866 when it was annexed by Prussia.

Duchy of Brunswick

In 1884, the senior branch of the House of Welf became extinct. By House Law, the House of Hanover would have acceded to the Duchy of Brunswick, but there had been strong Prussian pressure against having George V of Hanover or his son, the Duke of Cumberland, succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions, including swearing to the German constitution. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death, and if necessary appoint a regent.

The Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick at the Duke's death, and lengthy negotiations ensued, but were never resolved. Prince Albert of Prussia was appointed regent; after his death in 1906, Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg succeeded him. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son died of a car accident in 1912; the father renounced Brunswick in favor of his youngest son, who married the Kaiser's daughter, swore allegiance to the German Empire, and was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. He was a major-general during the First World War; but he was overthrown as Duke of Brunswick in 1918. His father was also deprived of his British titles in 1919, for "bearing arms against Great Britain".

Claimants

The later heads of the House of Hanover have been:

see Line of succession to the Hanoverian Throne

The family has been resident in Austria since 1866; it has held titles of only courtesy since 1919.

Trivia

The streets of Brisbane's Central Business District are named after members of the House of Hanover. Streets running parallel with Queen Street are named for female members, with streets running perpendicular named after male members.

Hanover Square in downtown New York City is also named for the family, as is the province of New Brunswick in Canada, and several other towns in the eastern United States and Canada.

The city of Adelaide in Australia is named after Adelaide, the queen consort of William IV, thus after a member of the House of Guelph.

Notes

  1. ^ Picknett, Lynn, Prince, Clive, Prior, Stephen & Brydon, Robert (2002). War of the Windsors: A Century of Unconstitutional Monarchy, p. 13. Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1-84018-631-3.
  2. ^ The Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland merged in 1801 forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
  3. ^ Picknett, Prince, Prior & Brydon, pp. 13, 14.
  4. ^ Picknett, Prince, Prior & Brydon, p. 14.

Further reading

  • Fraser, Flora. Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III. Knopf, 2005.
  • Plumb, J. H. The First Four Georges. Revised ed. Hamlyn, 1974.
  • Redman, Alvin. The House of Hanover. Coward-McCann, 1960.
  • Van der Kiste, John. George III’s Children. Sutton Publishing, 1992.

See also

External links


House of Hanover
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Preceded by
New Creation
Ruling House of the Electorate of Hanover
1692 – 1803
Electorate Abolished
Hanover occupied by France
Preceded by
Electorate of Hanover
Ruling House of the Kingdom of Hanover
1814 – 1866
Kingdom Abolished
Annexed by Prussia
Preceded by
House of Stuart
Ruling House of the Kingdom of Great Britain
1714 – 1800
Succeeded by
United Kingdom
See Act of Union 1800
Preceded by
Kingdom of Great Britain
Ruling House of the United Kingdom
1801 – 1901
Succeeded by
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

 
Translations: Translations for: Hanover

Dansk (Danish)
n. - Hanover

Deutsch (German)
n. - Hannover

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮הנובר‬


 
 

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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/  Read more
Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "House of Hanover" Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

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