| Howard University |
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| Howard University seal |
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| Motto: |
Veritas et Utilitas |
| Motto in English: |
Truth and Service |
| Established: |
March 2, 1867 (1867-03-02) |
| Type: |
Private, HBCU |
| Endowment: |
US$524.1 million [1] |
| Chairman: |
Addison Barry Rand |
| President: |
Sidney A. Ribeau, Ph.D. |
| Faculty: |
3,933 |
| Students: |
11,200 |
| Location: |
Washington, D.C.,
United States |
| Campus: |
Urban; 258 acres (1.0 km²) |
| Former names: |
Howard Normal and Theological School for the Education of Teachers and Preachers |
| Associations: |
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools |
| Sports: |
basketball, swimming, volleyball, tennis, soccer, football |
| Colors: |
Red, White, and Blue
|
| Nickname: |
Bison |
| Athletics: |
NCAA Division I |
| Website: |
www.howard.edu |
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|
Howard University is a private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university located in Washington, D.C., United States.
History
Main Hall and Miner Hall in 1868. Miner Hall is located to the left.
Howard was established by a charter in 1867, and much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction, and tuition. An annual congressional appropriation administered by the Secretary of the Interior funded the school.[citation needed] It was named for founder Oliver Otis Howard who was commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau and who later served as a president of the school.[2] Today, it is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund[3] and is partially funded by the US Government, which gives approximately $235 million annually.[4][5] From its outset, it was nonsectarian and open to people of both sexes and all races.[6] Howard has graduate schools of pharmacy, law, medicine, dentistry and divinity, in addition to the undergraduate program. The current enrollment is approximately 11,000, including 7,000 undergraduates. The university's football homecoming activities serve as one of the premier annual events in Washington. [7]
Howard University has played an important role in American history and the Civil Rights Movement on a number of occasions. Alain Locke, Chair of the Department of Philosophy and first African American Rhodes Scholar, authored The New Negro, which helped to usher in the Harlem Renaissance.[8] Ralph Bunche, the first Nobel Peace Prize winner of African descent, served as chair of the Department of Political Science.[9] Stokely Carmichael, also known as Kwame Toure, a student in the Department of Philosophy and the Howard University School of Divinity coined the term "Black Power" and worked in Lowndes County, Alabama as a voting rights activist.[10] Historian Rayford Logan served as chair of the Department of History.[11] E. Franklin Frazier served as chair of the Department of Sociology.[12] Sterling Allen Brown served as chair of the Department of English.
Young Lincoln University graduate Thurgood Marshall wanted to apply to his hometown law school, the University of Maryland School of Law, but was told that he would not be accepted due to the school's segregation policy. Marshall enrolled at Howard University School of Law instead. There he studied under Charles Hamilton Houston, a Harvard Law School graduate and leading civil rights lawyer who at the time was the dean of Howard's law school. Houston took Marshall under his wing, and the two forged a friendship that would last for the remainder of Houston's life. Howard University was the site where Marshall and his team of legal scholars from around the nation prepared to argue the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case.[13]
In 1918, all the secondary schools of the university were abolished and the whole plan of undergraduate work changed. The four-year college course was divided into two periods of two years each, the Junior College, and the Senior Schools. The semester system was abolished in 1919 and the quarter system substituted. Twenty-three new members were added to the faculty between the reorganization of 1918 and 1923. A dining hall building with class rooms for the department of home economics was built in 1921 at a cost of $301,000. A greenhouse was erected in 1919.[citation needed] Howard Hall was renovated and made a dormitory for girls; many improvements were made on campus; J. Stanley Durkee, Howard's last white president, was appointed in 1918. [14]
In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson delivered a speech to the graduating class at Howard, where he outlined his plans for civil rights legislation and endorsed aggressive affirmative action to combat the effects of years of segregation of blacks from the nation's economic opportunities.[15]
In 1989, Howard gained national attention when students rose up in protest against the appointment of then-Republican National Committee Chairman Lee Atwater as a new member of the university's Board of Trustees. Student activists disrupted Howard's 122nd anniversary celebrations, and eventually occupied the university's Administration building.[16] Within days, both Atwater and Howard's President, James E. Cheek, resigned.
In April 2007 the head of the faculty senate called for the ouster of Howard University President H. Patrick Swygert, saying that the school was in a state of crisis and it was time to end “an intolerable condition of incompetence and dysfunction at the highest level.” This came on the heels of several criticisms of Howard University and its management.
On May 7, 2008 Howard announced the appointment of Sidney Ribeau of Bowling Green State University to its presidency.[17]
Campus
Major improvements, additions, and changes occurred at the school in the aftermath of World War I. New buildings were built under the direction of architect Albert Cassell.[18]
Academics
Schools and colleges
Research Centers
Moorland-Spingarn Research Center
The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (MSRC) is recognized as one of the world's largest and most comprehensive repositories for the documentation of the history and culture of people of African descent in Africa, the Americas, and other parts of the world. As one of the university's major research facilities, the MSRC collects, preserves, and makes available for research a wide range of resources chronicling black experiences.[19]
Student activities
Mock Trial
Howard University also has a National Winning Mock Trial team.
Publications
Howard University is the publisher of The Journal of Negro Education which began publication in 1932.
Greek letter organizations
| A number of student organizations were founded at Howard University, including:
|
Howard University is a home to all nine National Pan-Hellenic Council organizations. Other Greek letter organizations registered on campus include Alpha Kappa Psi, Phi Sigma Pi, Alpha Phi Omega, Alpha Nu Omega, Gamma Iota Sigma, Phi Mu Alpha, Sigma Alpha Iota, Delta Sigma Pi, Gamma Sigma Sigma, Kappa Kappa Psi, and Tau Beta Sigma.
Howard is considered to be a historic site for several National Pan-Hellenic Council organizations. The Beta Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha was the first to appear in 1907 and establish itself amongst the male students of Howard University. The Alpha Chapters of Alpha Kappa Alpha (1908), Delta Sigma Theta (1913), Omega Psi Phi (1911), Phi Beta Sigma (1914), and Zeta Phi Beta (1920) were established on the Howard campus.[20] Also in 1920, the Xi Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi appeared on the campus, followed by the Alpha Phi Chapter of Sigma Gamma Rho in 1939, and the Alpha Tau Chapter of Iota Phi Theta in 1983.
Athletics
Athletic teams compete in the NCAA as a part of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. The teams play under the name Howard Bison and use a similar logo to that of the Buffalo Bills professional football team.
Alumni
Howard University has conferred over 99,318 degrees and certificates in its 140-year history. Notable alumni include economist Thomas Sowell, Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison, actor Ossie Davis, Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall (from the School of Law), United States Senators Edward Brooke and Roland Burris (the latter from the School of Law), Claude Brown, Stokeley Carmichael, Tracie Thoms, Sean Combs, Roberta Flack, Lance Gross, Shaka Hislop, Phylicia Rashad, Richard Smallwood, Marion Mann and many other educators, politicians, diplomats, writers, prominent international figures, and corporate executives. The 1990s R&B group Shai was formed on the campus of Howard University. Their hit song "If I Ever Fall In Love" was recorded there as well. The Hollywood Reporter reported that when Howard alumna Debbie Allen became the producer-director of the popular television series A Different World, she "drew from her college experiences in an effort to accurately reflect in the show the social and political life on black campuses."
References
External links
Coordinates: 38°55′18″N 77°01′12″W / 38.92167°N 77.02°W / 38.92167; -77.02
