Vladimir Lenin ordered a detail of the Cheka, Lenin's secret
police, under Commandant Yakov Yurovsky murder Tsar Nicholas II and
his entire family in the early morning hours of July 17, 1918. This
was done during the Russian Civil War in order to stamp out any
hope of restoring the Tsar to the throne that the forces opposing
the Bolshevik takeover of the government had.
One can find a short first hand account of the incident written
by one of the soldiers, Pavel Medvedev, in the book "Eyewitness to
History'" (copyright 1987 John Carey, published by Faber and Faber
Unlimited in 1987) edited by John Carey.
I assume this question refers to Tsar Nicholas II, although
several czars had been assassinated throughout history (Peter the
III and Alexander II come to mind)
For example, Tsar Peter III was assassinated by a conspiracy of
people who wanted the weak Tsar deposed so that the future
Catherine the Great could assume power.