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This article contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese characters. |
| Hsinbyushin Burmese: ဆင်ဖြူရှင် |
|
| Monarch | |
|---|---|
| Reign | 28 November 1763 - 10 June 1776 |
| Coronation | 16 May 1764 |
| Full name | Sri Suriyadharma Maha Dharmaraja Rajadhipati |
| Titles | Prince Myedu |
| Born | 12 September 1736 |
| Birthplace | Moksobo |
| Died | 10 June 1776 (aged 39) |
| Place of death | Ava |
| Buried | Ava |
| Predecessor | Naungdawgyi |
| Successor | Singu |
| Consort | Me Hla, Sri Atulya Maha Ratna Padma Devi |
| Wives | Sri Suriya Nanda Maha Mangala Devi Sri Nanda Prabha Devi Sri Maha Chandra Ratna Devi Sri Maha Ratna Devi |
| Royal House | Konbaung |
| Dynasty | Konbaung Dynasty |
| Father | Alaungpaya |
| Mother | Me Yun San |
Hsinbyushin (Burmese: ဆင်ဖြူရှင်,Thai: มังระ; 1736 – June 10, 1776; literally "Lord of the White Elephant") was the third king of the Konbaung Dynasty (in what is now Myanmar). He was a son of Alaungpaya (r. 1752-1760) and succeeded his brother Naungdawgyi (r. 1760-1763). Hsinbyushin fathered 18 sons and 23 daughters. His more formal name is Sri Suriyadharma Maha Dharmaraja Rajadhipati Mang Ra Hsinbyushin.[1]
Hsinbyushin is best known for his invasion of the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya. In 1764, he went eastward, claiming the cities of Chiang Mai and Vientiane. The Ayutthaya capital fell again into Burmese hands on April 1767, when he sent thousands of prisoners back to Burma. The wanton destruction wrought by the invading Burmese army this time moved one Thai chronicler to comment that "the king of Hanthawaddy (Bayinnaung) waged war like a monarch, but the king of Ava (Hsinbyushin) like a robber".[2] This conquest began the tradition of absorbing Thai elements into Burmese culture, which is most pronounced in music and literature. However, Burmese reign of Ayutthaya was brief; Paya Taksin, an Ayutthaya general, drove out the Burmese who had another battlefront in the north against an invading Chinese army of the Qing Dynasty. The Burmese were struggling with two wars, one invasive and another defensive, and could not control Ayutthaya for long.[3]
Nevertheless, the Burmese army's defensive campaign successfully penetrated southern China if only to be stopped by a peace parley offered by their Chinese counterparts. After waging four unsuccessful wars against the Konbaung Dynasty (1765 - 1769) and losing three of his Viceroys including his son-in-law Ming Jui in the process, the Qianlong Emperor eventually established diplomatic relations with the Burmese. In 1770, a treaty was negotiated between the generals of the two countries, establishing formal trade and diplomatic missions.[2] The negotiations were conducted by the Burmese commanders but the terms of the treaty were not referred to Hsinbyushin for royal sanction. King Hsinbyushin was furious at his generals who signed the Treaty of Kaungton. In order to appease his anger, the Burmese generals invaded the Indian kingdom of Manipur, an action seen as a threat by the British. [2]
The French officer Pierre de Milard was the Captain of the Guard and a key counsellor to Hsinbyushin.[4] In 1769, Hsinbyushin also negotiated a treaty with the ambassador of the French East India Company, M. Feraud, allowing the French to have an establishment in Rangoon.[5]
Hsinbyushin died after a long illness in Ava on 10 July 1776 and was succeeded by his son Singu Min.[6] The Kingdom of Ava, as it was known at the time, continued to politically dominate the Shan States, Laos, and the Lanna Kingdom.
See also
References
- ^ Buyers, Christopher. The Konbaung Dynasty.
- ^ a b c D. G. E. Hall (1960). Burma. London: Hutchinson University Library. pp. 87, 89, 90. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/Burma/bur_history.pdf.
- ^ Terwiel, B. J. (2005). Thailand's political history: from the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 to recent times. River Books. ISBN 978-9749863084
- ^ Findlay Ronald; O'Rouke, Kevin H. (2007). Power and plenty: trade, war, and the world economy in the second millennium. Princeton University Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0691118543
- ^ Koenig, William J. (1990). The Burmese polity, 1752-1819: politics, administration, and social organization in the early Kon-baung period. Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, the University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0891480563
- ^ Seekins, Donald M. (2006). Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar). Scarecrow Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0810854765
External links
- The Royal Ark:Burma - Konbaung Dynasty Christopher Buyers
- Ayutthaya and the End of History: Thai Views of Burma Revisted Min Zin, The Irrawaddy, August 2000
| Preceded by Naungdawgyi |
King of Burma 1763-1776 |
Succeeded by Singu Min |
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