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HTML5

 
Computer Desktop Encyclopedia: HTML 5
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(HTML Version 5) The next-generation of HTML from the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG). It is being developed to standardize HTML as a Web application platform.

HTML 5 consolidates and formalizes existing coding methods; for example, certain layout tags are no longer permitted in the body of a page, requiring them to be defined in a CSS style sheet. However, the major features of HTML 5 are the new programming interfaces (APIs), including 2D graphics rendering (canvas element), document editing, drag and drop, browser history management, video playback and local file storage.

HTML 5 and XHTML 5

To ensure compatibility, both HTML 5 and XHTML 5 are being developed in parallel. With the first draft of HTML 5 released from the W3C in early 2008, parts of HTML 5 are expected in browsers long before the final standard is released. See HTML and canvas element.

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Wikipedia: HTML5
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HTML5
(Hypertext Markup Language)
Filename extension HTML: .html, .htm
XHTML: .xhtml, .xht, .xml
Internet media type HTML: text/html
XHTML: application/xhtml+xml, application/xml
Type code TEXT
Uniform Type Identifier public.html
Developed by W3C HTML WG, WHATWG
Type of format Markup language
Standard(s)

HTML5 is the next major revision of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), the core markup language of the World Wide Web. The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) started work on the specification in June 2004 under the name Web Applications 1.0.[1] As of October 2009, the specification is in the "Last Call" state at the WHATWG.[2]

HTML5 is the proposed next standard for HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 and DOM Level 2 HTML.

HTML5 aims to reduce the use of proprietary plug-in-based rich Internet application (RIA) technologies such as Adobe Flash, Microsoft Silverlight, and Sun JavaFX, though it would take many years to do so.[3]

The ideas behind HTML5, originally referred to as Web Applications 1.0, were pioneered in 2004 by the WHATWG; HTML5 incorporates Web Forms 2.0, another WHATWG specification. The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the W3C in 2007. This working group published the First Public Working Draft of the specification on January 22, 2008.[4] The specification is an ongoing work, and is expected to remain so for many years, although parts of HTML5 are going to be finished and implemented in browsers before the whole specification reaches final Recommendation status.[5] The editors are Ian Hickson of Google, Inc. and David Hyatt of Apple, Inc.[4]

Contents

New markup

HTML
HTML5.svg
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HTML5 provides a number of new elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on modern Web sites. Some of them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block (<div>) and inline (<span>) elements, for example <nav> (website navigation block) and <footer>. Other elements provide new functionality through a standardized interface, such as the <audio> and <video> elements.[6]

Some deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been dropped, including purely presentational elements such as <font> and <center>, whose effects are achieved using CSS. There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of DOM scripting in Web behavior.

The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML despite its markup being very similar. It has, however, been designed to be backward compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML. It comes with a new introductory line which looks like an SGML document type declaration, <!DOCTYPE html>, which enables standards-compliant rendering in all browsers that use "DOCTYPE sniffing".

New APIs

In addition to specifying markup, HTML5 specifies scripting application programming interfaces (APIs).[7] Existing document object model (DOM) interfaces are extended and de facto features documented. There are also new APIs, such as:

Some of the new features are part of HTML5 mainly because there are no volunteers to split HTML5 and maintain separate specifications of these features.[8]

Differences from HTML 4.01/XHTML 1.x

The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples.

  • New parsing rules oriented towards flexible parsing and compatibility; not based on SGML
  • Ability to use inline SVG and MathML in text/html
  • New elements – section, article, footer, audio, video, progress, nav, meter, time, aside, canvas
  • New types of form controls – dates and times, email, url, search
  • New attributes – ping (on a and area), charset (on meta), async (on script)
  • Global attributes (that can be applied for every element) – id, tabindex, hidden, data-* (custom data attributes)
  • Deprecated elements dropped – center, font, strike, frameset

Error handling

An HTML5 (text/html) browser will be flexible in handling incorrect syntax. HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs. In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing, with the intent that different compliant browsers will produce the same result in the case of incorrect syntax.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2004-June/000005.html
  2. ^ http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-October/023849.html
  3. ^ Krill, Paul (2009-06-16). "HTML 5: Could it kill Flash and Silverlight?". InfoWorld. Computerworld. http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=development&articleId=9134422&taxonomyId=11&intsrc=kc_feat. Retrieved 2009-06-30. 
  4. ^ a b "HTML 5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML.". W3C. http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/. Retrieved 2009-01-28. 
  5. ^ "When will HTML5 be finished?". WHATWG. WHATWG Wiki. http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ#When_will_HTML5_be_finished.3F. Retrieved 2009-09-10. 
  6. ^ IBM Developer Works New elements in HTML5: Structure and semantics
  7. ^ HTML5 differences from HTML4 – APIs W3C
  8. ^ Hickson, Ian (2008-10-27). "HTML5 Specification – List of sections and corresponding work estimates". public-html@w3.org mailing list. http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2008Oct/0127.html. Retrieved 2008-12-10. 
  9. ^ "FAQ – WHATWG Wiki". WHATWG. http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ. Retrieved 2008-02-25. 

External links

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Notes
Working Drafts
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Guidelines
Deprecated
C-HTML · HDML · JSSS · PGML · VML
W3C Device Description Working Group

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