by means of the human leukocyte antigen

a substance that is located on the surface of white blood cells. This substance plays an important role in the body's immune response.

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The human leukocyte antigen test, also known as HLA, is a test that detects antigens (genetic markers) on white blood cells. There are four types of human leukocyte antigens: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-D.

MHC (major histocompatability complex) is the term for the molecules in all vertebrates. HLA (human leukocyte antigen) is the specific term for that class of molecules in humans.