(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins, nucleic acids, starch, fats, phosphate esters, and other macromolecular substances.
Hydrolase
| Sci-Tech Dictionary: hydrolase |
(′hī·drə′lās)
| 5min Related Video: Hydrolase |
| Medical Dictionary: hy·dro·lase |
(hī'drə-lās', -lāz')
n.
n.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a substrate through the addition of water.
| Veterinary Dictionary: hydrolase |
One of the six main classes of enzymes, comprising those that catalyze the hydrolysis of a compound.
| Wikipedia: Hydrolase |
In biochemistry, a hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase:
- A–B + H2O → A–OH + B–H
Nomenclature
Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as "substrate hydrolase." However, common names are typically in the form "substratease." For example, a nuclease is a hydrolase that cleaves nucleic acids.
Classification
Hydrolases are classified as EC 3 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon:
- EC 3.1: ester bonds (esterases: nucleases, phosphodiesterases, lipase, phosphatase)
- EC 3.2: sugars (glycosylases/DNA glycosylases, glycoside hydrolase)
- EC 3.3: ether bonds
- EC 3.4: peptide bonds (Proteases/peptidases)
- EC 3.5: carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
- EC 3.6 acid anhydrides (acid anhydride hydrolases, including helicases and GTPase)
- EC 3.7 carbon-carbon bonds
- EC 3.8 halide bonds
- EC 3.9: phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.10: sulfur-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.11: carbon-phosphorus bonds
- EC 3.12: sulfur-sulfur bonds
- EC 3.13: carbon-sulfur bonds
References
- EC 3 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London, only covers 3.1-3.4
- More detailed taxonomy
|
||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Learn More
 | β-galactosidase |
| hydrolytic enzyme (biochemistry) |
| isoamylase |
Help us answer these
 | How does hydrolase perform its catalytic duties? |
| What is the biological function of acid hydrolase? |
| What is the optimum Ph of carbonyl hydrolases? |
Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:
Copyrights:
 |
 | Sci-Tech Dictionary. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
 |
| Medical Dictionary. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Read more |
 |
| Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
 |
| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Hydrolase". Read more |
