Decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water, such as the dissociation of a dissolved salt or the catalytic conversion of starch to glucose.
hydrolyte hy'dro·lyte' (-līt') n.hydrolytic hy'dro·lyt'ic (-drə-lĭt'ĭk) adj.
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Decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water, such as the dissociation of a dissolved salt or the catalytic conversion of starch to glucose.
hydrolyte hy'dro·lyte' (-līt') n.1. a reaction between the ions of salt and those of water to form an acid and a base, one or both of which is only slightly dissociated. A process whereby a large molecule is split by the addition of water. The end products divide the water, the hydroxyl group being attached to one and the hydrogen ion to the other. n 2. the splitting of a compound into two parts with the addition of the elements of water.
The chemical reaction of a compound with water. Hydrolysis is an important component of soil formation, and of chemical weathering—for example, as feldspars in granite decompose to make china clay.
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The cleavage of a compound by the addition of water, the hydroxyl group being incorporated in one fragment and the hydrogen atom in the other.
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a chemical compound is broken down by reaction with water.[1][2] This is the type of reaction that is used to break down polymers. Water is added in this reaction.
In organic chemistry, hydrolysis can be considered as the reverse or opposite of condensation, a reaction in which two molecular fragments are joined for each water molecule produced. As hydrolysis may be a reversible reaction, condensation and hydrolysis can take place at the same time, with the position of equilibrium determining the amount of each product.
In inorganic chemistry, the word is often applied to solutions of salts and the reactions by which they are converted to new ionic species or to precipitates (oxides, hydroxides, or salts). The addition of a molecule of water to a chemical compound, without forming any other products is usually known as hydration, rather than hydrolysis.
In biochemistry, hydrolysis is considered the reverse or opposite of dehydration synthesis. In hydrolysis, a water molecule (H2O), is added. Where as in dehydration synthesis, a molecule of water is removed.
Many metal ions are strong Lewis acids, and in water they may undergo hydrolysis to form basic salts. Such salts contain a hydroxyl group that is directly bound to the metal ion in place of a water ligand. For example, aluminium chloride undergoes extensive hydrolysis in water, such that the pH of the solution become quite acidic.
This means that if solutions of AlCl3 are evaporated,
In a hydrolysis reaction that involves breaking an ester link, one hydrolysis product contains a hydroxyl functional group, while the other contains a carboxylic acid functional group.
The carbonyl is attacked by a hydroxide anion (or a water molecule, which is rapidly deprotonated). The resulting tetrahedral intermediate breaks down. The alkoxide fragment breaks off from the tetrahedran carbon and becomes an alcohol by protonation, leaving the acyl fragment with the attacking hydroxide, to produce a carboxylic acid. This is the reverse of the esterification reaction, yielding the original alcohol and carboxylic acid again. In a basic solution, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated, such that the basic hydrolysis is irreversible, while acidic hydrolysis is not.
There are two main methods for hydrolysing esters, basic hydrolysis and
acid-

An important example of this reaction is the release of fatty acids from glycerol in triglyceride hydrolysis, as occurs during saponification.
In other hydrolysis reactions, such as hydrolysis of an amide link into a carboxylic acid and an amine product or ammonia, only the carboxylic acid product has a hydroxyl group derived from the water. The amine product (or ammonia) gains the remaining hydrogen ion. A more specific case of the hydrolysis of an amide link is hydrolyzing the peptide links of amino acids.
Cellulolytic is relating to or causing the hydrolysis of cellulose (i.e. cellulolytic bacteria, fungi or enzymes).
The hydrolysis into glucose (i.e. of cellulose or starch) is called saccharification.
Under physiological conditions (i.e. in dilute aqueous solution), a hydrolytic cleavage reaction, where the concentration of a metabolic precursor is low (on the order of 10-3 to 10-6 molar), is essentially thermodynamically irreversible. To give an example:
![K_d = \frac{\left[X\right] \left[Y\right]} {\left[H_2O\right] \left[A\right]}](http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/math/6/c/c/6ccd56df6f5944a5d37e9740ddcede3e.png)
Assuming that x is the final concentration of products, and that C is the initial concentration of A, and W = [H2O] = 55.5 molar, then x can be calculated with the equation:

let Kd×W = k:
then 
For a value of C = 0.001 molar, and k = 1 molar, x/C > 0.999. Less than 0.1% of the original reactant would be present once the reaction is complete.
This theme of physiological irreversibility of hydrolysis is used consistently in metabolic pathways, since many biological processes are driven by the cleavage of anhydrous pyrophosphate bonds.
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