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This is a list of political ideologies. Many political parties base their political action and election program on an ideology. In social studies, a political ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some parties follow a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests.
Political ideologies have two dimensions:
- Goals: How society should function or be organized.
- Methods: The most appropriate way to achieve this goal.
An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy, theocracy, etc), and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism, socialism, etc). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, "socialism" may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system.
Ideologies also identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), though this is very often controversial. Finally, ideologies can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism) and from single issues that a party may be built around (e.g. opposition to European integration or the legalisation of marijuana).
The following list attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into a number of groups; each group contains ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. They are merely noting the fact that the ideologies in question are practically, historically and ideologically related to each other. Note that one ideology can belong to several groups, and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. Also, keep in mind that the meaning of a political label can differ between countries and that parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.
The list is strictly alphabetical. Thus, placing one ideology before another does not imply that the first is more important or popular than the second.
Contents |
Anarchism
General
- Anarchism
- Anarchism without adjectives
- Anarcho-pacifism
- Black anarchism
- Illegalism
- Left anarchism
- Post-anarchism
- Post-colonial anarchism
- Post-left anarchy
- Provo (movement)
- Right-anarchism
Environmentalist anarchism
Individualist anarchism
- Agorism
- Anarcho-capitalism
- Free-market anarchism
- Freiwirtschaft
- Geolibertarianism
- Inclusive Democracy
- Individualist anarchism
- Market anarchism
- Mutualism
- Participatory economics
- Really Really Free Market
Religious anarchism
Social anarchism
- Anarchist communism
- Anarcha-feminism
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Collectivist anarchism
- Social anarchism
- Social ecology
Other
- Autarchism
- Autonomism
- Indigenism
- Infoanarchism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Makhnovism
- National-Anarchism
- Panarchism
- Platformism
- Propertarianism
- Voluntaryism
- Workerism
Conservatism
General
- Conservatism
- Conservative liberalism
- Cultural conservatism
- Liberal conservatism
- Libertarian conservatism
- National conservatism
- Neoconservatism
- Paleoconservatism
- Social conservatism
Regional variants
- Conservatism in Australia
- Conservatism in Canada
- Conservatism in Colombia
- Conservatism in Germany
- Conservatism in North America
- Conservatism in the United States
Other
- Agrarianism
- Bioconservatism
- Black conservatism
- Civic Conservatism
- Christian democracy
- Communitarianism
- Fiscal conservatism
- Green conservatism
- Latin Conservatism
- Right-libertarianism
- Roman Catholic conservatism
- Theoconservatism
- Traditionalist conservatism
Environmentalism
- Anarcho-primitivism
- Bright green environmentalism
- Deep ecology
- Eco-capitalism
- Ecofascism
- Ecofeminism
- Ecologism
- Eco-socialism
- Environmentalism
- Free-market environmentalism
- Green anarchism
- Green conservatism
- Green liberalism
- Green libertarianism
- Green politics
- Green municipalism
- Free-market environmentalism
- Green syndicalism
- Social ecology
Feminism
General
- Anarcha-feminism
- Cultural feminism
- Ecofeminism
- Feminism
- Individualist feminism
- Lesbian feminism
- Liberal feminism
- Marxist feminism
- Masculism
- Postmodern feminism
- Psychoanalytic feminism
- Radical feminism
- Separatist feminism
- Socialist feminism
- Womanism
Religious feminism
Liberalism
General
- Classical liberalism
- Conservative liberalism
- Economic liberalism
- Liberal feminism
- Liberalism
- Market liberalism
- Neoliberalism
- Ordoliberalism
- Paleoliberalism
- Social liberalism
Libertarianism
- Agorism
- Anarcho-capitalism
- Geolibertarianism
- Georgism
- Left-libertarianism
- Libertarianism
- Minarchism
- Objectivism
- Paleolibertarianism
- Privatism
- Neolibertarianism
Radicalism
Other
Nationalism
General
Fascism
- Austrofascism
- Brazilian Integralism
- Clerical fascism
- Falangism
- Fascism
- Greek fascism
- Italian fascism
- Iron Guard
- Japanese fascism
- Nazism
- Neo-Fascism
- Rexism
- Ustaše
- Zbor
Regional variants
Zionism
Unification movements
Other
- Arab nationalism
- Black nationalism
- Corporatism
- Patriotism
- Producerism
- National syndicalism
- Queer nationalism
- White nationalism
- Left-wing nationalism
Religion
General
Buddhism
Christianity
- Christian anarchism
- Christian communism
- Christian Democracy
- Christian feminism
- Christian socialism
- Clerical fascism
- Dominionism
- Liberation Theology
- Political Catholicism
- Popolarismo
Hinduism
Islam
Judaism
Sikhism
Socialism
General
Reformist socialism
Democratic socialism
Social Democracy
Regional variants
- African socialism
- Arab socialism
- Bolivarianism
- Labor Zionism
- Melanesian socialism
- Socialism with Chinese characteristics
Religious socialism
Other
Revolutionary Socialism
General
Marxism
- Autonomist Marxism
- Council communism
- Eurocommunism
- Guevarism
- Hoxhaism
- Kautskyism
- Left communism
- Leninism
- Luxemburgism
- Maoism
- Marxism
- Marxism-Leninism
- Marxist feminism
- Marxist humanism
- Neo-marxism
- Situationism
- Anti-Revisionism (or Stalinism)
- Titoism
- Trotskyism
- Western Marxism
Anarchism
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Collectivist anarchism
- Communist Anarchism
- Eco-socialism
- Social anarchism
- Social ecology
- Individualist anarchism[1][2]
- Mutualist anarchism[3]
Other
- Distributism
- Guild socialism
- Libertarian socialism
- Syndicalism
- Utopian socialism
- National syndicalism
See also
References
- ^ Tucker, Benjamin. Labor and Its Pay, from Individual Liberty: Selections from the Writings of Benjamin T. Tucker
- ^ The Anarchist Reader
- ^ A Mutualist FAQ: A.4. Are Mutualists Socialists?
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