A field that doesn't change is informally called "constant," or
more formally "immutable." This is in contrast to fields that can
change with are called "mutable." The main importance Mutability is
in multi-threaded programs, where the program can be executing in
multiple places at once. A common multi-threading bug is one thread
using a mutable object while another thread changes it without
realizing the first thread is still using the object. A solution is
to make the object immutable and create a new immutable object when
the values change. That way threads may get different objects but
they can count on them not to change.
Python does not have a way to guarantee an arbitrary object is
immutable. You have to enforce it by programming practice. Python
does have an immutable list called a "tuple."