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inch

[Etymology: L: uncia, ‘twelfth’ - cognate with ounce] length Traditionally the width of the thumb nail. British/American Always = ¹/₁₂ ft = ¹/₃₆ yard, the inch of British provenance has for centuries been everywhere within 0.01% of its current international value.
[Connor R. D. The Weights and Measures of England (London: HMSO, 1987)] However, the inch of modern times was technically different in each of the UK, the USA, and Canada prior to the agreed international standard,
[Nature Vol. 183, 80-1 (1959)] though mutual differences were less than 0.001%. Introduced in Canada in 1951Canada: An Act respecting Weights and Measures assented to 20 June 1951 then in the UK, the USA, Australia, and New Zealand in 1959 (though in the UK not completely until 1964), the international value has the inch an integer multiple of a tenth of the millimetre, hence the foot, yard, etc., likewise. However, through a succession of prototypes it had probably been the same to at least six significant figures for centuries. See Table 26.

Internat, BI, US-C, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, etc.	SI
	inch	…	…	…	…	…		25.4 mm
	12	foot	…	…	…	…		305.~ mm
	36	3	yard	…	…	…		914.~ mm
	198	33:2	11:2	rod	…	…		5.03~ m
	792	66	22	4	chain	…		20.1~ m
	7 920	660	220	40	10	furlong, eighth		201.~ m
	63 360	5 280	1 760	320	80	8	mile	1.61~ km

Internat, BI, US-C 1959 25.4 mm, so 1 m = ¹/_0.0254 in = 39.370 078 7~ in. (However, because of their entrenched representation in so many land surveys and of the effect of even very minor differences in definition when magnified by geographical distances, the then extant US units displaced by adoption of the international inch in 1959 have been retained as the survey or coast units, based on the 1866 value.)

Canada 1951 25.4 mm.

BI 1898 A UK Order-in-Council declared that, on the basis of comparative measurement of the prototype yard and the international prototype metre, 1 in = 25.399 978~ mm (making the prototype yard obsolescent, but not displacing it).

US-C 1893 It was declared that the 1866 equation 1 m = 39.37 in be based on the prototype metre, not the prototype yard, making the latter obsolete.

US-C 1866 For conversion from metric-expressed contracts to US-C, it was declared that 1 m = 39.37 in, hence 1 in = ¹/_39.27 m = 25.400 050 8~ mm.

BI 1864 From comparative measurement of the prototypes it was declared that 1 in = 25.399 53~ mm for conversion from metric-expressed contracts.

BI 1825, US-C 1838 ¹/₃₆ the prototype yard.

History

The international inch of 25.4 mm represented virtually the mean of the differently defined UK and US sizes. The US definition of 1866, by its rounded basis of 1 m = 39.37 in aimed at simplification of conversion from metric, can be seen as defining an American metre from the yard prototype. This was reversed in 1893 through the Mendenhall Order, defining the inch in terms of the international metre. The practice for BI differed in that its figures were the best then ascertainable by relating the respective prototypes: the 1898 Order-in-Council figure 25.399 977 9~ mm was obtained by measuring the prototype metre bar at 39.370 113 in, the 1863 figure at 1 m = 39.370 81~ in. These British figures, since they related to a long-established prototype that was common to the UK and the USA, represented the size of the inch, to that level of precision, when BI came into effect in 1825, and the size of US-C inch prior to 1893. The rounding to have the inch equal to ¹/_39.37 m made a shift of less than three parts per million, and was easily acceptable at the time. The much later change to exactly 25.4 mm, though of less than two parts per million, was not universally acceptable in the USA, and resulted in the old sizing, particularly for the consequent foot, being retained for survey purposes.

Careful measurement of the prototype BI yard still in practical use in the 1950s showed the British master copy as being 0.914 397 2~ m,
[Nature Vol. 183, 80-1 (1959)] giving an inch of 25.399 92~ mm.

volume In a maritime context, see shipping cubic inch.

physics For pressure, e.g. as inch of mercury; see head of liquid.

adjective

Being or in accordance with the current fashion: à la mode, chic, dashing, fashionable, mod, modish, posh, smart, stylish, swank, swanky, trig. Informal classy, sharp, snappy, swish, tony, trendy. Slang with-it. Idioms: all the rage, up to the minute. See style/good style/bad style, usual/unusual.

Idioms beginning with in:
insult
in one piece
in arms
in back of
into one's head
in black and white
inch by inch
into question
in the rough
in the mouth
inference
in one's tracks
in the back
into line
in love
instance
involve
information
in a walk
in the balance
in the clouds
in the hot seat
in a bad way
in a big way
in absentia
in a cold sweat
in a tizzy
in a fog
in a good light
in a huff
in all
in all one's born days
in a manner of speaking
in itself
in any case
in a pig's eye
in a pinch
in arrears
in a sense
insomuch as
in a stew
in a tight corner
in at the death
in a way
in a while
in good faith
in bad with, be
in between
in between times
in short
in care of
in cement
inch
in the care of
in check
in chorus
inclined to
in clover
in cold blood
in common
in concert
in confidence
in conscience
in consequence
incumbent on
in over one's head
in default of
in defiance of
in demand
in depth
in detail
in dispute
in drag
in due course
in Dutch
in effigy
in escrow
in essence
in excess of
in exchange
in fact
in fashion
in one's favor
in fine feather
in for a penny, in for a pound
in full
in full swing
in good condition
in good hands
in good spirits
in good with, be
in half
in harness
in heat
in high dudgeon
in honor of
in the hope
in league with
in light of
in luck
in memory of
in name only
in no case
in on, be
in one ear and out the other
in one's
in the blood
in one's book
in one's cups
in one's glory
in one's hands
in one's heart of hearts
in the interest of
in one's mind's eye
in one's own backyard
in one's own right
in one's own world
in one's right mind
in other words
in part
in passing
in perpetuity
in the flesh
in phase
in plain English
in pocket
in private
in public
in question
inquire after
in reality
in reserve
in residence
in respect to
in retrospect
in return
in seventh heaven
in short order
inside
inside of
inside track, the
in so many words
in some measure
in someone's
in someone's bad graces
in someone's good graces
in spades
in stitches
in that
in the aggregate
in the air
in the raw
in the bag
in the ballpark
in the cards
in the case of
in the cold light of day
in the course of
in the dock
in the doghouse
in the doldrums
in the saddle
in the dust, leave someone
in the end
in the event of
in the eye
in the face
in the family way
in the second place
in the flush of
in the fullness of time
in the groove
in the gutter
in the hands of
in the heat of
in the interim
in the know
in the main
in the making
in the market for
in the chips
in the mood
in one's name
in the near future
in the public eye
in the red
in there pitching
in the right, be
in the round
in the same boat
in one breath
in the same league
in the soup
in the swim
in the wind
in the works
in the worst way
in the wrong
in this day and age
in time
into
in token of
into the bargain
into the drink
in trouble with
in trust
in tune
in turn
in waiting
in your face
in the lurch

See also under out of.

IN BRIEF: A word expressing inclusion or presence within limits of time, place, or circumstance.

The great advances of civilization, whether in architecture or painting, in science or literature, in industry or agriculture, have never come from centralized government. — Milton Friedman, Source: Capitalism and Freedom: Fortieth Anniversary Edition, Page: 4

LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!

sign description: One hand slides inside the other hand.

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
prep. - i, ind, inde, indad, på, ved, til, under
adv. - inde, hjemme, tilstede
adj. - moderne, in
n. - mål (inde), indflydelsesrig person

idioms:

• go in    gå ind
• go in for    gå ind for
• in all    alt i alt
• in and out    ind og ud
• in extremis    på sit yderste, på dødens rand, i store vanskeligheder
• in on    være indviet i, være med i
• in situ    på sin plads, på stedet
• in that    eftersom, derved, fordi at
• in toto    fuldstændig, aldeles, in toto
• in tray    indbakke
• in utero    livmoder-
• in vitro    i glas, ved reagensglasforsøg, kunstig
• in vivo    livligt, hurtigt
• in with    omgås, holde sig på god fod med
• in your face    op i ansigtet
• take in    modtage, begribe, forstå, formindske, tage/sy ind, indvinde, tørlægge
• the ins and outs    detaljer, enkeltheder

2.
abbr. - tomme (fork. for inch)

symb. - indgang, adgang

abbr. - tomme (fork. for inch) , intelligent net, Indiana, Republikken Indien

Nederlands (Dutch)
in, binnen, wat betreft, op het gebied van, geaccepteerd, populair, intern

Français (French)
1.
prep. - dans, à, en, pendant, durant, depuis, chez, par, de/du (matin, soir), sur
adv. - dans, à, en, pendant, durant, depuis, chez, par, en ce qui concerne, en ce qui a trait
adj. - à la mode, in
n. - (Sport) ballon (à l'intérieur de la ligne), pouvoir, influence (politique, etc), personne influente

idioms:

• be in and out of somewhere    ne pas arrêter d'entrer et sortir de quelque part, passer du temps quelque part
• be in for    en passe d'avoir (des ennuis, un choc), être prêt à, être inscrit pour, en prendre (fam)
• go in    entrer, rentrer, commencer, (Mil) attaquer, se cacher (le soleil), se cacher (derrière)
• go in for    se présenter à, poser sa candidature à, être candidat, prendre part à (une course), pratiquer, s'adonner à, adopter (une cause), se consacrer à, s'occuper de, se mêler de, faire
• in all    en tout
• in and out of    (ne pas arrêter) d'entrer et de sortir de, (se faufiler) entre
• in extremis    in extremis
• in on    au courant, être dans (le secret)
• in re    (Mus) en ré, (Jur) ... objet: ...
• in situ    in situ
• in that    dans cela
• in toto    au total
• in tray    corbeille du courrier de jour
• in utero    in utero
• in vitro    in vitro
• in vivo    in vivo
• in your face    devant vous, à la face
• the ins and outs    les tenants et les aboutissants, (connaître qch) dans les moindres détails

2.
abbr. - (abrév écrite = inch) (Mes) inch

symb. - (Chim) indium

abbr. - (US, Postes) Indiana

Deutsch (German)
1.
prep. - in, innerhalb, an, auf
adv. - darin, innen
adj. - in, im Innern, im Hause
n. - jmd. der sich an der Macht befindet, Einzelheit, (Sport) die Partei, die am Spiel ist, die schlagende Partei, Regierungspartei

idioms:

• be in and out of somewhere    bald drinnen, bald draußen sein
• be in for    jmdm. steht etw. bevor, jmd. nimmt im Wettbewerb um etw. teil, jmdm. nimmt an etw. teil
• go in    hereingehen, hineingehen, verschwinden
• go in for    sich betätigen, sich befassen mit, sich verlegen auf
• in all    insgesamt
• in and out of    etw. bis in die kleinsten Einzelheiten erklären/schildern, bis in alle Einzelheiten
• in extremis    in äußerster Not
• in on    beteiligt an
• in re    in Sachen, betreffs
• in situ    in natürlicher Lage
• in that    weil
• in toto    völlig
• in tray    Ablage für Eingänge
• in utero    in der Gebärmutter
• in vitro    (Biol.) in einem Reagenzglas (außerhalb eines lebenden Organismus)
• in vivo    (Biol.) in einem lebenden Organismus
• in your face    aggressiv
• the ins and outs    alle Details

2.
abbr. - Inch, Zoll

symb. - (Chem.) Indium

abbr. - Zoll, Inch

Ελληνική (Greek)
prep. - μέσα σε (εν, εις, σε), με, μετά από, εδώ και
adv. - μέσα, στο σπίτι, στο γραφείο, (καθομ.) στη μόδα
adj. - εσωτερικός, της μόδας
n. - (το) μέσα
symb. - (χημ.) ίνδιο
abbr. - ίντσες
pref. - εν-

idioms:

• go in    εισέρχομαι, μπαίνω μέσα, ταιριάζω, κρύβομαι
• go in for    επιδίδομαι σε, καταγίνομαι με, μετέχω σε, καταπιάνομαι με
• in all    συνολικά
• in and out    μέσα-έξω
• in extremis    σε έσχατη ανάγκη, στα στερνά, στα τελευταία
• in on    που μοιράζεται, που συμμετέχει σε...
• in situ    επί τόπου, στη φυσική, αρχική του θέση
• in that    επειδή, εφόσον
• in toto    εντελώς, πλήρως, καθ' ολοκληρίαν
• in tray    θήκη εισερχομένων (εγγράφων)
• in utero    ενδομήτρια, κατά την κύηση
• in vitro    εντός του δοκιμαστικού σωλήνα
• in vivo    εν ζωή, υπό φυσικές συνθήκες
• in with    σε καλές σχέσεις
• in your face    κατά πρόσωπο, κατάμουτρα
• take in    εξαπατώ, συμπεριλαμβάνω, καταλαβαίνω
• the ins and outs    όλες οι (μικρο)λεπτομέρειες

Italiano (Italian)
per quel che concerne, in, fra, durante, a, tra/fra, in casa, dentro, pollice, alla moda

idioms:

• be in    essere alla moda
• in ..    in ..
• in absentia    in assenza
• in all    in tutto
• in and out    dentro e fuori
• in between    in mezzo
• in extremis    in extremis
• in memoriam    in memoria
• in on    al corrente
• in situ    sul posto
• in that    per il fatto che
• in toto    complessivamente
• in tray    (posta) in arrivo
• in utero    nell'utero
• in vitro    in vitro
• in vivo    dal vivo
• in with    in relazione
• in your face    davanti a te
• ins and outs    la coalizione e l'opposizione, le cose all'interno e quelle escluse
• the ins and outs    dall'a alla zeta

Português (Portuguese)
prep. - em (inclusão, qualificação, transição ou propósito)
adv. - dentro, em bons termos, na moda, na estação
adj. - interior, em favor, apreciado, para dentro, abundante, no poder
n. - membro (m) do partido no poder, influência (f), devolução (f) que cai dentro do campo (Esp.)
symb. - Índio (Quím.)
abbr. - Indiana (IN), polegada(s) (in.)
pref. - inclusão, negação

idioms:

• go in    entrar
• go in for    participar em
• in absentia    na ausência
• in all    no total
• in and out    indo e vindo
• in between    nesse meio tempo
• in extremis    perto da morte
• in memoriam    em memória
• in on    participar
• in situ    no lugar
• in that    porque
• in toto    no total
• in tray    bandeja (f) de entrada
• in utero    no ventre (m)
• in vitro    in vitro (Med.)
• in vivo    in vivo (Med.)
• in with    bem com
• in your face    na sua cara
• take in    aceitar
• the ins and outs    peculiaridades (f)

Русский (Russian)
внутренний, популярный, собирать, окружать, внутри

idioms:

• go in    входить, схватывать (идею и пр.), участвовать, затмеваться (о солнце, луне), вступать в конкурентную борьбу
• go in for    намечать сделать что-л., планировать
• in absentia    в отсутствие
• in all    полностью
• in and out    взад и вперед, снаружи и изнутри
• in between    посередине, между
• in extremis    в отчаянном положении, в момент смерти
• in memoriam    в память о
• in on    участвующий в
• in situ    на месте
• in that    тем, что, поскольку
• in toto    полностью
• in tray    корзинка для входящих документов
• in utero    в матке
• in vitro    в пробирке
• in vivo    в живом организме
• in with    внести
• in your face    в Вашем присутствии
• take in    принять, предоставить приют, брать работу на дом, сделать кого-л. участником/компаньоном, запасаться чем-л., усвоить, понять, всасывать, промокать, протекать (о лодке), одурачивать, поверить (ложным заявлениям)
• the ins and outs    все углы и закоулки, все ходы и выходы

Español (Spanish)
1.
prep. - en, dentro de, por, de, entre, con, al, durante, mientras
adv. - dentro, adentro, en el interior, hacia adentro, en su lugar, en línea, de moda
adj. - interior, entrante, que va hacia dentro, entrado, llegado, encendido, en el poder, de moda
n. - rincón, recodo, recoveco, persona en el poder o a cargo, jugador del bando que lleva el juego, (deportes) pelota que cae dentro de la cancha, influencia política, persona con este tipo de influencia o poder

idioms:

• be in and out of somewhere    ser una visita o un huésped frecuente
• be in for    estar por tener (problemas, mal tiempo, etc.), estar expuesto a , estar complicado en
• go in    entrar, entrar en, meterse, meterse en, esconderse (el sol)
• go in for    ocuparse de, dedicarse a, presentarse a, participar en
• in all    en total
• in and out of    afuera y adentro de
• in extremis    en las últimas, a punto de morir
• in on    estar enterado, estar al tanto
• in re    en el asunto de, concerniente o relativo a
• in situ    en el sitio, en el lugar de origen, in situ
• in that    por cuanto, ya que, porque
• in toto    en su totalidad, integralmente
• in tray    bandeja de entradas o de asuntos pendientes
• in utero    dentro del útero
• in vitro    in vitro, en vitro
• in vivo    en el organismo vivo
• in your face    en tu cara
• the ins and outs    los pormenores, los detalles

2.
abbr. - pulgada

symb. - símbolo químico del Indium, indio

abbr. - Indiana

Svenska (Swedish)
prep. - i, på, inom, om, under, hos, med, till, som, för, över, åt, av, enligt, efter
adv. - in, inne, hemma, framme, vid makten, brinnande
adj. - inne, modern, inkommande
n. - mäktig person, makt, inflytande
symb. - indium
abbr. - inch(es), inlet, indemnity, input
pref. - inne-, in-, inkommande, inne i, inom, o-

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
美国印第安纳州邮政编码, 智能网, 情报网络

铟

1. 在...里, 在...上, 在...方面, 在...之内, 从事于, 进, 在屋里, 在里头, 在家, 在里面的, 时髦的, 流行的, 朝里面的, 赶时髦的, 当朝派, 门路, 关系, 执政者

idioms:

• go in    进去, 参加, 放得进
• go in for    参加, 喜欢
• in all    总共
• in and out    进进出出
• in extremis    在紧要关头, 弥留临终之际
• in on    参与...
• in situ    在原处, 在原位置
• in that    因为...
• in toto    整个地
• in tray    收文盘, 文件盘
• in utero    在子宫内
• in vitro    在玻璃器内, 在试管内
• in vivo    在活的有机体内
• in with    和...相处得很好
• in your face    当着某人的面, 对着某人的面
• take in    让...进入, 改小, 接受, 改短
• the ins and outs    迂回曲折, 复杂详情底细, 执政党与在野党

2. 印度

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
abbr. - 美國印第安那州郵遞區號, 智慧網, 情報網路

symb. - 銦

1.
prep. - 在...裡, 在...上, 在...方面, 在...之內, 從事於
adv. - 進, 在屋裡, 在裡頭, 在家
adj. - 在裡面的, 時髦的, 流行的, 朝裡面的, 趕時髦的
n. - 當朝派, 門路, 關係, 執政者

idioms:

• go in    進去, 參加, 放得進
• go in for    參加, 喜歡
• in all    總共
• in and out    進進出出
• in extremis    在緊要關頭, 彌留臨終之際
• in on    參與...
• in situ    在原處, 在原位置
• in that    因為...
• in toto    整個地
• in tray    收文盤, 文件盤
• in utero    在子宮內
• in vitro    在玻璃器內, 在試管內
• in vivo    在活的有機體內
• in with    和...相處得很好
• in your face    當著某人的面, 對著某人的面
• take in    讓...進入, 改小, 接受, 改短
• the ins and outs    迂回曲折, 複雜詳情底細, 執政黨與在野黨

2.
abbr. - 印度

한국어 (Korean)
1.
prep. - ~안에
adv. - 안으로, 유행하여, 정권을 쥐어
adj. - 내부의, 유행의
n. - (스포츠에서) 선 안으로 들어온 공, 여당, 여당원

idioms:

• go in    들어가다, 참가하다, 이해되다
• go in for    ~를 치루다, ~에 입후보하다
• in all    전부
• in and out    들락날락하다
• in extremis    임종에
• in on    참가하는
• in situ    원위치에서
• in that    ~이라는 점에서, ~라는 이유로
• in toto    전부, 모조리, 전체적으로
• in tray    미결 서류함
• in utero    자궁으로의 회귀 본능
• in vitro    시험관, 유리관
• in vivo    생체 내에서의, 조건 내에서의
• in with    ~와 사이가 좋아, ~에 얼굴이 통하고
• in with    ~을 안에 넣어라
• in your face    너의 얼굴에
• take in    받아들이다, 끌어들이다
• the ins and outs    구석구석, 여당과 야당

2.
abbr. - inch (인치), 조금, 신장

symb. - indium (인듐)

abbr. - indium(인듐), inches(인치), inlet(후미)

日本語 (Japanese)
prep. - 中に, 中へ, 後に, 間に, 身につけて, 着て, 状態で, 中で, 所を, …で, もって
adv. - すっかり, 在宅して, 到着して, 流行して, 政権を握って
n. - 与党, 手づる
adj. - 内部の, 内々だけの, 到着した, 流行している

idioms:

• in all    全部で, 合計で
• in and out    出たり入ったり, 見えたり隠れたり
• in extremis    極限にいて, 死に臨んで
• in on    関与して, 知っている
• in situ    もとの場所に, 自然位で
• in that    …という点で
• in toto    全体として, 全く
• in utero    子宮内に, まだ生まれていない
• in vitro    試験管内で
• in vivo    生体内で
• in with    入れよ
• the ins and outs    詳細, 曲折

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(حرف جر) حرف جر : في (ظرف) نحو الداخل (صفه) داخل (الاسم) حاكم متمتع بالسلطه (علامه) عنصر الأنديوم (اختصار) مختصر : ولايه أنديان, أنش أو أنشات ( قياس, ) (بادئه الكلم- ه) سابقه لعكس المعنى : غير‏

עברית (Hebrew)
prep. - ‮ב-, בזמן, עוסק ב-, במטרה ל-‬
adv. - ‮בתוך, בתוכו, בבית, לחדר, בפרסום, נבחר, בנקודה הכי גבוהה, בעונה‬
adj. - ‮פנימי, באופנה, אהוד, מובן בתוך קבוצת אנשים מסוימת‬
n. - ‮ברבים: אנשים בעלי השפעה, יתרון או קשר חברתי‬
abbr. - ‮קיצור: אינץ'‬
symb. - ‮אינדיום (יסוד)‬
abbr. - ‮אינדיאנים‬

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