include
American Heritage Dictionary:
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in·clude
(ĭn-klūd') 
tr.v., -clud·ed, -clud·ing, -cludes.
tr.v., -clud·ed, -clud·ing, -cludes.
- To take in as a part, element, or member.
- To contain as a secondary or subordinate element.
- To consider with or place into a group, class, or total: thanked the host for including us.
[Middle English includen, from Latin inclūdere, to enclose : in-, in; see in-2 + claudere, to close.]
includable in·clud'a·ble or in·clud'i·ble adj.SYNONYMS include, comprise, comprehend, embrace, involve. These verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger. Include often implies an incomplete listing: "Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in 'We, the people'" (Barbara C. Jordan). Comprise usually implies that all of the components are stated: The book comprises 15 chapters. Comprehend and embrace usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements: My field of study comprehends several disciplines. This theory embraces many facets of human behavior. Involve usually suggests inclusion as a logical consequence or necessary condition: "Every argument involves some assumptions" (Brooke F. Westcott).
USAGE NOTE Some writers insist that include be used only when it is followed by a partial list of the contents of the referent of the subject. Therefore, one may write New England includes Connecticut and Rhode Island, but one must use comprise or consist of to provide full enumeration: New England comprises (not includes) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. This restriction is too strong. Include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing. Thus the sentence The bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open. The use of comprise or consist of, however, will avoid ambiguity when a listing is meant to be exhaustive. Thus the sentence The task force includes all of the Navy units on active duty in the region allows for the possibility that Marine and Army units are also taking part, where the same sentence with comprise would entail that the task force contained only Navy forces. See Usage Notes at comprise.
Fowler's Modern English Usage:
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including
There is evidence, both in British English and in American English, of including used with a prepositional phrase introduced by a word such as by, in, to, etc.:
Copies of this notice are being distributed on a wide scale including to overseas establishments—radio broadcast, 1990
We find free speech under assault throughout the United States, including on some college campuses—International Herald Tribune, 1991
Holme...set off from Poole intending to preach at 30 ports, including in Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Outer Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland—Western Daily Press, 2007.
| include, comprise, inclose, incline | |
| incognito, incommunicado, incomparable |
Roget's Thesaurus:
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include
verb
- To have as a part: comprehend, comprise, contain, embody, embrace, encompass, have, involve, subsume, take in. See include/exclude.
Antonyms by Answers.com:
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include
v
Definition: contain, involve
Antonyms: eliminate, exclude, neglect, omit, reject
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[Usenet]
1. To duplicate a portion (or whole) of another's message (typically with attribution to the source) in a reply or followup, for clarifying the context of one's response. See the discussion of inclusion styles under Hacker Writing Style.
2. [from C] #include <disclaimer.h> has appeared in sig blocks to refer to a notional standard disclaimer file.
Word Tutor:
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include
IN BRIEF: To contain; to put in a group or total.
The right to be heard does not automatically include the right to be taken seriously.
— Hubert H. Humphrey (1911-1978), American statesman.
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Random House Word Menu:
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categories related to 'including'
See crossword solutions for the clue Translations:
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Include
Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - inkludere, indeholde, iberegne, omfatte, indbefatte, indkalkulere, medregne, medtage, medsende
Nederlands (Dutch)
omvatten, bevatten, erbij horen, (mede) opnemen
Français (French)
v. tr. - (gén) inclure, comprendre, englober
idioms:
- include someone out ne pas compter sur qn
- include something out ne pas inclure/ne pas comprendre qch
Deutsch (German)
v. - einschließen, enthalten
idioms:
- include someone out jdn auslassen
- include something out etwas auslassen
Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - (συμ)περιλαμβάνω, περιέχω, συγκαταλέγω
Italiano (Italian)
includere, comprendere, mettere in conto
Português (Portuguese)
v. - incluir
Русский (Russian)
включать, содержать
Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - incluir, contener, comprender, abarcar, adjuntar
idioms:
- include someone out dejar a alguien afuera (de un grupo o actividad)
- include something out dejar algo afuera (de un grupo o actividad)
Svenska (Swedish)
v. - omfatta, räkna med
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
包括, 包含
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 包括, 包含
한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 포함하다, 계산하다, 끼우다
日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 含む, 包含する, 含める, 入れる
العربيه (Arabic)
(فعل) يتضمن, يضمن
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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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