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inclusion

 
Dictionary: in·clu·sion   (ĭn-klū'zhən) pronunciation
n.
  1. The act of including or the state of being included.
  2. Something included.
  3. Geology. A solid, liquid, or gaseous foreign body enclosed in a mineral or rock.
  4. Biology. A nonliving mass, such as a droplet of fat, in the cytoplasm of a cell.
  5. Computer Science. A logical operation that assumes the second statement of a pair is true if the first one is true.

[Latin inclūsiō, inclūsiōn-, from inclūsus, past participle of inclūdere, to enclose. See include.]

inclusionary in·clu'sion·ar'y (-zhə-nĕr'ē) adj.

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Antonyms: inclusion
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n

Definition: addition
Antonyms: exclusion, omission, subtraction


Architecture: inclusion
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The presence of foreign matter in a finished material.


Veterinary Dictionary: inclusion
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1. the act of enclosing or the condition of being enclosed.
2. anything that is enclosed; a cell inclusion.

  • epithelial i. — probably endothelial displacements during embryonic development; epithelial cells in acinar or ductal structure enclosed in a layer of epithelial cells on a basement membrane.
  • cell i. — a usually lifeless, often temporary, constituent in the cytoplasm of a cell.
  • chlamydial i. — see elementary body.
  • dental i. — a tooth so surrounded with bony material that it is unable to erupt.
  • fetal i. — a partially developed embryo enclosed within the body of its twin.
  • nutritive i's — glycogen inclusions, visible only with electron microscope, include α-particles (rosettes) and β-particles (single particles).
Wikipedia: Inclusion (mineral)
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Quartz crystals with sand inclusions; sometimes these objects are called "sand crystals".

In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation.

In gemology, an inclusion is a characteristic enclosed within a gemstone, or reaching its surface from the interior.

According to Hutton's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself.

Mineralogy

Inclusions are usually other minerals or rocks, but may also be water, gas or petroleum. Liquid or vapor inclusions are known as fluid inclusions. In the case of amber it is possible to find insects and plants as inclusions.

The analysis of atmospheric gas bubbles as inclusions in ice cores is an important tool in the study of climate change.

Contrast with xenolith.

Gemology

Inclusions are one of the most important factors when it comes to gem valuation. In many gemstones, such as diamonds, inclusions affect the clarity of the stone, diminishing the stone's value. In some stones, however, such as star sapphires, the inclusion actually increases the value of the stone.

Many colored gemstones, such as amethyst, emerald, and sapphire, are expected to have inclusions, and the inclusions do not greatly affect the stone's value. Colored gemstones are categorized into three types as follows:

  • Type I colored stones include stones with very little or no inclusions. They include aquamarine, topaz and zircon.
  • Type II colored stones include stones that often have a few inclusions. They include sapphire, ruby, garnet and spinel.
  • Type III colored stones include stones that almost always have inclusions. Stones in this category include emerald and tourmaline.

References



Translations: Inclusion
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - indbefatning, medregning, inklusion

Nederlands (Dutch)
het meerekenen/ insluiten, het meegerekend worden, insluitsel

Français (French)
n. - (gén, Math) inclusion

Deutsch (German)
n. - Einbeziehung, Einschluß, Zugehörigkeit

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - συμπερίληψη, συνυπολογισμός, περιεχόμενο

Italiano (Italian)
inclusione

Português (Portuguese)
n. - inclusão (f)

Русский (Russian)
включение

Español (Spanish)
n. - inclusión

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - inbegripande, medtagande

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
包含, 内含物

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 包含, 內含物

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 포함, 산입, 함유물

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 包含, 包括, 算入, 含有物, 含有

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) تضمين, احتواء‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮הכללה, היכללות, דבר כלול, גוף או חלקיק מובחן מהחומר בו הוא משובץ‬


 
 
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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Answers Corporation Antonyms. © 1999-2009 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Inclusion (mineral)" Read more
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