incus

1. An anvil-shaped bone between the malleus and the stapes in the mammalian middle ear. Also called anvil.
2. A thunderhead.

[Latin incūs, incūd-, anvil, from incūsus, past participle of incūdere, to forge with a hammer : in-, intensive pref.; see in-² + cūdere, to beat, forge.]

The middle of the three ossicles of the ear; called also anvil.

Bone: Incus
Left incus. A. From within. B. From the front.
Auditory tube, laid open by a cut in its long axis.
Malleus Tensor Tympani Incus Stapedius Labyrinth Stapes Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane (Ear Drum) Eustachian Tube Tympanic cavity
Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
Gray's	subject #231 1044
Precursor	1st branchial arch[1]
MeSH	Incus

For the record label, see Incus Records.

The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna.

The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible.

Contents 1 Additional images 2 See also 3 References 4 External links

Additional images

Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid bar exposed.

External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.

Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum.

Ossicles

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles

References

1. ^ hednk-023 — Embryology at UNC

External links

The Anatomy WizIncus

This musculoskeletal system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

v • d • e Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, GA 10.1029) Auditory Outer ear Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Earlobe) • Ear canal Middle ear Eardrum (Umbo) • Ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes) • muscles (Stapedius, Tensor tympani) • Eustachian tube (Torus tubarius) Inner ear/Labyrinth Vestibule • Membranous labyrinth Oval window → Scala vestibuli / Reissner's/vestibular membrane, Helicotrema and Scala tympani / Basilar membrane (Perilymph) → Round window Cochlea: Modiolus • Cochlear duct / scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament), Olivocochlear system Organ of Corti: Stereocilia • Tectorial membrane • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis To brain Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve VIII → Cochlear nuclei (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei → Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → Medial geniculate nuclei → Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex Vestibular Inner ear/Labyrinth Static/translations: Utricle (Macula) · Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac, Endolymphatic duct) · Kinocilium · Otolith Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris) To brain Vestibular nerve VIII → Vestibular nuclei, Flocculonodular lobe Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract, Ventral posterolateral nucleus → Vestibular cortex ear navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen, eponymous signs, proc

v • d • e Bones (Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton) (TA A02, GA 2) VERTEBRAL COLUMN vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) · sacrum · coccyx THORAX sternum · rib cranial bones of SKULL occipital · parietal · frontal · temporal  · sphenoid · ethmoid facial bones of SKULL nasal · maxilla · lacrimal · zygomatic · palatine · inferior nasal conchae · vomer · mandible · THROAT: hyoid (greater cornu, lesser cornu, body) UPPER EXTREMITY SHOULDER GIRDLE:clavicle · scapula · ARM: humerus · ulna · radius- HAND:carpals (scaphoid · lunate bone · triquetral · pisiform · trapezium · trapezoid · capitate · hamate) · metacarpals · phalanges (prox, int, dist) LOWER EXTREMITY PELVIS:pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis) · LEG: femur · patella · fibula · tibia · FOOT: tarsals (calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiform, cuboid ) · metatarsals · phalanges (prox, int, dist) MIDDLE EAR OSSICLES malleus · incus · stapes

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