integration

n.

1. 1. The act or process of integrating.
   2. The state of becoming integrated.
2. The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation.
3. Psychology. The organization of the psychological or social traits and tendencies of a personality into a harmonious whole.
4. Mathematics. The process of computing an integral; the inverse of differentiation.
5. Electronics. The process of placing more than one integrated circuit on a single chip.

noun

The act, process, or result of abolishing racial segregation: desegregation. See include/exclude, same/different/compare.

Donald Woods Winnicott distinguished three major maternal functions in his study of the role of the environment in the processes of maturation of the infant's ego: holding, which conditions the integration process; handling, which makes possible "personalization" or "psyche indwelling in the soma"; and lastly, object-presenting, which underlies the building of the earliest object relations.

Winnicott essentially expounded the notion of integration in two important papers: "Primitive Emotional Development" (delivered at the November 28, 1945 meeting of the British Psychoanalytical Society) and "Ego-integration in Child Development" (1962).

Integration presupposes the existence of an initial state of nonintegration, on the basis of which the individual, not yet differentiated from his or her environment, tends to become organized into a unique being by the coming together of multiple varied and fragmented experiences. In Winnicott (1981), Claude Geets described the process in these terms: "These early experiences are at first sensory and motor: that which will become an I is at this point only a mass of dispersed, unconnected sensations. At the end of the integration process, there is what Winnicott calls the establishing of a unitary self: the subject (from now on) has the sense of existing as an individual entity" (p. 73).

Two types of experiences intervene in the transition from primary nonintegration to successful integration: first, the care the infant receives, "whereby an infant is kept warm, handled and bathed and rocked and named" (Winnicott, 1945/1958, p. 140), and second, the acute instinctual experiences that "tend to gather the personality together from within" (p. 140). Indeed, Winnicott very strongly emphasized the effects of the encounter between the (future) subject and the object, the impact of which is central, according to him, in the constitution of the infant's self.

Nonintegration thus has a natural place in the course of the individual's development, and every individual temporarily returns to that state during moments of rest, relaxation, or dreams, provided that he or she has enough trust in the environment to yield to this regressive movement. Winnicott linked creativity and artistic experience in adults to the ability to remain in contact with this nonintegrated, primitive self, just as the subject must be able to experience a return to a state of nonintegration in psychoanalysis.

Nonintegration is thus a positive, structuring phenomenon that must be clearly distinguished from disintegration of the personality (or fear of disintegration). The latter is to be situated within the realm of psychopathology as a modality of defense against a return to a state of nonintegration, for in Winnicott's view, madness is never a regression, but instead a last, pathetic resort against regression.

Bibliography

Geets, Claude. (1981). Winnicott. Paris:Éditions Universitaires J.-P. Delarge.

Squiggle Foundation. (1988). Winnicott studies. The journal of the Squiggle Foundation. A celebration of the life and work of Marion Milner, No. 3. London: Squiggle Foundation, 1988.

Winnicott, Donald W. (1958). Primitive emotional development. In Collected papers: Through paediatrics to psychoanalysis (pp. 145-156). London: Tavistock Publications. (Reprinted from International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 26 (1945), 137-143.) ——. (1965). Ego-integration in child development. The maturational processes and the facilitating environment (pp. 56-63). London: Hogarth and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis. (Original work published 1962)

—BERNARD GOLSE

1. assimilation; anabolic action or activity.
2. the combining of different acts so that they cooperate toward a common end; coordination.
3. in bacterial genetics, assimilation of genetic material from one bacterium (donor) into the chromosome of another (recipient).

• industrial i. — integration of the various levels of an industry so that they are all working in unison, usually under the same ownership. Thus in the poultry industry it is commonplace for the same company to grow the feed, hatch the chickens, franchise feeders, slaughter the broiler output in their own plant and wholesale the dressed birds to retailers.

(DOD) 1. In force protection, the synchronized transfer of units into an operational commander's force prior to mission execution. 2. The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. 3. In photography, a process by which the average radar picture seen on several scans of the time base may be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic images are combined into a single image. See also force protection.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Common misspelling(s) of integration

• intergration

Dansk (Danish)
n. - integration, ophævelse af raceskel, sammensmeltning, samordning, indpasning

Nederlands (Dutch)
integratie, vorming tot één geheel

Français (French)
n. - intégration, assimilation

Deutsch (German)
n. - Integration

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ολοκλήρωση, ενοποίηση, ένταξη, ενσωμάτωση

Italiano (Italian)
integrazione

Português (Portuguese)
n. - integração (f)

Русский (Russian)
объединение, интегрирование

Español (Spanish)
n. - integración, asimilación

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - integration (äv. matem.), sammansmältning, samverkan

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
整合, 集成, 完成

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 整合, 集成, 完成

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 통합, 적분, 인종차별의 폐지

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 完成, 統合, 集積化, 積分, 集成

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) دمج, تكامل‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מיזוג, אינטגרציה, סיפוח, הטמעה‬

If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.

To select your translation preferences click here.

Amp Integration Harness	mge ups battery integration system
Microsoft Host Integration Server Price	Motorola 02527mot Merge Wireless & Wireline Integration