involution

(ĭn'və-lū'shən)
n.

1. 1. The act of involving.
   2. The state of being involved.
2. Intricacy; complexity.
3. Something, such as a long grammatical construction, that is intricate or complex.
4. Mathematics. An operation, such as negation, which, when applied to itself, returns the original number.
5. Embryology. The ingrowth and curling inward of a group of cells, as in the formation of a gastrula from a blastula.
6. Medicine.
   1. A decrease in size of an organ, as of the uterus following childbirth.
   2. A progressive decline or degeneration of normal physiological functioning occurring as a result of the aging process.

[Latin involūtiō, involūtiōn-, from involūtus, past participle of involvere, to enwrap. See involve.]

involutional in'vo·lu'tion·al adj.

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1. The refolding of two nappes differing in age so that parts of the younger nappe lie below older rocks.

2. The convolution of layers of ground under periglacial conditions. This may occur when the active layer is trapped at the start of winter between the frozen surface and the permafrost below it. The resulting pressure distorts the trapped strata. Alternatively, involutions may result from the pressure exerted by expanding ice segregations.

A synonym for cryoturbation.

1. a rolling or turning inward.
2. one of the movements involved in the gastrulation of many animals.
3. a retrograde change of the entire body or in a particular organ, as the retrograde changes in the female genital organs that result in normal size after delivery.
4. the progressive degeneration occurring naturally with advancing age, resulting in shriveling of organs or tissues.

• uterine i. — reduction in size of the uterus in the period immediately after parturition.

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - indvikling, forvikling, potensopløftning

Nederlands (Dutch)
betrokkenheid, teruggaande ontwikkeling, verwikkeling, het kleiner worden van orgaan met de jaren, involutie (wiskunde), binnenwaartse krulling, ingewikkeldheid

Français (French)
n. - (Bot, Zool, Méd, Math) involution

Deutsch (German)
n. - Verwicklung, Potenzierung, Rückbildung

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - περιπλοκή, μπέρδεμα, (μαθημ.) ενέλιξη

Italiano (Italian)
involuzione, complicazione, elevazione a potenza (mat.)

Português (Portuguese)
n. - envolvimento (m), elevação (f) a uma potência (Mat.)

Русский (Russian)
сложность, запутанность, обратное развитие

Español (Spanish)
n. - complicación, involución, potenciación

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - inveckling (äv. bildl.), trasslighet, inrullning (bot. el. zool.), återbildning (fysiol. el. med.), degeneration (biol.), potensupphöjning (matem.)

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
卷绕, 回旋, 内卷

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 捲繞, 迴旋, 內卷

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 말아 넣음, 복잡

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 巻込み, 内巻き, 回旋, もつれること, 複雑, 退化, 退縮, 対合, 累乗, 複雑さ

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) لف, التفاف, تركيب معقد‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מעורבות, סיבוך, העלאה בחזקה, התכווצות של איברים בגוף, התעקמות פנימה‬

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