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Some commonly used calcium channel blockers include amlopidine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem), isradipine (DynaCirc), nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), nicardipine (Cardene), and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan).

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Some commonly used calcium channel blockers include amlopidine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem), isradipine (DynaCirc), nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), nicardipine (Cardene), and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan).

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Probably Safe in Usual Doses
Little is known about the effects of these drugs on a breastfeeding infant, but if there is an effect, it will probably be mild. In rare cases, a child will have an allergic reaction.

Name of Drug Brand Name Use ACE inhibitors Enalapril (Vasotec), Benazepril (Lotensin) Used to treat high blood pressure Acyclovir and valacyclovir Zovirax, Valtrex Antiviral for herpes infections Anticholinergic agents Pro-Banthine Used to treat intestinal and gall bladder spasms; may reduce milk supply Anticonvulsants Depakote, Dilantin, Tegretol (avoid ethosuximide, phenobarbital, and primidone) Used for seizures and mood disorders Antihistamines Benadryl, Chlor-Trimeton May reduce milk supply and cause infant drowsiness or fussiness Antituberculars INH Used to treat tuberculosis Azathioprine Imuran Used to suppress the immune system following organ transplants Barbiturates (except phenobarbital) Fiorinal, Fioricet For sedation and tension headaches Bupropion Wellbutrin For depression Clindamycin Cleocin Used to treat abdominal and vaginal infections Oral Decongestants Sudafed, Entex PSE Used to treat congestion associated with colds or allergies; often reduces milk supply Ergonovine (short course) Used to treat uterine bleeding. May reduce milk supply. Fluconazole Diflucan Antifungal Gadolinium Magnevist, Omniscan Contrast agent for MRI studies Haloperidol Haldol Used to treat psychosis Histamine H2 blockers Cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), nizatadine (Axid), and famotidine (Pepcid — preferred) Used to treat stomach problems Hydrochlorothiazide (low doses) HydroDiuril Diuretic for high blood pressure Lorazepam Ativan Used to treat anxiety Methimazole Tapazole Used for hyperthyroidism; less than 20 mg/day is probably safe Metoclopramide Reglan Used for gastrointestinal problems and to increase milk supply Midazolam Sedative used in anesthesia Naproxen Naprosyn, Anaprox, Aleve Used for pain relief; okay if baby is at least 1 month old Oxazepam Serax Used to treat anxiety Paroxetine Paxil Used to treat depression Phenothiazines Compazine (anti-nausea), Stelazine, Thorazine (anti-psychotic) Propofol Diprivan Sedative used in anesthesia Propylthiouracil (PTU) Used to treat hyperthyroidism Quinidine Used to treat heartbeat irregularities Quinolone antibacterials Cipro and Levaquin; Noroxin is preferred Treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea Salicylates (occasional use) Aspirin Used for pain relief Sertraline Zoloft Used to treat depression Spironolactone Aldactone, Aldactazide Used to treat high blood pressure Sulfisoxazole Gantrisin Used to treat urinary tract infections Sumatriptan Imitrex Used to treat migraines Tetracyclines < 14 days tetracycline, doxycycline Used to treat acne and urinary tract infections Trazodone Used for depression and sleep Tricyclic antidepressants (avoid doxepin) Elavil, Tofranil, Pamelor Used to treat depression Verapamil Calan, Isoptin, Verelan Used for high blood pressure

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Definition

Calcium channel blockers are a class of medication used to treat high blood pressure.

Calcium channel blocker overdose occurs when someone accidentally or intentionally takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medication.

This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.

Poisonous Ingredient

The specific ingredients in each type of calcium channel blocker vary. However, the main ingredient is called a calcium channel antagonist. It helps decrease the heart's pumping strength, which relaxes your blood vessels.

Where Found
  • Amlodipine (Norvasc)
  • Bepridil (Vascor)
  • Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor)
  • Felodipine (Plendil)
  • Isradipine (DynaCirc)
  • Nicardipine (Cardene)
  • Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
  • Nimodipine (Nimotop)
  • Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan)

Note: This list may not be all-inclusive.

SymptomsHome Treatment

Do NOT make the person throw up unless told to do so by poison control or a health care provider.

Before Calling Emergency

Determine the following information:

  • Patient's age, weight, and condition
  • Name of the product (ingredients and strengths if known)
  • Time it was swallowed
  • Amount swallowed
Poison Control, or a local emergency number

The National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) can be called from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Take the container with you to the hospital, if possible.

See: Poison control center - emergency number

What to expect at the emergency room

The health care provider will measure and monitor your vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate. The patient may receive:

  • Activated charcoal
  • Breathing tube (artificial respiration)
  • EKG
  • Fluids through a vein (by IV)
  • Laxative
  • Medications to increase heart rate and blood pressure, and help reverse poisoning
  • Tube through the nose into the stomach to wash out the stomach (gastric lavage)
Expectations (prognosis)

Taking too much of this medication can be extremely dangerous. Death can occur, especially with verapamil. If your low heart rate and blood pressure can be corrected survival is likley. Survival depends on how much and what type of this medication you take along with how quickly you seek medical treatment.

References

Salhanick SD. Calcium channel antagonists. In: Shannon MW, Borron SW, Burns MJ, eds. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 59.

Murphy NG, Benowitz NL, Goldschlager N. Cardiovascular toxicology. In: Shannon MW, Borron SW, Burns MJ, eds. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 8.

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