James Henry Craig

For more information on Sir James Henry Craig, visit Britannica.com.

(b Hamilton, 8 March 1864; d Lenzie, nr Glasgow, 5 June 1946). Son of (1) Thomas Annan. He studied chemistry and natural philosophy before entering the family photographic business, T. & R. Annan. In 1883 he was sent to Vienna to learn the technique of 'heliogravure' or photogravure from KAREL KL?C, for which his father had acquired the British patent rights and in which he was to produce most of his best work. James Craig Annan received no formal artistic training but associated with contemporary Glasgow painters and etchers, including his friends Sir David Young Cameron (1865-1945), Muirhead Bone and William Strang, whose work, like his, was influenced by the graphic style of Whistler. In 1892 Annan and Cameron visited the Netherlands. On his return Annan produced photogravures (or 'monotones' as he called them), influenced by the Hague school and by Dutch 17th-century masters, such as Utrecht Pastoral (1892; see 1986 exh. cat., p. 39) and On a Dutch Shore (see M. Haworth-Booth, p. 170), both exhibited at the Annan Gallery at 230 Sauchiehall Street in Glasgow.

Part of the Annan family

See the Abbreviations for further details.

Edinburgh-born architect who achieved fame with his design for Edinburgh New Town (1766). In 1786 he published Plan for improving the City of Edinburgh. He was the architect of St James Square (1773—demolished), the Palladian Physicians' Hall, George Street (1775—demolished), and the Old Observatory, Calton Hill (1776–92).

Bibliography

• Colvin (1995)
• J. Craig (1786)
• Youngson (1966)

The full bibliography for this book is available to download as a pdf file.
Download the bibliography for A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (PDF: 1.2MB)

Annan, James Craig (1864-1946), Scottish photographer, son of Thomas, and at the turn of the 19th century an international figure in photography's battle for recognition as an art in its own right. His work was exhibited in Europe and the USA and widely reproduced in photographic journals. In 1894 he was elected to the Linked Ring. His article on the hand camera in Amateur Photographer of March 1896 was republished in France and Belgium and quoted by Stieglitz in the 1897 American Annual of Photography.

Annan specialized in the reproduction of works of art in the Glasgow family firm, T. & R. Annan, using the photogravure process he had learned from Karl Klič (Klietsch). He manipulated his own images on the photogravure plate before they were printed. The figures in his tiny Beach at Zandvoort (1892) almost resemble notes of music along a slanting line. He caught the slight movement of a white horse below Stirling Castle (1906), and the glance of The Etching Printer: William Strang (1902) assessing his etching plate. His portrait of C. R. Mackintosh has become the icon for the architect and designer. Anne Macbeth (c.1908) appears in full Glasgow style, her collar heavily embroidered with hearts and roses. About 1890 Annan made photogravures of Hill and Adamson calotypes, and by lending these to exhibitions and supplying prints to Camera Work he helped in the rediscovery of these early masterpieces.

— William Buchanan

Bibliography

• Buchanan, W., The Art of the Photographer J. Craig Annan (1992).
• Buchanan, W., J. Craig Annan: Selected Texts and Biblography (1994)

Craig, Maurice James (1919- ), poet and architectural historian. Born in Belfast and educated at Cambridge, he wrote The Volunteer Earl (1948), a life of Charlemont. Poetry collections include Black Swans (1941) and Some Way for Reason (1948). Along with Dublin 1660-1860 (1952), his architectural studies include Classic Irish Houses of the Middle Size (1976), Architecture of Ireland from the Earliest Times to 1880 (1982), and a life of James Gandon. He has also written on Irish Bookbindings 1600-1800 (1954).

For other persons named James Craig, see James Craig (disambiguation).

Sir James Henry Craig

General Sir James Henry Craig KB (Gibraltar 1748 – 12 January 1812 London) was a British military officer and colonial administrator.

Contents 1 Early life and military service 2 Service during the American War of Independence 3 Service during the Napoleonic Wars 4 Service in Canada 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Sources 8 Further reading 9 External links

Early life and military service

Craig came from a Scottish family whose father was a judge of the civil and military courts in the British fortress of Gibraltar. At the age of 15 in 1763 he was enrolled as an ensign in the 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot. Colonel Robert Boyd, the lieutenant governor of Gibraltar in 1770 endorced his promotion to an aide-de-camp which allowed him to later take command of a company in the 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot stationed in the American colonies.

Service during the American War of Independence

After the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1775, Craig took part in the battle of Bunker Hill, where he was badly wounded, but refused to leave his regiment, and participated in the defence of Quebec in 1776, where he met the American invaders at Trois-Rivières while commanding the advance guard that forced them back beyond the border. During 1777 he was wounded twice, once seriously, during engagements at Fort Ticonderoga, Hubbardton, and Freeman’s Farm. Major-General John Burgoyne, who expressed high regard for Craig as an officer, recommended him for the rank of a major in the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) in recognition of his service. From 1778 to 1781 Craig served with the 82nd regiment in Nova Scotia, at Penobscot, and later in North Carolina. Due to constant involvement in operations during the war, Craig usually led light infantry troops. His rapid promotion suggests possessing an unusual degree of initiative and resourcefulness by Craig.

Service during the Napoleonic Wars

After promotion to lieutenant-colonel in 1781, Craig became an adjutant general to the Duke of York in the 1794 Army of Netherlands, and then a major-general.

In 1795, the Netherlands fell under the revolutionary government of Napoleon's France, and Stadtholder Prince William V of Orange became a refugee in England. A British force under General Sir James Craig set out to Cape Town to secure the colony against the French. The Battle of Muizenberg successfully wrested control from William V of Orange to Britain.

In 1795 he served with Vice-Admiral Viscount Keith and Major-General Alured Clarke in occupying the Cape Colony from the Dutch Republic where he became governor of the new possession, and remained in that posting until 1797, for which he received the Order of the Bath. In the same year Craig sailed to Madras, and saw combat in the Bengal region of India for which he was again promoted to lieutenant-general in January 1801. Craig returned to England to serve for three years as the commander of the Eastern District.

In 1805, despite poor health, he was appointed to lead the Anglo-Russian invasion of Naples, but after a brief occupation, the mission was aborted after the news of Austrian defeat at the Battle of Ulm.^[1]

Service in Canada

Craig concurrently held the positions of Governor-General of the Canadas and lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada from 1807 to 1811.^[2] Craig considered measures such as creating English counties and replacing the legislative assembly with an appointed government as a means of increasing the power of English speakers in predominantly French Lower Canada. He also tried to encourage immigration from Britain and the United States in hopes of making the French a minority.

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Military offices
Preceded by Sir Alured Clarke	Commander-in-Chief, India 1801	Succeeded by Gerald Lake
Government offices
Preceded by Thomas Dunn	Governor General of British North America 1807–1811	Succeeded by Sir George Prevost

v • d • e Lieutenant-Governors of Quebec Post-Confederation (1867-present) Belleau | Caron | Saint-Just | Robitaille | Masson | Angers | Chapleau | Jetté | Pelletier | Langelier | Leblanc | Fitzpatrick | Brodeur | Pérodeau | Gouin | Carroll | Patenaude | Fiset | Fauteux | Gagnon | Comtois | Lapointe | Côté | Lamontagne | Asselin | Roux | Thibault | Duchesne Province of Canada (1841-1866)* Clitherow | Jackson | Bagot | Fernhill | Cathcart | Elgin | Head | Monck Lower Canada (1791-1841) Carleton (con't from 1791) | Prescott | Milnes | Dunn | Craig | Prevost | Drummond | Wilson | Sherbrooke | Richmond | Dalhousie | Aylmer | Gosford | Colborne | Durham | Sydenham British Province of Quebec (1759-1791)* Amherst | Murray | Carleton | Haldimand | Carleton (2nd Time) * The Crown's representative from 1759 to 1791, and from 1841 to 1866 held the office and rank of Governor-General

See also

• List of Governors General of Canada
• List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec
• Sir John Thomas Jones

Notes

1. ^ p.145, Flayhart
2. ^ p.5, Christie

Sources

• Flayhart III, William Henry, Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805-1806, New Perspectives on Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology series, University Press of Florida, Ft.Myers, 2004
• Christie, Robert, The Military and Naval Operations in the Canadas, During the Late War with the United States during the administration of the Colonial Government of Lower Canada, by Sir James Henry Craig and Sir George Prevost. From the year 1807 until the year 1815, Quebec printed, New-York re-printed by Oram and Mott, 1818 [1]

Further reading

External links

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

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