| Jammu | |
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| Coordinates | 32°44′N 74°52′E / 32.73°N 74.87°E |
| Country |  India |
| State | Jammu and Kashmir |
| District(s) | Jammu |
| Mayor | Kavinder Bhushan Gupta |
| Population | 378,431 (2001[update]) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
• 327 m (1,073 ft) |
Jammu 
pronunciation (help·info) (Dogri: जम्मू, Urdu: جموں) is the largest city in the Jammu region and the winter capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is a municipal corporation.[1]
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Geography
Jammu is located at 32°44′N 74°52′E / 32.73°N 74.87°E.[2] It has an average elevation of 327 m (1,073 ft). Jammu city is located between 74 degree 24' and 75 degree 18', East longitude and 32 degree 50' and 33 degree 30' North latitude. It is approximately 600 km away from the national capital, New Delhi and is linked with a National Highway, railway and airport. The airport is situated at Satwari.
History
Jammu has historically been the capital of Jammu Province and the winter capital of the erstwhile Kashmir State. There was a railway line that connected Jammu with Sialkot in Punjab a distance of 27 miles.[3] In 2000 to the consternation of many the railway station was demolished to make way for an art centre.[4]
Climate
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Imperial conversion
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Jammu, like the rest of north-western India has a continental climate, with summer highs reaching 41 °C (106 °F), and temperatures in the winter months regularly falling below freezing. June is the hottest month with average highs of 41 °C (106 °F), while January is the coldest month with average lows reaching 7 °C (45 °F). Average yearly precipitation is about 42 inches (1,100 mm) with the bulk of the rainfall in the months from June to October, although the winters can also be rather wet.
Transport
Railways
Jammu city has a station called Jammu tawi which is very well connected with the major cities of India such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune, Ahemedabad, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Patna, Lucknow, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Dehradun, Chandigarh, Amritsar and Guwahati by rail. It is an origination point for many Popular Express trains such as the Indore Junction BG (Indore) bound Malwa Express, Chennai bound Andaman Express, Madurai bound Himsagar Express, Ahemedabad bound Swaraj Express and so on. The Important trains originating through the station includes :
- 6031/6032 - Andaman Express
- 2919/2920 - Malwa Express
- 1069/1070 - Jhelum Express
- 1449/1450 - Jabalpur - Jammutawi Express between Jabalpur Junction (Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) and Jammu tawi.
Roadways
National Highway 1A which passes through Jammu connects it to the Kashmir valley.
Airways
Jammu Airport is located about 8 km from Jammu. It has direct flights to Srinagar, Delhi, Chandigarh, Leh and Mumbai.
Local Transport
The Kashmir Railway is being constructed to connect Jammu and the national rail network to the north of the state.
Administration
Jammu city serves as the winter capital of Jammu & Kashmir state from November to April when all the offices move from Srinagar to Jammu. Srinagar serves as the summer capital from May to October.[5] Jammu was a municipal committee during 2001 census of India. With effect from 5 September 2003, it has upgraded status of a municipal corporation.[6]
Demographics
As of 2001[update] India census,[7] Jammu had a population of 378,431. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jammu has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 64.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 74%. In Jammu, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
References
- ^ "Jammu Municipal Corporation (Homepage)". Official website of Jammu Municipal Corporation. http://jmc.nic.in/. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Jammu
- ^ Jammu Town - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 49.
- ^ Govt thinks of art, so a pre-Partition heritage must die
- ^ "Scheme for voting by postal ballot by a person holding any office under the Govt. and verified to be moving along with the headquarters of the Govt. from Kashmir Province to Jammu Province or vice-versa.". Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir. p. 1. http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/pdf/Moving_Emp.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-08. "...the State Govt. functions for six months (November to April) in the winter capital Jammu after which it moves to the summer capital Srinagar..."
- ^ "History of Jammu Municipal Corporation". Official website of Jammu Municipal Corporation. http://jmc.nic.in/jmc.html. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
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