Similar Albums:
- Artist: Janet Jackson
- Rating:
- Release Date: May 18, 1993
- Total Time: 69:39
- Type: Lyrics are included with the album
- Genre: Rhythm & Blues
Janet.
| Album Review: janet. |
| Wikipedia: Janet. |
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| Studio album by Janet Jackson | ||||
| Released | May 18, 1993 | |||
| Recorded | September 1992[1] - February 1993[2] at Flyte Tyme Studios, Edina, Minnesota |
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| Genre | R&B | |||
| Length | 75:48 | |||
| Label | Virgin | |||
| Producer | Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Janet Jackson, Jellybean Johnson | |||
| Professional reviews | ||||
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| Janet Jackson chronology | ||||
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| 2-Disc Limited Edition | ||||
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| Singles from janet. | ||||
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janet. is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson, released on May 18, 1993 by Virgin Records. Jackson shares co-writing and production credits with long-term collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, as well as Jellybean Johnson. The album was the first to be released under Jackson's new label, as she had departed from A&M Records for a then-unprecedented multi-million dollar contract with Virgin in 1991.
The album's title, "Janet, period.", is meant to disassociate the singer's public image from that of her family, essentially dropping the Jackson surname. While the singer had once garnered a reputation as an advocate for sexual abstinence with her 1986 single "Let's Wait Awhile", the theme of janet. is sexual intimacy. Though the album was considered to be less innovative than Jackson's previous efforts—Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989) and Control (1986)—critical reception was predominately positive. The album's music contains a softer, sensual tone compared to that of Jackson's previous albums, and because she took a greater role as producer, janet. has been credited as a truer testament of independence than Control.
janet. debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming Jackson's third consecutive album to top the chart. The album produced six top ten hits on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. "That's the Way Love Goes" won the 1994 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song and "Again"—featured on the soundtrack of Jackson's debut feature film Poetic Justice—garnered a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The supporting janet. Tour received critical acclaim for Jackson's elaborate stage performances. The Recording Industry Association of America has certified janet. 6× platinum and the album has sold over 20 million units worldwide.[5] janet. is listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the 200 Definitive Albums of All Time.[6]
Contents |
Conception
Jackson's previous album, Rhythm Nation 1814 was a musically groundbreaking production in the development of rhythm and blues, and its supporting tour the most successful debut tour by any recording artist.[7][8] However, the production, arrangement and overall sound was heavily directed by producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, similar to her breakthrough album Control. Since childhood, Jackson had always considered herself a sheltered and prudent individual, a character trait she retained throughout her artistic development on Control and Rhythm Nation 1814.[9]
It began with Control...But it wasn't easy. I come from a sheltered background. And then suddenly I'm off to Minneapolis, and these guys, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, are running around cursing like crazy. That made me so uncomfortable I wanted to go home—until I saw that they meant no harm or offense... I was this little prude. I was uptight. I knew I wanted control—I still believe in creative control—but I soon saw that I'd have to give in order to get: give myself over to a creative environment that was different and even a little dangerous from anything I'd ever known.[9]—Janet Jackson, Rolling Stone
Following the critical and commercial success of Rhythm Nation 1814, Jackson desired to reinvent her image yet again. Jackson's four album contract with A&M Records had expired and she signed a highly publicized multi-million dollar contract with Virgin Records—estimated between $32–50 million—becoming the highest paid female recording artist in contemporary music.[10][11][12][13] The contract was arranged between Jackson and Virgin Records owner Richard Branson.[14] Her new contract guaranteed a twenty-two percent royalty payment, in addition to her then-historic signing bonus.[14] Cliff Burnstein of Q-Prime management commented that recording artists demands for advances upon signing would begin to escalate from that point forward.[14] With a new recording label and a new album, Jackson made an effort to take greater creative control.[9] She considered it crucial to write all the lyrics for the album and coauthor all of the musical arrangements.[9] Following the production of Jackson's debut feature film Poetic Justice, Jackson expressed the experience changed her perception of sexuality.[9] The album's theme became the topic of Jackson's newfound sexual persona.
Sex isn't just fire and heat, its natural beauty. Doing what comes naturally. It's letting go, giving and getting what you need. In the age of AIDS, it certainly requires being responsible. On a psychological level, though, good sex, satisfying sex, is also linked with losing yourself, releasing, using your body to get out of your body. Well, for the first time, I'm feeling free. I love feeling deeply sexual—and don't mind letting the world know. For me, sex has become a celebration, a joyful part of the creative process.[9]—Janet Jackson, Rolling Stone
Virgin Records expressed the album title "punctuates the declaration of strength the singer, songwriter and producer boldly expresses on this moving collection of songs which explore love, sensuality, the power of sisterhood and her own evolving self-identity".[15] Jackson stated in an interview with USA Today's Edna Gundersen, "[c]ertain people feel I'm just riding on my last name...That's why I just put my first name on janet. and why I never asked my brothers to write or produce music for me".[16] Sal Cinquemani of Slant magazine recounted the title of the album, read "Janet, period.", "announced the singer as completely independent of her male-dominated family [and] it positioned her as the person in charge of her sound".[10][17]
Music
"That's The Way Love Goes" contains a sample loop of "Papa Don't Take No Mess" written by James Brown, Fred Wesley, Charles Bobbit, and John Starks.[18] The song "Again", was originally just an experimental sound the production duo was considering.[19] While Jackson found its melody compelling, the trio did not give the song serious contemplation until the film producers from Poetic Justice requested a ballad for the films soundtrack.[19] Jackson subsequently wrote the lyrics for "Again" and shaped them around Jam's melody.[19] The song was arranged by Lee Blaskey and accompanied by members of the Minnesota Orchestra and the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra.[19]
Release and promotion
Rolling Stone cover
In September 1993, Jackson appeared topless on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine with the hands of her then-husband René Elizondo, Jr. covering her breasts. The photograph is the original full-length version of the cropped image used on the cover of the janet. album, shot by Patrick Demarchelier.[20] In the cover story, "Sexual Healing" by David Ritz, Jackson explained, "sex has been an important part of me for several years. But it just hasn't blossomed publicly until now. I've had to go through some changes and shed some old attitudes before feeling completely comfortable with my body. Listening to my new record, people intuitively understand the change in me".[9] Ritz likened Jackson's transformation to Marvin Gaye as he stated, "[j]ust as Gaye moved from What's Going On to Let's Get It On, from the austere to the ecstatic, Janet, every bit as serious-minded as Marvin, moved from Rhythm Nation to janet., her statement of sexual liberation".[9]
The image was cropped to show only Jackson's face on the album cover, and midriff in the interior booklet. The full version appears as the cover of the limited edition double disc edition of the album, as well as the video compilation janet. released later that year. Sonia Murray of The Vancouver Sun later reported, "Jackson, 27, remains clearly established as both role model and sex symbol; the Rolling Stone photo of Jackson...became one of the most recognizable, and most lampooned, magazine covers of the year".[21]
Singles
"That's the Way Love Goes", the album's lead single entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number fourteen and peaked at number one.[22][23] The single was certified gold by the RIAA on November 12, 1993.[24] Virgin records intended for "If" to be the lead single for the album, but Jackson, Jam and Lewis disagreed.[18] "That's the Way Love Goes" remained at number one for eight weeks—the most successful chart performance of any member of the Jackson family.[18] The single earned a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song.[25] "If" was released as the album's second single and peaked at number four on the Hot 100, receiving gold certification on September 28, 1993.[23][26] "Again", peaked at number one on the Hot 100 on December 11, 1993 and topped the chart for two weeks.[19][23] The single was certified gold and then doubled to platinum by the RIAA on December 17, 1993.[27] The single earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.[28] "Because of Love" reached number ten, but was not certified by the RIAA.[23] "Any Time, Any Place" peaked at number two on the Hot 100 and was certified gold on July 11, 1994.[23][29] "You Want This", the album's final commercial single for the United States, peaked at number eight on the Hot 100 and was awarded gold certification on December 6, 1994.[23][30] The album has a hidden track, "Whoops Now", which was released as a single in selected territories in 1995.
Videography
Jackson's music video for "If" was staged as a futuristic Asian nightclub, with spy cameras monitoring the intimate interactions of patrons within their private boudoirs.[13] The video is an elaborate metaphor for the single's message of sexual fantasy, desire and voyeurism.[13] The video was directed by Dominic Sena, who previously worked with Jackson on music videos for Rhythm Nation 1814. René Elizondo, Jr. directed the videos for "That's The Way Love Goes", and "Again". Videos for "Any Time, Any Place" and "You Want This" were directed by Keir McFarlane.
janet. Tour
Main article: janet. Tour
Jackson embarked on her second world tour in support of her debut album with the Virgin Records label. Costumes and wardrobe for the tour were designed by stylist Tanya Gill, with outfits "rang[ing] from pipebone vests with high-heeled moccasin boots to zoot suits top-hats to circus-ringmaster bustiers."[31] With a show encompassing over 100 costumes, a team of over 50 costume makers was led by wardrobe supervisor, Helen Hiatt.[31] The tour's debut concert was held on November 24, 1993 in Cincinnati, Ohio.[32] Jackson held a four show engagement at Madison Square Garden which began on December 17, 1993, with the final performance held on New Year's Eve.[33] Michael Snyder of the San Francisco Chronicle described Jackson's stage performance at the San Jose Arena in February, 1994, as what erased the line between "stadium-size pop music concerts and full-scale theatrical extravaganzas".[34]
The one-hour-and-45-minute performance was so tightly choreographed—down to two built-in pauses for "tears" at overwhelming waves of crowd adoration and a contrived bit of seductive repartee with a handsome, buffed hunk plucked from the front row for the ode to lust, "Any Time, Any Place"—that it breezed by like a glitzy Vegas revue or a television variety show.[34]—Michael Snyder, San Francisco Chronicle
Her performances also garnered criticism. Renee Graham of the Boston Globe commented that her stage show at Great Woods Center for the Performing Arts on June 20, 1994, proved her limited vocal range as "[t]he numerous costume changes, pyrotechnics and the dancing all but overshadowed her razor-sharp seven-piece band and three back-up singers", asserting Jackson was a better performer and entertainer than she was a vocalist.[35] However, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch's Steve Pick observed Jackson's stage show at the Riverport Amphitheatre on July 12, 1994, made the janet. album's numerous hit singles more effective with her "larger-than-life stage persona".[36]
Reception
Commercial performance
janet. debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, with the largest first week sales in history for a female artist at the time with 350,000 units sold in its first week. [37][38] The album was first certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on August 8, 1993 denoting 500,000 units shipped within the United States.[39] The same day, the album's certification was raised to 3× platinum, denoting 3,000,000 units shipped.[39] On November 17, 1993, janet. received 4× platinum certification and was later awarded 5× platinum on December 17, 1993.[39] The following year on April 12, 1994, the album was certified 6× platinum.[39] janet. has sold 7,005,000 million copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.[40] The album has sold over 20 million global sales.[5]
Critical response
Upon the album's debut, Robert Johnson of San Antonio Express-News praised Jackson and her producers for taking a chance on a new sound.[3] Johnson stated the album ranges from "dreamy and sensual" with "That's the Way Love Goes," and "The Body That Loves You", to "downright erotic" with "Throb".[3] He commented, "[janet.] isn't perfect, but it should be enough to make her the Queen of Pop".[3] A review by NME called janet. a "bold, slick plaything", citing it as "good an album as any Jackson has made".[41] Rolling Stone magazine described Jackson's choice to demand dignity from her partner in exploring her sexuality a "victory", as "Jackson evades reductive sexuality by demanding love and respect from both her partner and herself".[42] Musically, janet. is considered to be fully diversified, despite its lack of groundbreaking production.[42]
As princess of America's black royal family, everything Janet Jackson does is important. Whether proclaiming herself in charge of her life, as she did on Control (1986), or commander in chief of a rhythm army dancing to fight society's problems (Rhythm Nation 1814, from 1989), she's influential. And when she announces her sexual maturity, as she does on her new album, Janet., it's a cultural moment.[42]—Rolling Stone
David Browne of Entertainment Weekly commented "Janet Jackson exudes both an unaffected grace and a cunning sense of calculation," but criticized the album for being over-produced as "her wispy voice is often smothered by her two male producers," and regarded janet. as a "blatant rip-off of the club-beat style of Madonna's Erotica.[43] Browne went on to comment "Mostly, though, janet. sounds like a mess-period."[43] Time magazine's Jay Cocks said although the album came off strong, it was tame under his observation, "as if Jackson, aware that this was her premier effort under a new, $40 million record deal, felt weighed down by the burden of proving herself".[44] However, he also commented that the 1960s-style "What'll I Do" validates that Jackson had nothing to prove.[44] Ultimately, Cocks critiques the album as "only sporadically deliver[ing]...a good sexy time".[44]
Jon Pareles of The New York Times claim's Jackson's strength is her ability to top "dance-club rhythms with pop melodies" and suggests "[t]he album's not about being real; it's about seamlessness and ingenuity, about giving the public something it can use."[45] Los Angeles Times Chris Willman gave an unfavorable review, stating "Jackson's first album in four years is destined for a long ride at No. 1, not because it's any great piece of work, but largely for its aphrodisiacal aspirations."[46] Steve Pick of St. Louis Post-Dispatch stated that although janet. "is not quite as consistent as "Control," when Jackson, Jam and Lewis are on, they prove to be as potent as popmeisters can be these days."[47] Picks adds that Jackson may not be the greatest singer or songwriter, but she has nonetheless "created and projected a persona that is irresistible. Part of it is a sexual allure, but more of it is the way she demands and receives attention."[47] The Vancouver Sun's John Mackie reported the album gives Jackson an "incredible style", proclaiming janet. as "the best commercial album so far this year, an album that could well vault her past the stumbling Madonna as Queen of the charts. Hey, she might even outsell Michael with this one."[4]
Contemporary reviews have continued to find the album predominately favorable. Alex Henderson of Allmusic affirms that janet. has several strong points such as the "hypnotic" "That's the Way Love Goes", even though the album did not surpass the crowning achievements of Rhythm Nation 1814 and Control.[48] According to Henderson, "despite its shortcomings, janet. is a welcome addition to [Jackson's] catalog".[48] Slant magazine's Sal Cinquemani expressed that janet. is Jackson's greatest assertion of independence, as she take control of her sound and the album is "effectively softened" compared to Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis' Prince-inspired production values of Rhythm Nation 1814 and Control.[17] Cinquemani comments that while much of the album's lyrical content regarding sex is only implied, "If Rhythm Nation's deflowering "Someday Is Tonight" was the answer to the chastity anthem "Let's Wait Awhile," janet. found her ready, able, and willing to do it any time, any place".[17] Cinquemani regards "Any Time, Any Place" as the album's true accomplishment as "Janet's vocals reaching a fervent and authentic pitch..."[17]
Track listing
- "Morning" – 0:31
- "That's the Way Love Goes" (Janet Jackson, James Harris III, Terry Lewis) – 4:25
- "You Know..." – 0:12
- "You Want This" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 5:05
- "Be a Good Boy" – 0:07
- "If" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 4:31
- "Back" – 0:04
- "This Time" (featuring soprano by Kathleen Battle) (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 6:58
- "Go on Miss Janet" – 0:05
- "Throb" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 4:35
- "What'll I Do" (Jackson, Steve Cropper, Joe Shamwell) – 4:05
- "The Lounge" – 0:15
- "Funky Big Band" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 5:22
- "Racism" – 0:08
- "New Agenda" (featuring rap by Chuck D) (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 4:00
- "Love Pt. 2" – 0:11
- "Because of Love" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 4:20
- "Wind" – 0:11
- "Again" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 3:47
- "Another Lover" – 0:11
- "Where Are You Now" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 5:47
- "Hold on Baby" – 0:10
- "The Body That Loves You" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 5:33
- "Rain" – 0:18
- "Any Time, Any Place" (Jackson, Harris, Lewis) – 7:08
- "Are You Still Up" – 1:36
- "Sweet Dreams"/"Whoops Now" (Jackson) – 5:33
Bonuses
- UK edition
- "Sweet Dreams" – 0:14
- "Whoops Now" – 5:17
On the packaging, "Whoops Now" is listed 5:17 because it is actually still hidden and includes 18 seconds of silence after the interlude "Sweet Dreams". Excluding the eighteen seconds of silence, the actual audio of the song is 4:59.
- Australian "Oz Tour Limited Edition" Bonus Disc
- "One More Chance" - 5:54
- "Again" (Piano/Vocal) - 3:48
- "And On And On" - 4:49
- "70's Love Groove" - 5:45
- "Throb" (David Morales Legendary Club Mix) - 9:00
- Limited edition bonus disc
This limited edition release is a two-disc set housed in a forty-page hardcover book with lyrics and rare color pictures.
- "That's the Way Love Goes/If" (Live at the 1993 MTV VMAs) – 5:48
- "That's the Way Love Goes" (We Aimsta Win Mix) – 5:41
- "Again" (French Version) – 3:53
- "If" (Brothers in Rhythm Swing Yo Pants Mix) – 6:20
- "One More Chance" (Randy Jackson) – 5:54
- "That's the Way Love Goes" (CJ Mackintosh R&B Mix) – 6:19
- "If" (Todd Terry Janet's Jeep Mix) – 6:27
- "Again" (Piano/Vocal) – 3:48
B-sides
- "One More Chance" (B-side to "If") (cover of the song written by her brother Randy, originally sung by The Jacksons and featured on the "Victory" album) – 5:54
- "And on and On" (B-side to "Any Time, Any Place") – 4:50
- "70's Love Groove" (B-side to "You Want This") – 5:47
Personnel
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Charts
| Charts[49] | Provider(s) | Peak Position |
Certification | Sales/Shipments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australian ARIA Albums Chart | ARIA | 1 | 2x Platinum | 140,000 |
| Austrian Albums Chart | IFPI | 7 | ||
| Canadian Albums Chart | CRIA/Nielsen SoundScan | N/A | 3× platinum[50] | 300,000 |
| Dutch Albums Chart | NVPI/Megacharts | 4 | Gold[51] | 50,000 |
| French Albums Chart | SNEP | 16 | Gold[52] | 200,000 |
| German Albums Chart | IFPI/Media Control | 5 | Gold[53] | 250,000 |
| New Zealand RIANZ Albums Chart | RIANZ | 1 | Platinum | 15,000 |
| Norwegian Albums Chart | IFPI/VG Nett | 11 | Gold[54] | 20,000 |
| South East Asia | — | — | — | 400,000[55] |
| Swedish Albums Chart | IFPI/GLF | 5 | Gold[56] | 30,000 |
| Swiss Albums Chart | IFPI | 10 | Gold[57] | 25,000 |
| UK Albums Chart | BPI/OCC | 1 | 2× platinum[58] | 600,000 |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | RIAA/Billboard | 1 | 6 platinum[39] | 7 million^ |
| U.S. Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | ||||
| Worldwide | — | — | — | 20 million[59] |
Notes:
^ I As of March 2009, the album has sold 7,005,000 copies in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan,[40] with additional 860,000 sold at BMG Music Clubs.[60] Nielsen SoundScan does not count albums sold through clubs like the BMG Music Service, which were significantly popular in the 1990s.[61]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=KC&p_theme=kc&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF3E200AF36C1A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
- ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/102814315.html?dids=102814315:102814315&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+11%2C+1993&author=By+Doug+Vaughan+and+Anthony+Scaduto&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=INSIDE+NEW+YORK&pqatl=google
- ^ a b c d Johnson, Robert (1993-05-28), "Jackson delivers under pressure with "janet."", San Antonio Express-News
- ^ a b Mackie, John; Armstrong, John; Andrews, Marke; Dykk, Lloyd (1993-05-27), "Move over, Madonna: Janet Jackson issues dirty disc and vies for throne of pop's ruling sex siren", The Vancouver Sun: F.8, ISSN 08321299
- ^ a b Janet Jackson's Greatest Hits Celebrated on Number Ones, Universal Music Enterprises: PR Newswire, 2009-10-14, http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/janet-jacksons-greatest-hits-celebrated-on-number-ones-64079852.html, retrieved 2009-10-14
- ^ "Definitive 200". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/definitive-200. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
- ^ Ripani, Richard J. (2006). The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999. Univ. Press of Mississippi. pp. 152–153. ISBN 1578068622. http://books.google.com/books?id=fFno4HDB7uYC.
- ^ Sonder, Mark (2003-12-18). "Janet Jackson to perform at halftime show". Mark Sonder Productions. http://www.marksonderproductions.com/headline/JanetJackson.html. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ritz, David (1993-09-16), "Sexual healing", Rolling Stone (665): 38, ISSN 0035791X
- ^ a b Pareles, Jon (1993-05-23), "Recordings View; A Sex object By the Name Of Jackson.", Academic Search Premier (New York Times): 32, ISSN 03624331, https://libris.mtsac.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30233179&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
- ^ Wild, David (1993-05-27), "Jackson's Double Play", Academic Search Premier (Rolling Stone) (657): 18, ISSN 0035791X, http://libris.mtsac.edu:2279/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=2&sid=65ce66de-9386-460d-87a2-6d6b1851c49a%40sessionmgr9
- ^ Norment, Lynn (September 1993), "Janet Jackson", Academic Search Premier (Ebony) 48 (11): 36, ISSN 00129011, http://libris.mtsac.edu:2279/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=14&sid=99cc4726-444a-4d72-95d8-f596e5e80e46%40sessionmgr3
- ^ a b c Hilburn, Robert (1994-06-27), "I Think I've Finally Grown Up", Newsday: 10
- ^ a b c Goldberg, M. (1991-05-02), "The Jacksons score big", Academic Search Premier (Rolling Stone): 32, ISSN 0035791X, https://libris.mtsac.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9104291442&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
- ^ Kot, Greg (1994-05-17), "Be sure to call it `janet.' The title of Jackson's latest is only the first affectation", Chicago Tribune: 1
- ^ Gundersen, Edna (1994-02-18), "All About Janet", USA Today: 1
- ^ a b c d Cinquemani, Sal (1993-05-21). "Slant Magazine Music Review: Janet Jackson: janet.". Slant. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=1288. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ a b c Halstead, Craig; Chris Cadman (2003). Jacksons Number Ones. Authors On Line. p. 118. ISBN 0755200985. http://books.google.com/books?id=tynOwh1E_GAC.
- ^ a b c d e Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. Billboard Books. ISBN 0823076776. http://books.google.com/books?id=PgGqNrqfrsoC.
- ^ "Janet Jackson". Rolling Stone. 2004-09-30. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6478137/janet_jackson. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
- ^ Murray, Sonia (1994-02-03), "Janet: The Queen of Pop: Michael could lose his crown to his hot little sister", The Vancouver Sun: C1, ISSN 08321299
- ^ Bronson, Fred (1994-08-27), "`I'll Make Love' comes quickly to no. 1.", Academic Search Premier (Rolling Stone) 106 (35): 135, ISSN 00062510, http://libris.mtsac.edu:2279/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=14&sid=e38ed900-47d3-4741-844c-43af72955f17%40SRCSM1
- ^ a b c d e f "janet. > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. 2006. http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:kbfpxq9gldke~T31. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ "That's the Way Love Goes". Recording Industry Association of America. 1993-11-12. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=What%20Have%20You%20Done%20for%20Me%20Lately&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ "janet. > Charts & Awards > Grammy Awards". Allmusic. 2006. http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:kbfpxq9gldke~T32. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "If". Recording Industry Association of America. 1993-09-28. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=If&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=SINGLE&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ "Again". Recording Industry Association of America. 1993-12-17. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=Again&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=SINGLE&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ Biddle, Frederic M. (1994-03-22), "Fashion and fame team on Oscar night", The Boston Globe: 61
- ^ "Any Time, Any Place". Recording Industry Association of America. 1994-07-11. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=Any%20Time,%20Any%20Place&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=SINGLE&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ "You Want This". Recording Industry Association of America. 1994-12-06. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=You%20Want%20This&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=SINGLE&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ a b McHugh, Catherine (1994-08-01), "Janet. (Janet Jackson)(Concerts - Costumes)", Theatre Crafts International 28: 36, ISSN 10639497
- ^ "Music features: In The Works Action Jackson", Entertainment Weekly: 69, 1993-11-05
- ^ Jackson, Nathan; Flaim, Denise; Robbins, Ira (1993-12-17), "Janet Jackson Plays The Garden A Good Weekend For Movin' and Groovin'", Newsday: 108
- ^ a b Snyder, Michael (1994-02-18), "Janet Jackson Makes All The Right Moves / Singer brings extravaganza to San Jose", San Francisco Chronicle: C1
- ^ Graham, Renee (1994-06-20), "Janet Jackson: looks good, sounds bad", Boston Globe: 34
- ^ Pick, Steve (1994-07-12), "Janet Jackson Offers Hits, Larger-Than-Life Persona", St. Louis Post-Dispatch: 6d
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=xwsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3&vq=janet+jackson&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_0#PPA106,M1
- ^ "janet.". Billboard charts. Allmusic. 2006. http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:kbfpxq9gldke~T3. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ a b c d e "janet.". Recording Industry Association of America. 1993. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=Janet&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ a b Gary Trust (March 20, 2009). "Ask Billboard". Billboard magazine. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/ask-bb/ask-billboard-janet-jackson-frankie-goes-1003953709.story. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
- ^ "Tower.com: Janet (CD) : Review". New Musical Express. 1993-05-29. http://www.tower.com/janet-jackson-cd/wapi/106716909. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ^ a b c "Janet: Janet Jackson: Review: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. 1993-06-24. http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/182126/review/6067467/janet. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ a b Browne, David (1993-05-21). "janet. Music Review". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306636,00.html. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ a b c Cocks, Jay (1993-06-07), "Reviews Music: Souls on Ice", Time: 68
- ^ Pareles, Jon (1993-05-23), "Recordings View; A Sex Object By the Name Of Jackson", The New York Times: A.32, ISSN 03624331
- ^ Willman, Chirs (1993-05-16), "Heavy Breathing as a Career Move", Los Angeles Times: 55, ISSN 04583035
- ^ a b Pick, Steve (1993-05-28), "Sex, Love (And Success) From Janet Jackson", St. Louis Post-Dispatch: 4.E
- ^ a b Henderson, Eric (2008). "janet. > Review". Allmusic. http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:kbfpxq9gldke~T1. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ Swiss Charts (1993). "European charts". swisscharts.com. http://www.swisscharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Janet+Jackson&titel=Janet%2E&cat=a. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ Canadian Recording Industry Association (June 14, 1994). "Canadian certification". bpi.co.uk. http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ NVPI. "Dutch certification". nvpi.nl. http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique (1995). "French certification". chartsinfrance.net. http://www.chartsinfrance.net/certifications/artiste-175.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-04.
- ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Germany (1993). "German certification". musikindustrie.de. http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Janet.. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Norway (1994). "Norwegian certification". ifpi.no. http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ Levis, Mike: Asia Pacific: The Media at Large, page 68. Billboard magazine (May 20, 1995).
- ^ International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Sweden. "Norwegian certification" (PDF). ifpi.se. http://www.ifpi.se/wp-content/uploads/guld-platina-1987-1998.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ HitParade. "Swiss certification". hitparade.ch. http://hitparade.ch/awards.asp?year=1993. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ British Phonographic Industry (October 24, 2009). "U.K. certification". bpi.co.uk. http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=27779. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/22/2143685.htm
- ^ Barry David (February 18, 2003). "Shania, Backstreet, Britney, Eminem and Janet Top All-Time Sellers". mi2n.com. http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=47877. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ^ Keith Caulfield (January 25, 2008). "Ask Billboard". Billboard magazine. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003702049. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
References
- Bronson, Fred. The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0823076776
- Halstead, Craig. Cadman, Chris. Jacksons Number Ones. Authors On Line, 2003. ISBN 0755200985
- Ripani, Richard J. The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2006. ISBN 1578068622
External links
| Preceded by Automatic for the People by R.E.M. |
UK Albums Chart number-one album May 29, 1993 – June 5, 1993 |
Succeeded by No Limits by 2 Unlimited |
| Preceded by The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album by various artists |
U.S. Billboard 200 number-one album June 5, 1993 – July 10, 1993 |
Succeeded by Back to Broadway by Barbra Streisand |
| Preceded by Pocket Full of Kryptonite by Spin Doctors Smash by The Offspring |
Australian ARIA Albums Chart number-one album June 20, 1993 – July 4, 1993 February 26, 1995 - March 5, 1995 |
Succeeded by Led Zeppelin Remasters by Led Zeppelin Hi Fi Way by You Am I |
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