January 1

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.

During the Middle Ages under the influence of the Christian Church, many countries moved the start of the year to one of several important Christian festivals — December 25 (the Nativity of Jesus), March 1, March 25 (the Annunciation), or even Easter. Eastern European countries (most of them with populations showing allegiance to the Orthodox Church) began their numbered year on September 1 from about 988.

In England, January 1 was celebrated as the New Year festival, but from the 12th century to 1752 the year in England began on March 25 (Lady Day). So, for example, the Parliamentary record records the execution of Charles I occurring in 1648 (as the year did not end until March 24), although modern histories adjust the start of the year to January 1 and record the execution as occurring in 1649.

Most western European countries changed the start of the year to January 1 before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to January 1 in 1600. England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to January 1 in 1752. Later that year in September, the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies. These two reforms were implemented by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750.

January 1 became the official start of the year as follows:

• 1522 The Republic of Venice
• 1544 Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
• 1556 Spain, Portugal
• 1559 Prussia, Sweden
• 1564 France
• 1576 Southern Netherlands
• 1579 Lorraine
• 1583 United Provinces of the Netherlands (northern)
• 1600 Scotland
• 1700 Russia
• 1721 Tuscany
• 1752 Great Britain (excluding Scotland) and its colonies

Events

• 153 BC – Roman consuls begin their year in office.
• 45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect for the first time.
• 42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar
• 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
• 193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.
• 404 – An infuriated Roman mob tears Telemachus, a Christian monk, to pieces for trying to stop a gladiators' fight in the public arena held in Rome.
• 414 – Galla Placidia, half-sister of Emperor Honorius, is married to the Visigothic king Ataulf at Narbonne. The wedding is celebrated with Roman festivities and magnificent gifts from the Gothic booty.
• 417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his famous general (magister militum).
• 1001 – Grand Prince Stephen I of Hungary is named the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II.
• 1259 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is proclaimed co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea with his ward John IV Laskaris.
• 1438 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.
• 1502 – The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro is first explored by the Portuguese.
• 1515 – King Francis I of France succeeds to the French throne.
• 1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as king of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin.
• 1600 – Scotland begins its numbered year on January 1 instead of March 25.
• 1651 – Charles II is crowned King of Scotland.
• 1700 – Russia begins using the Anno Domini era and no longer uses the Anno Mundi era of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1707 – John V is crowned King of Portugal.
• 1739 – Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.
• 1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which can be used in 90 European cities, go on sale in London, England, Great Britain.
• 1773 – The hymn that became known as "Amazing Grace", then titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17" is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton in the town of Olney, England.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Norfolk, Virginia is burned by combined Royal Navy and Continental Army action.
• 1781 – American Revolutionary War: 1,500 soldiers of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment under General Anthony Wayne's command rebel against the Continental Army's winter camp in Morristown, New Jersey in the Pennsylvania Line Mutiny of 1781.
• 1788 – First edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.
• 1800 – The Dutch East India Company is dissolved.
• 1801 – The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1801 – The dwarf planet Ceres is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.
• 1803 – Emperor Gia Long orders all bronze wares of the Tây Sơn Dynasty to be collected and melted into nine cannons for the Royal Citadel in Huế, Vietnam.
• 1804 – French rule ends in Haiti. Haiti becomes the first black republic and second independent country in North America after the United States
• 1806 – The French Republican Calendar is abolished.
• 1808 – The importation of slaves into the United States is banned.
• 1810 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie CB officially becomes Governor of New South Wales
• 1812 – The Bishop of Durham, Shute Barrington, orders troops from Durham Castle to break up a miners strike in Chester-le-Street, Co. Durham
• 1822 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.
• 1833 – The United Kingdom claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.
• 1845 – The Cobble Hill Tunnel in Brooklyn is completed.
• 1847 – The world's first "Mercy" Hospital is founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania by the Sisters of Mercy, the name will go on to grace over 30 major hospitals throughout the world.
• 1860 – First Polish stamp is issued.
• 1861 – Porfirio Díaz conquers Mexico City.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.
• 1863 – The first claim under the Homestead Act is made by Daniel Freeman for a farm in Nebraska.
• 1873 – Japan begins using the Gregorian calendar.
• 1877 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India.
• 1880 – Ferdinand de Lesseps begins French construction of the Panama Canal.
• 1885 – Twenty-five nations adopt Sandford Fleming's proposal for standard time (and also, time zones)
• 1890 – Eritrea is consolidated into a colony by the Italian government.
• 1890 – The Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California, is first held.
• 1892 – Ellis Island opens to begin processing immigrants into the United States.
• 1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal, England, is officially opened to traffic.
• 1898 – New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.
• 1899 – Spanish rule ends in Cuba.
• 1901 – Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
• 1901 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.
• 1902 – The first American college football bowl game, the Rose Bowl between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California.
• 1906 – British India officially adopts the Indian Standard Time.
• 1908 – For the first time, a ball is dropped in New York, New York's Times Square to signify the start of the New Year at midnight.
• 1909 – Drilling begins on the Lakeview Gusher.
• 1910 – Captain David Beatty is promoted to Rear Admiral, and becomes the youngest admiral in the Royal Navy (except for Royal family members), since Horatio Nelson.
• 1911 – Northern Territory is separated from South Australia and transferred to Commonwealth control.
• 1912 – The Republic of China is established.
• 1913 – The British Board of Censors is established.
• 1916 – German troops abandon Yaoundé and their Kamerun colony to British forces and begin the long march to Spanish Guinea.
• 1920 – The Belorussian Communist Organisation is founded as a separate party.
• 1923 – Britain's Railways are grouped into the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, and LMS.
• 1927 – Turkey adopts the Gregorian calendar: December 18, 1926 (Julian), is immediately followed by January 1, 1927 (Gregorian).
• 1928 – Boris Bazhanov defects through Iran. He is the only assistant of Joseph Stalin's secretariat to have defected from the Eastern Bloc.
• 1929 – The former municipalities of Point Grey, British Columbia and South Vancouver, British Columbia are amalgamated into Vancouver.
• 1932 – The United States Post Office Department issues a set of 12 stamps commemorating the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.
• 1934 – Alcatraz Island becomes a United States federal prison.
• 1934 – Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring".
• 1937 – Safety glass in vehicle windscreens becomes mandatory in the United Kingdom.
• 1939 – Sydney, Australia, swelters in 45 ˚C (113 ˚F) heat, a record for the city.
• 1942 – The Declaration by United Nations is signed by twenty-six nations.
• 1945 – World War II: In retaliation for the Malmedy massacre, U.S. troops massacre 30 SS prisoners at Chenogne.
• 1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte, a massive, but failed attempt to knock out Allied air power in northern Europe in a single blow.
• 1945 – World War II: Operation Nordwind, the last major German offensive on the Western Front begins.
• 1947 – The American and British occupation zones in Germany, after World War II, merge to form the Bizone, that later became West Germany.
• 1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 comes into effect, converting British subjects into Canadian citizens. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first Canadian citizen.
• 1948 – The British railway network is nationalised to form British Railways.
• 1948 – The Constitution of Italy comes into force.
• 1949 – United Nations cease-fire takes effect in Kashmir from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan stops accordingly.
• 1954 – NBC makes the first coast-to-coast NTSC color broadcast when it telecast the Tournament of Roses Parade, with public demonstrations given across the United States on prototype color receivers.
• 1956 – Sudan achieves independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom.
• 1956 – A new year event causes panic and stampedes at Yahiko Shrine, Yahiko, Niigata, Japan, killing at least 124 people.
• 1957 – George Town, Penang becomes a city by a royal charter granted by Queen Elizabeth II.
• 1957 – An Irish Republican Army (IRA) unit attacks Brookeborough RUC barracks in one of the most famous incidents of the IRA's Operation Harvest.
• 1958 – The European Economic Community is established.
• 1959 – Fulgencio Batista, dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces during the Cuban Revolution.
• 1960 – Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.
• 1962 – Western Samoa achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.
• 1962 – United States Navy SEALs established.
• 1964 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.
• 1965 – The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is founded in Kabul, Afghanistan.
• 1966 – A twelve-day New York City transit strike begins.
• 1966 – After a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa assumes power as president of the Central African Republic.
• 1970 – Unix time begins at 00:00:00 UTC/GMT.
• 1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
• 1973 – Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Ireland are admitted into the European Community.
• 1978 – Air India Flight 855 Boeing 747 crashes into the sea, due to instrument failure and pilot disorientation, off the coast of Bombay, India, killing 213.
• 1978 – The Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands becomes effective.
• 1979 – Formal diplomatic relations are established between the China and the United States.
• 1980 – Victoria is crowned princess of Sweden.
• 1981 – Greece is admitted into the European Community.
• 1981 – Palau achieves self-government though it is not independent from the United States.
• 1982 – Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes the first Latin American to hold the title of Secretary-General of the United Nations.
• 1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet.
• 1984 – The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 United States Department of Justice antitrust suit against AT&T.
• 1984 – Brunei becomes independent of the United Kingdom.
• 1985 – The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
• 1985 – The first British mobile phone call is made by Ernie Wise to Vodafone.
• 1986 – Aruba becomes independent of Curaçao, though it remains in free association with the Netherlands.
• 1986 – Spain and Portugal are admitted into the European Community.
• 1988 – The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.
• 1989 – The Montreal Protocol Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer comes into force.
• 1990 – David Dinkins is sworn in as New York City's first black mayor.
• 1992 – Russia is officially formed.
• 1993 – Dissolution of Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia is divided into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
• 1993 – A single market within the European Community is introduced.
• 1994 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican State of Chiapas.
• 1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement comes into effect.
• 1995 – The World Trade Organization goes into effect.
• 1995 – Sweden, Austria, and Finland are admitted into the European Union.
• 1995 – The Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe becomes the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
• 1995 – The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves.
• 1996 – Curaçao gains limited self-government, though it remains within free association with the Netherlands.
• 1997 – Zaire officially joins the World Trade Organization.
• 1997 – Ghanaian diplomat Kofi Annan is appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations.
• 1998 – Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.
• 1998 – The European Central Bank is established.
• 1999 – The Euro currency is introduced in 11 countries - members of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden).
• 2002 – Euro banknotes and coins become legal tender in twelve of the European Union's member states.
• 2002 – Taiwan officially joins the World Trade Organization, as Chinese Taipei.
• 2002 – The Open Skies mutual surveillance treaty, initially signed in 1992, officially comes into force.
• 2004 – In a vote of confidence, General Pervez Musharraf wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the Electoral College of Pakistan, and according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, is "deemed to be elected" to the office of President until October 2007.
• 2007 – Bulgaria and Romania officially join the European Union. Also, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Irish become official languages of the European Union, joining 20 other official languages.
• 2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 disappears over Indonesia with 102 people on board.
• 2008 – Malta and Cyprus officially adopt the Euro currency and become the fourteenth and fifteenth Eurozone countries.
• 2009 – 66 die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.
• 2010 – A suicide car bomber detonates at a volleyball tournament in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.
• 2011 – Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the seventeenth eurozone country.
• 2012 – Kim Jong-un is officially declared the new Supreme Leader of North Korea.

Births

• 766 – Ali al-Rida, Shia Imam (d. 818)
• 871 – King Zwentibold of Lotharingia (d. 900)
• 1431 – Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)
• 1449 – Lorenzo de' Medici (d. 1492)
• 1467 – King Sigismund I the Old of Poland (d. 1548)
• 1484 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss religious figure (d. 1531)
• 1511 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall (d. 1511)
• 1516 – Margaret Leijonhufvud, Queen of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1551)
• 1557 – Prince István Bocskay of Transylvania (d. 1606)
• 1600 – Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian (d. 1649)
• 1614 – John Wilkins, English Bishop of Chester (d. 1672)
• 1618 – Bartolomé Estéban Murillo, Spanish painter (baptism) (d. 1682)
• 1628 – Christoph Bernhard, German composer (d. 1692)
• 1638 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685)
• 1648 – Elkanah Settle, English writer (d. 1724)
• 1655 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist (d. 1728)
• 1684 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1748)
• 1704 – Soame Jenyns, English writer (d. 1787)
• 1709 – Johann Heinrich Hartmann Bätz, German-Dutch organ builder (d. 1770)
• 1711 – Franz Freiherr von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (d. 1749)
• 1714 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian poet (d. 1780)
• 1714 – Giovanni Battista Mancini, Italian soprano castrato, voice teacher, and author of books on singing (d. 1800)
• 1735 – Paul Revere, American patriot (d. 1818)
• 1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and statesman (d. 1796)
• 1750 – Frederick Muhlenberg, American statesman and 1st and 3rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1801)
• 1752 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress (d. 1836)
• 1767 – Maria Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish novelist (d. 1849)
• 1774 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (d. 1860)
• 1779 – William Clowes, English printer (d. 1847)
• 1803 – Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician (d. 1869)
• 1814 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (d. 1864)
• 1819 – Arthur Hugh Clough, English poet (d. 1861)
• 1823 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet and revolutionary (d. 1849)
• 1833 – Robert Lawson, New Zealand architect (d. 1902)
• 1834 – Ludovic Halévy, French playwright (d. 1908)
• 1848 – John Goff, Irish lawyer (d. 1924)
• 1852 – Eugène-Anatole Demarçay, French chemist (d. 1904)
• 1854 – Sir James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist (d. 1941)
• 1859 – Thibaw Min, King of Burma (d. 1916)
• 1860 – John Cassidy, Irish sculptor and painter (d. 1939)
• 1860 – Dan Katchongva, Native American leader (d. 1972)
• 1860 – Michele Lega, Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1935)
• 1860 – Dirk van Erp, Dutch American coppersmith (d. 1933)
• 1860 – Jan Vilímek, Czech illustrator and painter (d. 1938)
• 1863 – Pierre de Coubertin, French aristocrat and founder of the modern Olympic Games (d. 1937)
• 1864 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (d. 1957)
• 1864 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (d. 1946)
• 1867 – Lew Fields, American vaudeville performer (d. 1941)
• 1868 – Snitz Edwards, American actor (d. 1937)
• 1873 – Mariano Azuela, Mexican novelist (d. 1952)
• 1874 – Frank Knox, American journalist and 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1944)
• 1874 – Gustave Whitehead, German inventor (d. 1927)
• 1876 – Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist (d. 1933)
• 1878 – Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish scientist and engineer (d. 1929)
• 1879 – E. M. Forster, English novelist (d. 1970)
• 1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-born American film producer (d. 1952)
• 1881 – Vajiravudh, King of Thailand (d. 1925)
• 1887 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (d. 1945)
• 1888 – John Garand, American inventor (d. 1974)
• 1888 – Georgios Stanotas, Greek cavalry officer (d. 1965)
• 1889 – Charles Bickford, American film actor (d. 1967)
• 1890 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer (d. 1966)
• 1892 – Artur Rodziński, Croatian conductor (d. 1958)
• 1892 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino statesman (d. 1948)
• 1893 – Mordehai Frizis, Greek Army officer (d. 1940)
• 1894 – Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian mathematician (d. 1974)
• 1894 – Shitsu Nakano, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2007)
• 1895 – J. Edgar Hoover, American FBI director (d. 1972)
• 1900 – Xavier Cugat, Spanish musician (d. 1990)
• 1900 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Buster Nupen, South African cricketer (d. 1977)
• 1904 – Vasilis Avlonitis, Greek actor (d. 1970)
• 1904 – Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani politician (d. 1982)
• 1905 – Stanisław Mazur, Polish mathematician (d. 1981)
• 1906 – Giovanni D'Anzi, Italian songwriter (d. 1974)
• 1908 – Bill Tapia, American musician (d. 2011)
• 1909 – Dana Andrews, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1909 – Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian nationalist leader (d. 1959)
• 1911 – Basil Dearden, British film director (d. 1971)
• 1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• 1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-born American violinist
• 1911 – Audrey Wurdemann, American poet (d.1960)
• 1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician (d. 1995)
• 1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)
• 1912 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek writer and poet (d. 1991)
• 1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, Indian princess and SOE agent (d. 1944)
• 1917 – Jule Gregory Charney, American meteorologist (d. 1981)
• 1917 – Albert Mol, Dutch actor (d. 2004)
• 1918 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2000)
• 1918 – Frances Bay, Canadian actress (d. 2011)
• 1919 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer (d. 1990)
• 1919 – Carole Landis, American film actress (d. 1948)
• 1919 – J. D. Salinger, American novelist (d. 2010)
• 1919 – Yoshio Tabata, Japanese singer
• 1920 – Osvaldo Cavandoli, Italian cartoonist (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Willie Fennell, Australian comedian, actor (d. 1992)
• 1920 – Virgilio Savona, Italian singer (Quartetto Cetra) (d. 2009)
• 1921 – Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi, Palestinian philosopher (d. 1986)
• 1921 – César Baldaccini, French sculptor (d. 1998)
• 1921 – Wadih El Safi, Lebanese singer and songwriter
• 1922 – Ernest Hollings, American politician, 106th Governor of South Carolina and United States Senator from South Carolina
• 1922 – Jerry Robinson, American comic book artist (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Daniel Gorenstein, American mathematician (d. 1992)
• 1923 – Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Roberts Blossom, American actor and poet
• 1924 – Charlie Munger, American philanthropist
• 1925 – Matthew "Stymie" Beard, American actor (d. 1981)
• 1925 – Paul Bomani, Tanzanian politician and ambassador (d. 2005)
• 1925 – Valentina Cortese, Italian actress
• 1925 – Raymond Pellegrin, French actor (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Richard Verreau, French-Canadian tenor (d. 2005)
• 1927 – Maurice Béjart, French choreographer (d. 2007)
• 1927 – Pat Heywood, Scottish actress
• 1927 – Calum MacKay, Canadian hockey player (d. 2001)
• 1927 – Yvonne Sanson, Greek film actress (d. 2003)
• 1927 – Vernon L. Smith, American economist, Nobel Prize in Economics winner
• 1927 – Doak Walker, American football star (d. 1998)
• 1928 – Ernest Tidyman, American writer (d. 1984)
• 1928 – Gerhard Weinberg, German-American historian
• 1929 – Raymond Chow, Hong Kong film producer
• 1929 – Joseph Lombardo, American mafioso
• 1929 – Haruo Nakajima, Japanese actor
• 1930 – Gaafar al-Nimeiry, Sudanese politician (d. 2009)
• 1930 – Jean-Pierre Duprey, French poet and sculptor (d. 1959)
• 1930 – Ty Hardin, American film actor
• 1930 – Frederick Wiseman, American documentary filmmaker
• 1932 – Jackie Parker, American football player (d. 2006)
• 1932 – Giuseppe Patanè, Italian opera conductor (d. 1989)
• 1933 – James Hormel, American philanthropist and diplomat
• 1933 – Joseph Koo, Chinese composer
• 1933 – Frederick Lowy, Canadian educator
• 1933 – Joe Orton, English writer (d. 1967)
• 1933 – Norman Yemm, Australian actor
• 1935 – B. Kliban, American cartoonist (d. 1990)
• 1936 – Don Nehlen, American football player and coach
• 1936 – James Sinegal, American businessman
• 1937 – John Fuller, English poet
• 1937 – Petros Markaris, Greek writer
• 1937 – Matt Robinson, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1937 – Adam Wiśniewski-Snerg, Polish author (d. 1995)
• 1938 – Clay Cole, American television host and producer (d. 2010)
• 1938 – Robert Jankel, British coachbuilder (d. 2005)
• 1938 – Frank Langella, American actor
• 1939 – Michèle Mercier, French actress
• 1941 – Asrani, Indian actor and comedian
• 1941 – Barry Goldberg, American musician
• 1941 – Younoussi Touré, Malian prime minister
• 1942 – Dennis Archer, American politician
• 1942 – Martin Frost, American politician
• 1942 – Al Hunt, American reporter and news anchor
• 1942 – Country Joe McDonald, American musician (Country Joe and the Fish)
• 1942 – Alassane Ouattara, former Prime Minister of Ivory Coast
• 1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2005)
• 1942 – Judy Stone, Australian pop singer
• 1943 – Larry Clark, American director
• 1943 – Tony Knowles, American politician and 7th Governor of Alaska
• 1943 – Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, Indian scientist
• 1943 – Don Novello, American actor
• 1943 – Ronald Perelman, American businessman
• 1944 – Jimmy Hart, American wrestling manager
• 1944 – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani politician
• 1945 – Peter Duncan, Australian politician
• 1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian race car driver
• 1945 – Max Julien, American actor
• 1946 – Carl B. Hamilton, Swedish economist and politician
• 1946 – Rick Hurst, American actor
• 1946 – Rivelino, Brazilian football player
• 1946 – Shelby Steele, American author and filmmaker
• 1946 – Susannah McCorkle, American writer and singer (d. 2001)
• 1947 – Jon Corzine, American politician, 54th Governor of New Jersey and former United States Senator from New Jersey
• 1947 – James K. Glassman, American journalist and diplomat
• 1947 – Leon Patillo, American Contemporary Christian singer and evangelist
• 1947 – Leonard Thompson, American professional golfer
• 1947 – Paula Tsui, Hong Kong singer
• 1947 – Frances Yip, Hong Kong singer
• 1948 – Devlet Bahçeli, Turkish politician
• 1948 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general
• 1948 – Joe Petagno, American artist
• 1948 – Ashok Saraf, Marathi/Hindi actor
• 1948 – Ismael Zambada García, Mexican drug lord
• 1949 – Max Azria, French fashion designer
• 1949 – Daniel E Gawthrop, American composer
• 1949 – Borys Tarasyuk, Ukrainian politician
• 1950 – Wayne Bennett, Australian rugby league coach
• 1950 – Morgan Fisher, English musician (Mott the Hoople)
• 1950 – Deepa Mehta, Indian-born Canadian film director and screenwriter
• 1951 – Ashfaq Hussain, Urdu poet
• 1951 – Nana Patekar, Indian film and stage actor
• 1951 – Hans-Joachim Stuck, German race car driver
• 1952 – Stephanie Faracy, American actress
• 1952 – Rosario Marchese, Italian-Canadian politician
• 1953 – Alpha Blondy, Ivorian reggae singer
• 1953 – Greg Carmichael, British guitarist (Acoustic Alchemy)
• 1953 – Gary Johnson, American politician and 29th Governor of New Mexico
• 1953 – Lynn Jones, American baseball player
• 1954 – Richard Edson, American actor and musician
• 1954 – Bob Menendez, American politician and United States Senator from New Jersey
• 1954 – Yannis Papathanasiou, Greek politician
• 1955 – LaMarr Hoyt, American baseball player
• 1956 – Sergei Avdeyev, Russian cosmonaut
• 1956 – Mark R. Hughes, American entrepreneur (d. 2000)
• 1956 – Sheila McCarthy, Canadian actress
• 1956 – Mike Mitchell, American basketball player
• 1956 – Ziad Rahbani, Lebanese composer
• 1956 – Kōji Yakusho, Japanese actor
• 1957 – Mark Hurd, American businessman
• 1957 – Ewa Kasprzyk, Polish actress
• 1957 – Evangelos Venizelos, Greek lawyer and politician
• 1958 – Grandmaster Flash, Barbadian musician
• 1958 – Dave Silk, American ice hockey player
• 1958 – Ren Woods, American actress and singer
• 1959 – Abdul Ahad Momand, Afghan cosmonaut
• 1959 – Andy Andrews, American tennis player
• 1959 – Azali Assoumani, Comorian president
• 1959 – Panagiotis Giannakis, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1959 – Michel Onfray, French philosopher
• 1960 – Rayo de Jalisco, Jr., Mexican wrestler
• 1960 – Leilani Kai, American wrestler
• 1960 – Michael Seibert, American ice dancer
• 1961 – Sergei Babayan, American classical pianist
• 1961 – Sam Backo, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1961 – Sam Palahnuk, American video game designer
• 1961 – Fiona Phillips, British television presenter
• 1961 – Mark Wingett, British actor
• 1962 – Ari Up, German musician (The Slits) (d. 2010)
• 1963 – Alberigo Evani, Italian footballer
• 1963 – Linda Henry, English actor
• 1963 – Lina Kačiušytė, Lithuanian swimmer
• 1963 – Dražen Ladić, Croatian footballer
• 1963 – Jean-Marc Gounon, French race car driver
• 1964 – Juliana Donald, American actress
• 1964 – Dedee Pfeiffer, American actress
• 1965 – John Sullivan, American politician
• 1965 – Andrew Valmon, American athlete
• 1966 – Anna Burke, Australian politician
• 1966 – Tina Landon, Mexican-American choreographer
• 1966 – Adam Paskowitz, American singer (The Flys)
• 1967 – John Digweed, English DJ
• 1967 – Tim Dog, American rapper
• 1967 – Gorsha Sur, Russian ice dancer
• 1967 – Derrick Thomas, American football player (d. 2000)
• 1967 – Spencer Tunick, American artist
• 1967 – Juanma Bajo Ulloa, Spanish film director
• 1968 – Felix Chong, Hong Kong screenwriter
• 1968 – Miki Higashino, Japanese composer
• 1968 – Joey Stefano, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1968 – Davor Šuker, Croatian footballer
• 1969 – Morris Chestnut, American actor
• 1969 – Nicolle Dickson, Australian actress
• 1969 – Melissa DiMarco, Canadian actress
• 1969 – Paul Lawrie, Scottish golfer
• 1969 – Christi Paul, American news anchor
• 1969 – Verne Troyer, American actor
• 1970 – Sergei Kiriakov, Russian footballer
• 1970 – Kimberly Page, American manager and actress
• 1971 – Sammie Henson, American wrestler
• 1971 – Bobby Holik, Czech ice hockey player
• 1971 – Phoebus, Greek songwriter
• 1971 – Juan Carlos Plata, Guatemalan soccer player
• 1971 – Chris Potter, American jazz saxophonist
• 1971 – Scott Riggs, American racing driver
• 1971 – Fredro Starr, American rapper (Onyx)
• 1971 – Ezra Weisz, American voice actor
• 1972 – Garrett K. Gomez, American horse jockey
• 1972 – Yermakhan Ibraimov, Kazakh boxer
• 1972 – Catherine McCormack, British actress
• 1972 – Neve McIntosh, Scottish actress
• 1972 – Barron Miles, American Canadian football player
• 1972 – Lilian Thuram, French footballer
• 1973 – Shelda Bede, Brazilian beach volleyball player
• 1973 – Li Fang, Chinese tennis player
• 1973 – Danny Lloyd, American actor
• 1973 – Anwar Mansoor Mangrio, Sindhi poet
• 1973 – Magnus Sahlgren, Swedish musician (Lake of Tears)
• 1974 – Christian Paradis, Canadian politician
• 1974 – Hamilton Ricard, Colombian footballer
• 1974 – Eva Birthistle, Irish actress
• 1974 – Giorgos Theodotou, Greek-Cypriot footballer
• 1975 – Chris Anstey, Australian basketball player
• 1975 – Sonali Bendre, Indian model and actress
• 1975 – Joe Cannon, American footballer
• 1975 – Becky Kellar-Duke, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Eiichiro Oda, Japanese manga artist
• 1975 – Bengt Sæternes, Norwegian footballer
• 1975 – Fernando Tatis, Dominican baseball player
• 1975 – Mohamed Albuflasa, Bahraini dissident poet
• 1977 – Leoš Friedl, Czech tennis player
• 1977 – María de la Paz Hernández, Argentinian field hockey player
• 1977 – Robert Roode, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1977 – Hasan Salihamidžić, Bosnian footballer
• 1977 – Andrei Stoliarov, Russian tennis player
• 1977 – Jerry Yan, Taiwanese actor and singer
• 1978 – Vidya Balan, Indian model and actress
• 1978 – Nina Bott, German actress
• 1978 – Phillip Mulryne, Northern Irish footballer
• 1978 – Tarik O'Regan, British composer
• 1978 – Mykhaylo Renzhyn, Latvian skier
• 1979 – Matthew Barnson, American composer
• 1979 – Brody Dalle, Australian singer (The Distillers)
• 1979 – Koichi Domoto, Japanese artist
• 1979 – Fadi El Khatib, Lebanese basketball player
• 1980 – Lazaros Agadakos, Greek basketball player
• 1980 – Elin Nordegren, Swedish model
• 1981 – Jonas Armstrong, English actor
• 1981 – Zsolt Baumgartner, Hungarian racing driver
• 1981 – Abdülkadir Koçak, Turkish boxer
• 1981 – Mladen Petrić, Croatian footballer
• 1981 – Eden Riegel, American actress
• 1982 – David Nalbandian, Argentinian tennis player
• 1982 – Luke Rodgers, English soccer player
• 1983 – Calum Davenport, English footballer
• 1983 – Thomas Morrison, English actor
• 1983 – Emi Kobayashi, Japanese model
• 1983 – Park Sung-Hyun, South Korean Olympic archer
• 1984 – José Paolo Guerrero, Peruvian footballer
• 1984 – Alok Kapali, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1984 – Stefano Pastrello, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Mohammed Ghaddar, Lebanese footballer
• 1984 – Michael Witt, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1984 – Cheung Kin Fung, Hong Kong footballer
• 1985 – Jeff Carter, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer
• 1985 – Tiago Splitter, Brazilian basketball player
• 1985 – Eyjólfur Héðinsson, Icelandic professional footballer and model
• 1986 – Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player
• 1986 – Glen Davis, American basketball player
• 1986 – James Davis, American football player
• 1986 – Colin Morgan, Northern Irish actor
• 1986 – Sungmin, South Korean singer (Super Junior)
• 1987 – Gilbert Brule, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987 – Chris Collins, American actor and comedian
• 1987 – Devin Setoguchi, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1988 – Grzegorz Panfil, Polish tennis player
• 1992 – He Kexin, Chinese gymnast
• 1992 – Tim Menzel, German rugby player
• 1992 – Jack Wilshere, English footballer
• 1998 – Marlene Lawston, American child actress

Deaths

• 379 – Saint Basil of Caesarea (b. 330)
• 404 – Saint Telemachus, Christian monk
• 874 – Hasan al-Askari, eleventh Shia Imam (b. 846)
• 898 – Odo, Count of Paris (b. 860)
• 962 – Baldwin III, Count of Flanders (b. c. 940)
• 1204 – King Haakon III of Norway (b. c. 1170)
• 1387 – King Charles II of Navarre (b. 1332)
• 1515 – King Louis XII of France (b. 1462)
• 1554 – Pedro de Valdivia, Spanish conquistador (b. 1500)
• 1559 – Christian III of Denmark and Norway (b. 1503)
• 1560 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet (b. 1522)
• 1617 – Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch painter (b. 1558)
• 1631 – Thomas Hobson, the "Cambridge Carrier", eponym of Hobson's Choice (b. 1544)
• 1697 – Filippo Baldinucci, Florentine biographer/historian (b. 1624)
• 1716 – William Wycherley, English dramatist (b. 1640)
• 1730 – Samuel Sewall, English judge (b. 1652)
• 1742 – Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (b. 1686)
• 1748 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1667)
• 1759 – Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie, French adventurer (b. 1705)
• 1766 – James Francis Edward Stuart, "The Old Pretender" (b. 1688)
• 1782 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (b. 1735)
• 1789 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English politician (b. 1716)
• 1793 – Francesco Guardi, Venetian painter (b. 1712)
• 1796 – Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde, French mathematician (b. 1735)
• 1800 – Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, French naturalist (b. 1716)
• 1817 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist (b. 1743)
• 1835 – Mátyás Godina, writer, teacher and pastor (b. 1768)
• 1852 – John George Children, British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (b. 1777)
• 1853 – Gregory Blaxland, Australian explorer (b. 1778)
• 1862 – Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky, Russian physicist (b. 1801)
• 1869 – Martin W. Bates, American politician (b. 1786)
• 1881 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French political activist (b. 1805)
• 1892 – Roswell B. Mason, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
• 1894 – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist (b. 1857)
• 1896 – Alfred Ely Beach, American inventor (b. 1826)
• 1906 – Sir Hugh Nelson, Premier of Queensland (b. 1835)
• 1918 – Wilfred Campbell, Canadian poet (b. 1858)
• 1919 – Mikhail Drozdovsky, Russian general (b. 1881)
• 1921 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)
• 1922 – István Kühár, Slovene (Prekmurian) writer and politician (b. 1887)
• 1931 – Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (b. 1851)
• 1932 – C P Scott, British journalist, publisher and politician (b. 1846)
• 1940 – Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao, Indian writer and essayist (b. 1865)
• 1943 – Colonel Andrew Summers Rowan, U.S. military officer who gave "a message to Garcia" (b. 1857)
• 1944 – Sir Edward Lutyens, British architect who designed New Delhi (b. 1869)
• 1944 – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (b. 1862)
• 1953 – Hank Williams, American singer (b. 1923)
• 1954 – Duff Cooper, British diplomat and writer (b. 1890)
• 1955 – Arthur C. Parker, American archaeologist, folklorist, and historian (b. 1881)
• 1957 – Seán South and Fergal O'Hanlon are killed in the Brookeborough Raid
• 1958 – Edward Weston, American photographer (b. 1886)
• 1960 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress, screenwriter (b. 1909)
• 1964 – Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (b. 1890)
• 1966 – Vincent Auriol, French politician (b. 1884)
• 1969 – Barton MacLane, American actor (b. 1902)
• 1969 – Bruno Söderström, Swedish athlete (b. 1888)
• 1971 – Saint Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian Orthodox Christian Saint (b. 1894)
• 1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (b. 1888)
• 1973 – Sergei Kourdakov, former KGB agent (b. 1951)
• 1980 – Adolph Deutsch, American composer and arranger (b. 1897)
• 1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian socialist politician (b. 1891)
• 1981 – Hephzibah Menuhin, American-Jewish concert pianist (b. 1920)
• 1982 – Victor Buono, American actor (b. 1938)
• 1984 – Alexis Korner, British blues musician (b. 1928)
• 1985 – Sigerson Clifford, Irish poet and writer (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Kamatari Fujiwara, Japanese actor (b. 1905)
• 1986 – Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (b. 1902)
• 1986 – Bruce Norris, American hockey executive (Detroit Red Wings) (b. 1924)
• 1989 – Aleka Stratigou, Greek actress (b. 1926)
• 1991 – Buck Ram, American songwriter and businessman (The Platters) (b. 1907)
• 1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer pioneer (b. 1906)
• 1994 – Lord Arthur Porritt, Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1900)
• 1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1994 – Edward Arthur Thompson, British historian (b. 1914)
• 1995 – Fred West, British serial killer (suicide) (b. 1941)
• 1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1902)
• 1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (b. 1901)
• 1996 – Arthur Rudolph, German engineer (b. 1906)
• 1997 – Ivan Graziani, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
• 1997 – Hagood Hardy, Canadian composer and musician (b. 1937)
• 1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American country musician (b. 1944)
• 1998 – Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (b. 1905)
• 2000 – Colin Vaughan, Australian political journalist (b. 1931)
• 2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (b. 1914)
• 2002 – Julia Phillips, American film producer (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Joe Foss, American politician, fighter pilot, Medal of Honor recipient and AFL Commissioner (b. 1915)
• 2003 – F. William Free, American advertising executive (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Cyril Shaps, English actor (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Dumitru Tinu, Romanian journalist (b. 1940)
• 2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American politician (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Hugh Lawson, 6th Baron Burnham, British newspaperman (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Eugene J. Martin, American painter, artist (b. 1938)
• 2005 – Bob Matsui, American politician (b. 1941)
• 2006 – Bryan Harvey, American musician (House of Freaks) (b. 1956)
• 2006 – Dawn Lake, Australian TV comedienne (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Harry Magdoff, American magazine editor (b. 1913)
• 2006 – Hugh McLaughlin, Irish publisher and inventor (b. 1918)
• 2007 – A. I. Bezzerides, American novelist and screenwriter (b. 1908)
• 2007 – Leon Davidson, American scientist known for studying UFOs (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Leonard Fraser, Australian serial killer (b. 1951)
• 2007 – Julius Hegyi, American conductor (b. 1923)
• 2007 – Tad Jones, American jazz music historian (b. 1952)
• 2007 – Ernie Koy, American baseball player (b. 1909)
• 2007 – Roland Levinsky, South African medical scientist (b. 1943)
• 2007 – Tillie Olsen, American writer (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Del Reeves, American country singer (b. 1932)
• 2007 – Darrent Williams, American football player (b. 1982)
• 2008 – Salvatore Bonanno, son of Joseph Bonanno (b. 1932)
• 2008 – Peter Caffrey, Irish actor (b. 1949)
• 2008 – Pratap Chandra Chunder, Union minister of India (b. 1919)
• 2008 – Harold Corsini, American photographer (b. 1919)
• 2009 – Aarne Arvonen, Finnish supercentenerian (b.1897)
• 2009 – Claiborne Pell, U.S. senator (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Nizar Rayan, Hamas leader (b. 1962)
• 2010 – Lhasa de Sela, Mexican-American singer (b. 1972)
• 2011 – Marin Constantin, Romanian composer and conductor (b. 1925)
• 2011 – Reynaldo Dagsa, Filipino politician
• 2011 – Flemming Jørgensen, Danish singer (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Carlos Soria, politician, Secretary of Intelligence (2002) and Governor of Río Negro (2011) (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Yafa Yarkoni, Israeli singer (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Gary Ablett, English footballer (b. 1965)
• 2012 – Bob Anderson (fencer), English sword-master and Fight Choreographer (b. 1922)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Basil the Great (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • Feast of the Circumcision of Christ (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus (Lutheran Church)
  • Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, the Octave Day of Christmas, considered a holy day of obligation in some countries. (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Fulgentius of Ruspe
  • Telemachus
  • World Day of Peace (Roman Catholic Church)
  • January 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day (Italy)
• Dissolution of Czechoslovakia related observances:
  • Day of the Establishment of the Slovak Republic (Slovakia)
  • Restoration Day of the Independent Czech State (Czech Republic)
• Earliest day on which Handsel Monday can fall, while January 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of the year. (Scotland)
• Founding Day (Republic of China)
• Global Family Day (International)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Brunei from United Kingdom in 1984.
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Haiti from France in 1804.
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Sudan from United Kingdom in 1956.
• National Tree Planting Day (Tanzania)
• New Year's Day (many countries around the world using the Gregorian calendar)
• Public Domain Day
• The eighth day of Christmas (Western Christianity)
• The last day of Kwanzaa (United States)
• The presidents of Brazil and Switzerland take possession.
• Triumph of the Revolution (Cuba)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: January 1

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada