Jess Stacy

Jess Stacy (August 11, 1904 – January 1, 1995) was an American jazz pianist who became famous during the Swing Era.

Early life

Stacy was born Jesse Alexandria Stacy in Bird's Point, Missouri, a small town across the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois. In 1918 Stacy moved to Cape Girardeau, Missouri. There Stacy received his only formal music training studying under Professor Clyde Brandt, a professor of piano and violin at Southeast Missouri State Teachers College (now Southeast Missouri State University),^[1] while sweeping up nights at Clark's Music Store.^[2]

By 1920 Stacy was playing piano in saxophonist Peg Meyer’s jazz ensemble at Cape Girardeau High School and at the Bluebird Confectionary on Broadway and Fountain and also at the Sweet Shop on Main Street. Originally labeled by schoolmates as "The Agony Four,"^[3] "..... that band took them out of Cape Girardeau where, according to Stacy, 'everyone was square as a bear' ".^[4]

By 1921 the ensemble was known as "Peg Meyer's Melody Kings" and started touring the Mississippi River on 'The Majestic' and other riverboats.^[5]

Career

Early career

At some unrecorded date in the early 1920s Stacy moved 'upriver' to Chicago, Illinois where he made a name for himself performing with Paul Mares, leader of the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, playing a sub-genre of jazz appropriately called “Chicago-style”. Stacy cites his main influence at the time as Louis Armstrong and, especially, pianist Earl Hines, pianist for both Louis Armstrong and the Carroll Dickerson band^[6]. Stacy would frequently go to just wherever Hines was playing and later even played with Hines' band as 'relief piano player' when allowed [as did Nat "King" Cole and Teddy Wilson] but during this period Stacy was mainly playing with Floyd Towne’s dance orchestra.

Stacy’s big break came in 1935 when Benny Goodman asked Stacy to join his band. Stacy left Floyd Towne, moved to New York, and spent the four years from 1935-1939 with the Benny Goodman Orchestra. He reached the peak of his acclaim when he performed with Goodman at Carnegie Hall in 1938 ^[7], the first jazz concert ever played at Carnegie. The Carnegie Hall performance has gained attention due to an unplanned yet widely praised piano solo by Stacy during "Sing, Sing, Sing.” Following a Goodman/Krupa duet, Stacy received a nod from Goodman to take a solo. He created a memorable masterpiece, reissued many times on record. Some believe that Stacy did not gain the recognition he rightly deserved because Teddy Wilson was the 'permanent' pianist for the Benny Goodman quartet, the most acclaimed of Goodman's bands.^[8]. But Stacy did play with such legends as Bix Beiderbecke, Eddie Condon, Bud Freeman, George Gershwin, Lionel Hampton, Billie Holiday, Gene Krupa, Jack Teagarden and, later, Horace Heidt.

A 1939 review of 'Jess Stacy' (Commodore 1503) stated:
"These two five-minute blues are probably the finest solos ever recorded by Jess Stacy and the best coupling ever issued by Milt Gabler on his Commodore label. When this most sensitive, intelligent and polished of piano players goes to work in the simple, traditional blues form, the result is likely to be more individual than authentic; and that was the case here. On the slow blues, EcStacy, and a faster one named the Sell Out, Stacy has lavished all his musical sincerity, his harmonic invention and delicate melodic ideas, all performed with uniquely fine touch and really incisive phrasing. EcStacy is quiet, and the chords ring out like chimes; in the Sell Out, Stacy's foot acts as bass drum and the swing is very easy and sure. Instead of the sterility which afflicts so many of the "advanced" jazz players, there is the sincere, personal emotion, and integrity, of a uniquely talented musician. Much intellect went into this music, and in places you can almost hear Jess' rapid thinking".^[9]

After leaving the Goodman Orchestra, Stacy joined the Bob Crosby (Bing Crosby's brother) Orchestra and his famous small jazz group the Bob Crosby Bob-Cats. During his period with the latter band Stacy received yet wider acclaim. He won the national Down Beat piano polls in 1940^[10], 1941, 1942, and 1943^[11]. Stacy would later be credited with revitalizing the dying band . When the Crosby band broke up, Stacy rejoined Goodman in 1942 for a short period before joining the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra.

Stacy spent six months with the Tommy Dorsey band. He then left to put together a big band of his own, named the Jess Stacy Band and recorded with vocalist Lee Wiley, to whom he was married. But by then "big band" music was losing popularity, and the band suffered economically. The band did not last long and Wiley and Stacy would later divorce.

Later career

In 1950 he moved to Los Angeles California^[12]. As with many jazz 'stars', his career declined to mostly club work. Finally one evening, while working the piano bar in Leon's Steak House, Stacy walked out in the middle of a number after a drunken woman, while requesting the "Beer Barrel Polka" for the third time that evening, spilled a beer in his lap. Stacy declared that he was 'done' with the music business and he retired from public performances. ^[13]

Unusually for a 'jazzer', Stacy chose to leave the music industry and take regular jobs until he was able to retire. For a time Stacy worked as a salesman, then warehouseman, then postman, for Max Factor cosmetics.

Later, he would be "re-discovered" as fame of his past career became known. However Stacy was selective in his performances - he played for Nelson Riddle on the soundtrack of the 1973 movie 'The Great Gatsby'. Then 1974 he was invited to play at the Newport Jazz Festival in New York and, as a result, was asked to record for Chiaroscuro twice, in 1974 and, in 1977, "Stacy Still Swings". The years after that included compilations and some club work. Stacy’s final performance was broadcast on Marian McPartland’s “Piano Jazz” for National Public Radio on Dec. 1, 1981.^[14]

Personal life

Stacy had a tumultuous love life as a young man. His first wife was Helen Robinson. Both were very young when they married in 1924. Stacy worked nights playing in clubs and slept during the day while Helen worked days. Helen needed more security than Stacy was willing to provide. Stacy was unable to give up the dream of his music to work at a radio station and be secure in his employment. This did not change when the couple had a child, Frederick Jess. The couple would later divorce and Helen would go on to marry a friend of Stacy's, Phil Wing, the embodiment of all Helen had wanted Stacy to be.^[15]

Stacy's second wife was the beautiful and wild Lee Wiley, a jazz singer of considerable acclaim during her era and 'rediscovered' since. The couple was described by their friend Deane Kincade as being as "compatible as two cats, tails tied together, hanging over a clothesline."^[16] After being married less than three years, the couple divorced in 1948. Lee's response to Stacy's desire to get a divorce was, "What will Bing Crosby be thinking of you divorcing me?"^[16] while Stacy said of Wiley, "They did not burn the last witch at Salem." Lee Wiley then married a retired business man, Nat Tischenkel, in 1966 and died of stomach cancer in 1975. Stacy did not attend her funeral.

Stacy then married, thirdly, Patricia Peck on September 8, 1950. They had been friends and dating for a decade when they married. Stacy and Peck lived in L.A. and were married very happily for forty-five years.

Later life

After his brief and 'selective' revival in the 1970s, Stacy again retired from the music scene and lived a quiet existence with his wife, Patricia Peck Stacy.^[17]

Stacy died of congestive heart failure in Los Angeles, California on January 1, 1995.

Since his death Stacy has gained new attention and honors. In 1996 he was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame and in 1998 a biography of him 'Jess Stacy: The Quiet Man of Jazz. a Biography and Discography' came out.^[18]

Additional Readings

• Raymond F. “Peg” Meyer. Backwoods Jazz in the twenties. Edited and with an introduction by Frank Nickell. Published by Center for Regional History and Cultural Heritage Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau Missouri, c1989.
• Levin, Floyd. Classic Jazz: A Personal View of the Music and the Musicians (Berkely: U of California P, 2000.)
• Kenney, W. H. Jazz on the River. University of Chicago Press, 2005. ISNB 0226437337X
• Keller, Keith. "Oh, Jess: A Jazz Life." The Mayan Music Corporation, 1989. ISBN 8788043088X
• Coller, Derek. Jess Stacy: The Quiet Man of Jazz. G H B Jazz Foundation, 1998. ISBN 0963889044X

References

1. ^ Allen, Steve. "The Return of Jess Stacy," unknown newspaper, undated. Jess Stacy Collection, Box 1036, Folder 7, Item B, Special Collections and Archives, Kent Library, Southeast Missouri State University. http://library.semo.edu/archives/collections/Finding%20Aids/Stacy,%20Jess/Jess%20Stacy%20Container%20List.htm#Series_VI_ but see 'Discussion'
2. ^ Classic Jazz A personal view of the Music and Musicians: Floyd Evans and Benny Carter p 136 U of C Press 2002 ISBN 0520234634
3. ^ Kenney, W.H. Jazz on the River. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.) 136.
4. ^ "Jazz on the River", W H Kenney p 136 University of Chicago Press 2005
5. ^ Special Collections and Archives, Southeast Missouri State University, Jess Stacy Collection Finding Aid, Descriptive Overview.
6. ^ Ibid.
7. ^ Ibid.
8. ^ "Stacy, Goodman Pianist, Hides Light of Ability Under Bands Bushel of Swing," The Dartmouth, April 27, 1937. Jess Stacy Collection, Box 1036, Folder 7, Item F, Special Collections and Archives, Kent Library, Southeast Missouri State University.
   http://library.semo.edu/archives/collections/Finding%20Aids/Stacy,%20Jess/Jess%20Stacy%20Container%20List.htm#Series_VI_
9. ^ The Weekly Magazine": Nov 7 1939: EcStacy/The Sell Out: Piano Solo 12 inches
10. ^ Levin, Floyd. Classic Jazz: A Personal View of the Music and the Musicians (Berkely: U of california P, 2000.) 137.
11. ^ " Photograph, Jess Stacy, Dorothy Lamour and Bob Crosby, presenting Stacy with "Best Pianist of the Year" award, undated. Published in Downbeat. Jess Stacy Collection, Box 1036, Folder 2, Item B, Special Collections and Archives, Kent Library, Southeast Missouri State University.
    http://library.semo.edu/archives/collections/Finding%20Aids/Stacy,%20Jess/Jess%20Stacy%20Container%20List.htm#Series_II_
12. ^ "He's Come a Long Way from St. Louis," The San Francisco Chronicle, November 20, 1950. Jess Stacy Collection, Box 1036, Folder 7, Item G, Special Collections and Archives, Kent Library, Southeast Missouri State University http://library.semo.edu/archives/collections/Finding%20Aids/Stacy,%20Jess/Jess%20Stacy%20Container%20List.htm#Series_VI_
13. ^ Levin, 138.
14. ^ "Jazz Rambler": San Diego Nov/Dec 2004 No 6
15. ^ Keith Keller
16. ^ ^{a b} Coller (113)
17. ^ Levin, 139.
18. ^ Derek Coller: G H B Jazz Foundation ISBN 0963889044

External links

• Southeast Missouri State University Special Collections and Archives, The Jess Stacy Collection
• BBC Radio 2
• Jazz Groove on Jess Stacy