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Dictionary:

join

  (join) pronunciation

v., joined, join·ing, joins.

v.tr.
  1. To put or bring together so as to make continuous or form a unit: join two boards with nails; joined hands in a circle.
  2. To put or bring into close association or relationship: two families that were joined by marriage; join forces.
  3. To connect (points), as with a straight line.
  4. To meet and merge with: where the creek joins the river.
  5. To become a part or member of: joined the photography club.
  6. To come into the company of: joined the group in the waiting room.
  7. To participate with in an act or activity: The committee joins me in welcoming you.
  8. To adjoin.
  9. To engage in; enter into: Opposing armies joined battle on the plain.
v.intr.
  1. To come together so as to form a connection: where the two bones join.
  2. To act together; form an alliance: The two factions joined to oppose the measure.
  3. To become a member of a group.
  4. To take part; participate: joined in the search.
n.

A joint; a junction.

[Middle English joinen, from Old French joindre, joign-, join-, from Latin iungere.]

SYNONYMS  join, combine, unite, link, connect, relate, associate. These verbs mean to fasten or affix or become fastened or affixed. Join applies to the physical contact or union of at least two separate things and to the coming together of persons, as into a group: The children joined hands. The two armies joined together to face a common enemy. “Join the union, girls, and together say Equal Pay for Equal Work” (Susan B. Anthony). Combine suggests the mixing or merging of components, often for a specific purpose: The cook combined various ingredients. “When bad men combine, the good must associate” (Edmund Burke). Unite stresses the coherence or oneness of the persons or things joined: The volunteers united to prevent their town from flooding. The strike united the oppressed workers. Link and connect imply a firm attachment in which individual components nevertheless retain their identities: The study linked the high crime rate to unemployment. The reporter connected the police chief to the scandal. Relate refers to connection of persons through marriage or kinship (Although we share a surname, she and I are not related) or of things through logical association (The two events were directly related). Associate usually implies a relationship of persons as partners or allies: My children are associated with me in the family business. It can also refer to a relationship of things that are similar or complementary or that have a connection in one's thoughts: I associate the beach with pleasant memories of summer.


 
 
Thesaurus: join

verb

  1. To be contiguous or next to: abut, adjoin, border, bound2, butt2, meet1, neighbor, touch, verge. See near/far/distance.
  2. To bring or come together into a united whole: coalesce, combine, compound, concrete, conjoin, conjugate, connect, consolidate, couple, link, marry, meld, unify, unite, wed, yoke. See assemble/disassemble.
  3. To unite or be united in a relationship: affiliate, ally, associate, bind, combine, conjoin, connect, link, relate. See connect.
  4. To become a member of: enlist, enroll, enter, muster in, sign up. Informal sign on. See participate/abstain.

 
Antonyms: join

v

Definition: affiliate with organization
Antonyms: leave, resign, withdraw

v

Definition: touch; border on
Antonyms: separate

v

Definition: unite
Antonyms: disjoin, divide, separate


 
is short for:

Meaning Category
Jewish Ozzies Inter NetInternet
Jobs and Opportunity to Improve NeighborhoodsCommunity
Jones Intercable, Inc.Business->NASDAQ Symbols

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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: To come together or connect.

pronunciation You may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one. I hope someday you'll join us, and the world will be as one. — John Lennon (1940-1980).

 
Wikipedia: join (SQL)

A JOIN clause in SQL combines records from two tables in a relational database and results in a new (temporary) table, also called a "joined table". Structured Query Language (SQL:2003) specifies two types of joins: inner and outer.

A programmer writes a join predicate to identify the records for JOINing. If the predicate evaluates true, then the combined record inserts into the joined (temporary) table; otherwise, it does not contribute. Any predicate supported by SQL can become a join-predicate , for example, WHERE-clauses.

As a special case, a table (base table, view, or joined table) can join to itself in a self-join.

Mathematically, a join consists of a relation composition. It provides the fundamental operation in relational algebra and generalizes function composition.

Sample tables

All subsequent explanations on join types in this article make use of the following two tables. The rows in these tables serve to illustrate the effect of different types of joins and join-predicates.

Department Table
DepartmentID DepartmentName
31 Sales
33 Engineering
34 Clerical
35 Marketing
Employee Table
LastName DepartmentID
Rafferty 31
Jones 33
Steinberg 33
Robinson 34
Smith 34
Jasper 36


Note: The "Marketing" Department currently has no listed employees. On the other hand, the employee "Jasper" has no link to any currently valid Department in the Department Table.

Inner join

An inner join essentially combines the records from two tables (A and B) based on a given join-predicate. The SQL-engine computes the cross-product of all records in the tables. Thus, processing combines each record in table A with every record in table B. Only those records in the joined table that satisfy the join predicate remain. This type of join occurs the most commonly in applications, and represents the default join-type.

SQL:2003 specifies two different syntactical ways to express joins. The first, called "explicit join notation", uses the keyword JOIN, whereas the second uses the "implicit join notation". The implicit join notation lists the tables for joining in the FROM clause of a SELECT statement, using commas to separate them. Thus it always computes a cross-join, and the WHERE clause may apply additional filter-predicates. Those filter-predicates function comparably to join-predicates in the explicit notation.

One can further classify inner joins as equi-joins, as natural joins, or as cross-joins.

Programmers should take special care when joining tables on columns that can contain NULL values, since NULL will never match any other value (or even NULL itself), unless the join condition uses explicitly the IS NULL or IS NOT NULL predicates.

As an example, the following query takes all the records from the Employee table and finds the matching record(s) in the Department table, based on the join predicate. The join predicate compares the values in the DepartmentID column in both tables. If it finds no match (i.e. the department-id of an employee does not match with the current department-id from the Department table) then the joined record remains outside the joined table, i.e. outside the (intermediate) result of the join.

Example of an explicit inner join:

SELECT *
FROM   employee 
       INNER JOIN department 
          ON employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID

Example of an implicit inner join:

SELECT *  
FROM   employee, department 
WHERE  employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID

Inner join result:

Employee.LastName Employee.DepartmentID Department.DepartmentName Department.DepartmentID
Smith 34 Clerical 34
Jones 33 Engineering 33
Robinson 34 Clerical 34
Steinberg 33 Engineering 33
Rafferty 31 Sales 31

Notice that the employee "Jasper" and the department "Marketing" do not appear. Neither of these have any matching records in the respective other table: no department has the department ID 36 and no employee has the department ID 35. Thus, no information on Jasper or on Marketing appears in the joined table.

Types of inner joins

Equi-join

An equi-join (also known as an equijoin), a specific type of comparator-based join, or theta join, uses only equality comparisons in the join-predicate. Using other comparison operators (such as <) disqualifies a join as an equi-join. The query shown above has already provided an example of an equi-join:

SELECT *
FROM   employee 
       INNER JOIN department 
          ON employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID

The resulting joined table contains two columns named DepartmentID, one from table Employee and one from table Department.

SQL:2003 does not have a specific syntax to express equi-joins, but some database engines provide a shorthand syntax: for example, MySQL and PostgreSQL support USING(DepartmentID) in addition to the ON ... syntax.

Natural join

A natural join offers a further specialization of equi-joins. The join predicate arises implicitly by comparing all columns in both tables that have the same column-name in the joined tables. The resulting joined table contains only one column for each pair of equally-named columns.

The above sample query for inner joins can be expressed as natural join in the following way:

SELECT *
FROM   employee NATURAL JOIN department

The result appears slightly different, however, because only one DepartmentID column occurs in the joined table.

Employee.LastName DepartmentID Department.DepartmentName
Smith 34 Clerical
Jones 33 Engineering
Robinson 34 Clerical
Steinberg 33 Engineering
Rafferty 31 Sales

Using the NATURAL JOIN keyword to express joins can suffer from ambiguity at best, and leaves systems open to problems if schema changes occur in the database. For example, the removal, addition, or renaming of columns changes the semantics of a natural join. Thus the safer approach involves explicitly coding the join-condition using a regular inner join.

The Oracle database implementation of SQL selects the appropriate column in the naturally-joined table from which to gather data. An error-message such as "ORA-25155: column used in NATURAL join cannot have qualifier" may encourage checking and precisely specifying the columns named in the query.

Cross join

A cross join or cartesian join provides the foundation upon which all types of inner joins operate. A cross join returns the cartesian product of the sets of records from the two joined tables. Thus it equates to an inner join where the join-condition always evaluates to True.

If A and B are two sets then cross join = A X B.

The SQL code for a cross join lists the tables for joining (FROM), but does not include any filtering join-predicate.

Example of an explicit cross join:

SELECT *
FROM   employee CROSS JOIN department

Example of an implicit cross join:

SELECT *
FROM   employee, department;
Employee.LastName Employee.DepartmentID Department.DepartmentName Department.DepartmentID
Rafferty 31 Sales 31
Jones 33 Sales 31
Steinberg 33 Sales 31
Smith 34 Sales 31
Robinson 34 Sales 31
Jasper 36 Sales 31
Rafferty 31 Engineering 33
Jones 33 Engineering 33
Steinberg 33 Engineering 33
Smith 34 Engineering 33
Robinson 34 Engineering 33
Jasper 36 Engineering 33
Rafferty 31 Clerical 34
Jones 33 Clerical 34
Steinberg 33 Clerical 34
Smith 34 Clerical 34
Robinson 34 Clerical 34
Jasper 36 Clerical 34
Rafferty 31 Marketing 35
Jones 33 Marketing 35
Steinberg 33 Marketing 35
Smith 34 Marketing 35
Robinson 34 Marketing 35
Jasper 36 Marketing 35

The cross join does not apply any predicate to filter records from the joined table. Programmers can further filter the results of a cross join by using a WHERE clause.

Outer joins

An outer join does not require each record in the two joined tables to have a matching record in the other table. The joined table retains each record — even if no other matching record exists. Outer joins subdivide further into left outer joins, right outer joins, and full outer joins, depending on which table(s) one retains the rows from (left, right, or both).

(For a table to qualify as left or right its name has to appear after the FROM or JOIN keyword, respectively.)

No implicit join-notation for outer joins exists in SQL:2003.

Left outer join

The result of a left outer join for tables A and B always contains all records of the "left" table (A), even if the join-condition does not find any matching record in the "right" table (B). This means that if the ON clause matches 0 (zero) records in B, the join will still return a row in the result — but with NULL in each column from B.

A left outer join returns all the values from the left table, plus matched values from right table (or NULL in case of no matching join predicate).

For example, this allows us to find an employee's department, but still to show the employee even when their department does not exist (contrary to the inner-join example above, where employees in non-existent departments get filtered out).

Example of a left outer join:

SELECT *  
FROM   employee 
       LEFT OUTER JOIN department 
          ON employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID
Employee.LastName Employee.DepartmentID Department.DepartmentName Department.DepartmentID
Jones 33 Engineering 33
Rafferty 31 Sales 31
Robinson 34 Clerical 34
Smith 34 Clerical 34
Jasper 36 NULL NULL
Steinberg 33 Engineering 33

Right outer join

A right outer join closely resembles a left outer join, except with the tables reversed. Every record from the "right" table (B) will appear in the joined table at least once. If no matching row from the "left" table (A) exists, NULL will appear in columns from A for those records that have no match in A.

A right outer join returns all the values from right table and matched values from left table (or NULL in case of no matching join predicate).

Example right outer join :

SELECT * 
FROM   employee 
       RIGHT OUTER JOIN department 
          ON employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID
Employee.LastName Employee.DepartmentID Department.DepartmentName Department.DepartmentID
Smith 34 Clerical 34
Jones 33 Engineering 33
Robinson 34 Clerical 34
Steinberg 33 Engineering 33
Rafferty 31 Sales 31
NULL NULL Marketing 35

Full outer join

A full outer join combines the results of both left and right outer joins. The joined table will contain all records from both tables, and fill in NULLs for missing matches on either side.

Example full outer join:

SELECT *  
FROM   employee 
       FULL OUTER JOIN department 
          ON employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID
Employee.LastName Employee.DepartmentID Department.DepartmentName Department.DepartmentID
Smith 34 Clerical 34
Jones 33 Engineering 33
Robinson 34 Clerical 34
Jasper 36 NULL NULL
Steinberg 33 Engineering 33
Rafferty 31 Sales 31
NULL NULL Marketing 35

Some database systems do not support this functionality directly, but they can emulate it through the use of left and right outer joins and unions. The same example can appear as:

SELECT *
FROM   employee 
       LEFT JOIN department 
          ON employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID
UNION
SELECT *
FROM   employee
       RIGHT JOIN department
          ON employee.DepartmentID = department.DepartmentID
WHERE  employee.DepartmentID IS NULL

Implementation

Much work in database-systems has aimed at efficient implementation of joins, because relational systems commonly call for joins, yet face difficulties in optimising their efficient execution. The problem arises because (inner) joins operate both commutatively and associatively. In practice, this means that the user merely supplies the list of tables for joining and the join conditions to use, and the database system has the task of determining the most efficient way to perform the operation. A query optimizer determines how to execute a query containing joins. A query optimizer has two basic freedoms:

  1. Join order : Because joins function commutatively, the order in which the system joins tables does not change the final result-set of the query. However, join-order does have an enormous impact on the cost of the join operation, so choosing the best join order becomes very important.
  2. Join method : Given two tables and a join condition, multiple algorithms can produce the result-set of the join. Which algorithm runs most efficiently depends on the sizes of the input tables, the number of rows from each table that match the join condition, and the operations required by the rest of the query.

Many join-algorithms treat their inputs differently. One can refer to the inputs to a join as the "outer" and "inner" join operands, or "left" and "right", respectively. In the case of nested loops, for example, the database system will scan the entire inner relation for each row of the outer relation.

One can classify query-plans involving joins as:

left-deep 
using a base table (rather than another join) as the inner operand of each join in the plan
right-deep 
using a base table as the outer operand of each join in the plan
bushy 
neither left-deep nor right-deep; both inputs to a join may themselves result from joins

These names derive from the appearance of the query plan if drawn as a tree, with the outer join relation on the left and the inner relation on the right (as convention dictates).

Join algorithms

Three fundamental algorithms exist for performing a join operation.

Nested loops


Main article: Nested loop join

Use of nested loops produces the simplest join-algorithm. For each tuple in the outer join relation, the system scans the entire inner-join relation and appends any tuples that match the join-condition to the result set. Naturally, this algorithm performs poorly with large join-relations: inner or outer or both. An index on columns in the inner relation in the join-predicate can enhance performance.

The "block nested loops" (BNL) offers a refinement to this technique: for every block in the outer relation, the system scans the entire inner relation. For each match between the current inner tuple and one of the tuples in the current block of the outer relation, the system adds a tuple to the join result-set. This variant means doing more computation for each tuple of the inner relation, but far fewer scans of the inner relation.

Merge join

If both join relations come in order, sorted by the join attribute(s), the system can perform the join trivially, thus:

  1. For each tuple in the outer relation,
    1. Consider the current "group" of tuples from the inner relation; a group consists of a set of contiguous tuples in the inner relation with the same value in the join attribute.
    2. For each matching tuple in the current inner group, add a tuple to the join result. Once the inner group has been exhausted, advance both the inner and outer scans to the next group.

Merge joins offer one reason why many optimizers keep track of the sort order of query-nodes — if one or both input relations to a merge join arrives already sorted on the join attribute, the system need not perform an additional sort. Otherwise, the DBMS will need to perform the sort, usually using an external sort to avoid consuming too much memory.


See also: Sort-Merge Join

Hash join


Main article: Hash join

A hash join algorithm can produce equi-joins. The database system pre-forms access to the tables concerned by building hash tables on the join-attributes. The lookup in hash tables operates much faster than through index trees. However, one can compare hashed values only for equality, not for other relationships.

See also

External links



 
Translations: Translations for: Join

Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - forbinde, knytte sammen, forene, sammenføje, sy sammen
v. intr. - flyde sammen, flyde ud i, slutte sig til, melde sig ind i
n. - sammenføjning, sammenføjningssted

idioms:

  • join battle    tage kampen op med, gå i kamp med
  • join forces    gå ind i hæren, gå ind i politiet
  • join hands    holde hinanden i hænderne
  • join in    være med, deltage i, komme med, stemme i med, tage del i
  • join issue with    gøre noget sammen
  • join the army    gå ind i hæren
  • join the banner    vise sig under banneret
  • join the ranks    slutte sig til rækkerne
  • join up    melde sig til, gå ind i hæren, gå ind i søværnet

Nederlands (Dutch)
verbinden, verenigen, lid worden, (zich) aansluiten, meedoen, uitmonden in, de strijd aangaan met, verbinding (spunt)

Français (French)
v. tr. - joindre, unir (des planches, des morceaux d'étoffe), relier à, raccorder, (Élec) accoupler, connecter, (Mil, fig) entrer (en lutte), (fig) s'unir (à qn) pour faire, devenir membre de, entrer à, s'inscrire à, adhérer à, entrer dans (les ordres), se joindre à (une procession), s'engager/s'enrôler (dans l'armée), rejoindre, retrouver (qn), venir avec (qn), s'asseoir à (la table de qn), rejoindre/se jeter (une rivière), rejoindre (une route)
v. intr. - se joindre, s'unir, s'associer, s'unir (à), se rencontrer (des lignes), se rencontrer (des routes), avoir leur confluent (des rivières), (Mil) entrer dans l'armée, se faire membre, devenir membre
n. - ligne de raccord (d'une vaisselle réparée), (Cout) couture

idioms:

  • join battle    (Mil, fig) entrer en lutte/engager le combat
  • join forces    s'unir (à qn) pour faire
  • join hands    se donner la main
  • join in    participer, se mettre de la partie
  • join issue    engager une controverse avec qn
  • join the army    s'engager/s'enrôler dans l'armée
  • join the banner    se rallier à la bannière
  • join the ranks    joindre les rangs
  • join up    (Mil) s'engager, s'enrôler, joindre, assembler, abouter, rabouter, (Élec) connecter, accoupler

Deutsch (German)
v. - verbinden, sich beteiligen, (sich) vereinigen, münden in, aneinandergrenzen, zusammenwachsen, eintreten
n. - Verbindung, Nahtstelle

idioms:

  • join battle    den Kampf aufnehmen
  • join forces    sich mit jmdm. zusammentun
  • join hands    sich die Hände reichen
  • join in    mitmachen bei, sich beteiligen an, mitsingen
  • join issue    sich mit jmdm. auf eine Diskussion über etwas einlassen
  • join the army    zur Armee gehen
  • join the banner    dem Banner folgen
  • join the ranks    Mitglied einer großen Gruppe werden
  • join up    zum Militär einrücken, münden, miteinander verbinden

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - συνδέω/-ομαι, ενώνω/-ομαι, κατατάσσομαι, εντάσσομαι, γίνομαι μέλος, συναντώ, γίνομαι παρέα, ματίζω, εγγράφομαι
n. - ένωση, ραφή, συμβολή

idioms:

  • join battle    μάχομαι
  • join forces    συμμαχώ, συμπαρατάσσομαι
  • join hands    δένω/ενώνω τα χέρια
  • join in    συμμετέχω
  • join issue with    συζητώ το θέμα με
  • join the army    κατατάσσομαι στο στρατό
  • join the banner    συμπαρατάσσομαι
  • join the ranks    ενώνομαι με, συντάσσομαι με
  • join up    κατατάσσομαι, πηγαίνω φαντάρος

Italiano (Italian)
collegare, riunire, prendere parte, sfociare in, aderire, giuntura

idioms:

  • join forces    allearsi
  • join hands    prendersi per mano
  • join in    partecipare a
  • join the ranks    entrare nelle file di
  • join up    arruolarsi

Português (Portuguese)
v. - juntar, conectar, encaixar
n. - junta (f), junção (f), encaixe (m)

idioms:

  • join forces    juntar as forças
  • join hands    dar as mãos
  • join in    juntar-se a, participar ativamente
  • join the ranks    alistar-se, inscrever-se
  • join up    combinar com alguém para fazer algo

Русский (Russian)
соединение, связь, точка, линия, плоскость соединения, соединять, соединяться, соседствовать, вступить в члены (партии), возвратиться, снова занять свое место

idioms:

  • join forces    объединять усилия
  • join hands    взяться за руки, действовать сообща
  • join in    присоединиться к кому-л.
  • join the ranks    поступить на военную службу
  • join up    поступить на военную службу

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - unir, enlazar, ligar, juntar, reunir, afiliarse, acoplar, afiliarse a, asociarse a (club, organización, etc.), abrazar (un partido, religión, etc.), alistarse en (el ejército), aunar, unificar, agrupar, juntarse (río o camino) con otro, lindar o colindar con
v. intr. - unirse, juntarse, asociarse, confederarse, colindar, lindar, tocarse, confluir (ríos, caminos)
n. - juntura, costura, unión

idioms:

  • join battle    trabar batalla
  • join forces    unirse con alguien, aliarse con alguien
  • join hands    tomarse de las manos, asociarse, ayudarse mutuamente, darse las manos
  • join in    participar en, tomar parte en, intervenir en
  • join issue    disputar con alguien, ponerse a discutir con, estar en desacuerdo con, edición conjunta
  • join the army    alistarse, entrar en filas, enrolarse
  • join the banner    adherirse a la causa de, ponerse bajo bandera
  • join the ranks    formar parte de un grupo determinado, sumarse a las filas de
  • join up    alistarse, enrolarse, juntarse, reunirse, empalmar, encajar

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - förena (sig med), förenas, mötas, råkas
n. - skarv, fog, hopfogning

中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
连接, 参加, 结合, 加入, 接合点

idioms:

  • join battle    参战
  • join forces    会战, 会师
  • join hands    会战, 联手
  • join in    参加, 加入
  • join issue with    与...争论
  • join the army    参军
  • join the banner    投到...旗帜下
  • join the ranks    协力
  • join up    连接, 入伍

中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 連接, 參加, 結合
v. intr. - 參加, 加入, 結合
n. - 連接, 接合點, 結合

idioms:

  • join battle    參戰
  • join forces    會戰, 會師
  • join hands    會戰, 聯手
  • join in    參加, 加入
  • join issue with    與...爭論
  • join the army    參軍
  • join the banner    投到...旗幟下
  • join the ranks    協力
  • join up    連接, 入伍

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 참가하다, 결합하다, 합치다
v. intr. - 이어지다, 인접하다, 함께 하다
n. - 접합부분, 결합, 합류

idioms:

  • join in    합치다, 참가하다
  • join issue with    반대하다, 논쟁을 시작하다
  • join up    교전하다

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - つなぐ, 結合する, 加わる, 一緒になる, 結び付ける, 合流する, 接する
n. - 接合箇所, 合流, 接合

idioms:

  • join battle    戦いを始める
  • join forces    力を合わせる
  • join hands    手と手をとり合う, 提携する, 手と手を取り合う, 手を結ぶ
  • join in    参加する
  • join ranks    同一歩調をとる, 戦列に加わる
  • join the army    入隊する
  • join the banner    旗下に加わる
  • join the ranks    同一歩調をとる, 戦列に加わる
  • join up    同盟する, 入隊する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) وصل, ضم الى, جمع, لحق ب, انضم الى, التحق ب (الاسم) وصول, التحاق, انضمام‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮חיבר, צירף, איחד, קשר‬
v. intr. - ‮הצטרף אל, התחבר, השתתף‬
n. - ‮חיבר, מקום החיבור‬


 
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American Sign Language
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