Wikipedia:

Joseph C. Wilson

This page is for the diplomat. For others of that name see Joseph Wilson.
For more detail about the political scandal, see Plame affair.
Joseph C. Wilson, IV
Joseph_Wilson.jpg
President's Lecture, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, October 17, 2005
Born Joseph Charles Wilson, IV
November 6 1949 (1949--) (age 58)
Bridgeport, Connecticut
Occupation strategic management consultant; retired diplomat
Spouse Valerie E. Wilson (3 April 1998)
Children two (with Valerie E. Wilson); two from previous marriage
[1]

Joseph Charles Wilson, IV (born November 61949) is currently the Vice Chairman of Jarch Capital, LLC, a firm focused on African natural resources. He is a retired diplomat of the United States Foreign Service, who was posted to African nations and Iraq during the George H. W. Bush administration. During the George W. Bush administration, after his retirement from foreign service, Wilson became known to the general public as a result of his controversial op-ed "What I Didn't Find in Africa," published in the New York Times on July 6, 2003, four months after the 2003 invasion of Iraq began. In it Wilson documents his February 2002 mission to Niger on behalf of the CIA to investigate whether Iraq purchased or attempted to purchase yellowcake from Niger since the late 1990s, pertaining to the 2002–2003 Iraq disarmament crisis, and, based on that experience, he concludes that, in justifying the Iraq War, the Bush administration "twisted" at least "some of the intelligence related to Iraq's nuclear weapons program ... to exaggerate the Iraqi threat."[2]

The next week, on 14 July, 2003, Robert Novak identified "Wilson's wife" publicly as "an agency operative on weapons of mass destruction" named "Valerie Plame" in his syndicated column in The Washington Post.[3] Novak's public disclosure of Mrs. Wilson's then-still-classified covert CIA identity as "Valerie Plame" led to a major political scandal.

Early life and education

Wilson was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1949, to Joseph Charles Wilson III and Phyllis (Finnell) Wilson, and grew up in California and Europe (Wilson, Politics of Truth 32-33).[4]

He was raised in a "proud Republican family" in which "there is a long tradition of politics and service to country" and for which "Politics was a staple around the table."[5] His mother's uncle James ("Sunny Jim") Rolph was mayor of San Francisco from 1912 to 1931, "the city's longest-serving mayor," and served as governor of California "until his death in office in 1934."[5] For his mother's brothers, as they told their new brother-in-law (who was to become Wilson's father), Barry Goldwater was "a bit liberal."[5] Military service was also a strong part of his family history: both his grandfathers had served in the two world wars, his paternal grandfather (the "Colonel") receiving both the British Distinguished Flying Cross and the French Croix de Guerre "for his exploits in World War I,"[6] and his son, Wilson's father Joe, "was a Marine pilot in World War II and was among the last pilots to take off from the deck of the aircraft Franklin just before it was hit by two bombs dropped from a Japanese dive-bomber, one of which exploded amid planes waiting to take off," resulting in "the deaths of more than seven hundred American servicemen. . . . He never forgot how lucky he was to have survived––not to mention that my younger brother and I would never have been born."[5]

In 1968, Wilson matriculated at the University of California, Santa Barbara, majoring, he onced joked, in "history, volleyball, and surfing," maintaining a "C" average, and working as a carpenter for five years after his graduation in 1971.[6][7] He became more serious about his education, "won a graduate fellowship and studied public administration."[7]

The Vietnam protests of the late 1960s galvanized him along with much of his generation and "pitted parents against kids in [his] family just as it did in many households around the country."[6]

Diplomatic career

Having become fluent in French as a teenager, Wilson entered the U.S. Foreign Service in 1976, as "a general services officer -- responsible for keeping the power on and the cars running, among other duties -- in Niamey, Niger."[7]

Wilson served in the U.S. diplomatic corps from January 1976 through 1998, with postings in five different African nations between 1976 and 1988.[8]

From 1988 to 1991, he was the Deputy Chief of Mission (to U.S. Ambassador to Iraq April Catherine Glaspie) at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq. In the wake of Iraq's 1990 Invasion of Kuwait, he became the last American diplomat to meet with Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, telling him in very clear terms to "get out of Kuwait".[9] When Hussein sent a note to Wilson (along with other embassy heads in Baghdad) threatening to execute anyone sheltering foreigners in Iraq, Wilson publicly repudiated the dictator by appearing at a press conference wearing a homemade noose around his neck, and declaring, "If the choice is to allow American citizens to be taken hostage or to be executed, I will bring my own fucking rope."

Despite Hussein's threats, Wilson sheltered more than one hundred Americans at the embassy, and successfully evacuated several thousand people (Americans and other nationals) from the country. He was praised by President George H. W. Bush for his actions: "...when I arrived back in Washington on January 13, 1991, the very next day I was in the Oval Office ... The President introduced me to his War Cabinet as a true American hero."[10]

Wilson next served for three years as U.S. ambassador to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe, and subsequently helped direct Africa policy for the National Security Council during the administration of President Bill Clinton.[11]

Diplomatic postings:[8]

Wilson's trip to Niger and ensuing controversy

See also: Iraqi aluminum tubes and Senate Reports of Pre-war Intelligence on Iraq pertaining to Joseph C. Wilson's Niger trip

In late February of 2002, Wilson was sent to Niger on behalf of the CIA to investigate the possibility that Saddam Hussein had a deal to buy enriched uranium yellowcake. Wilson met with the current U.S. Ambassador to Niger, Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick at the embassy and was informed that she had already debunked that story; however, they agreed that Wilson would interview dozens of officials who had been in the Niger government when the deal had supposedly taken place. He ultimately concluded: "it was highly doubtful that any such transaction had ever taken place."[2] Wilson reported that former Nigerian Prime Minister Ibrahim Assane Mayaki did meet with the Iraqi delegation, but that what was meant by the Iraqi's suggestion that the two countries "expand[] commercial relations" was never discussed, and that Mayaki steered conversation away from the topic of Iraqi trade because Iraq was under United Nations sanctions.[12][13][14]

After President Bush's January 2003 State of the Union Address, in which Bush stated that "The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa,"[15][16] Wilson contributed an op-ed to the July 6, 2003, New York Times entitled "What I Didn't Find in Africa," in which he asserted that "some of the intelligence related to Iraq's nuclear weapons program was twisted to exaggerate the Iraqi threat."[2] The op-ed attracted attention to the contents of Wilson's original report and whether it was paid enough heed by the administration.

George Tenet, the director of the CIA during Wilson's trip, has said that the administration was not directly briefed on Wilson's report "because this report, in our view, did not resolve whether Iraq was or was not seeking uranium from abroad, it was given a normal and wide distribution (within the intelligence community), but we did not brief it to the President, Vice-President or other senior Administration officials."[17] In his memoir, At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA, Tenet writes, "This unremarkable report was disseminated, but because it produced no solid answers, there wasn't any urgency to brief its results to senior officials such as the vice president ... As far as we could tell, the Wilson summary was never delivered to Cheney. In fact, I have no recollection myself of hearing about Wilson's trip at the time."[18]

Commentators differed as to whether Bush's statements were supported by the conclusions of Wilson's reports. A July 2004 Wall Street Journal editorial found that Wilson's claims of distortion were justified,[19] though a July 2005 WSJ editorial, on the other hand, asserted that Wilson lied in the editorial about "what he'd discovered in Africa, how he'd discovered it, what he'd told the CIA about it, or even why he was sent on the mission."[20] Likewise, an April 2006 Washington Post editorial claimed that "Mr. Wilson was the one guilty of twisting the truth and that, in fact, his report [to the CIA] supported the conclusion that Iraq had sought uranium."[21] A July 2006 Washington Post news report, however, suggested that Bush's speech and selective declassification gave the impression that the intelligence was more certain than it truly was, supporting Wilson's claims.[22] David Corn has also supported Wilson's editorial.[23]

Role in Valerie Plame leak

See also: Plame affair

On 14 July, 2003, one week after Wilson's New York Times op-ed, Robert Novak identified "Wilson's wife" publicly as "an agency operative on weapons of mass destruction" named "Valerie Plame" in his syndicated column in The Washington Post.[3] Novak's public disclosure of Mrs. Wilson's then-still-classified covert CIA identity as "Valerie Plame" led to the appointment of a Special Counsel, the CIA leak grand jury investigation, the indictment and successful prosecution of Lewis Libby in United States v. Libby for perjury, obstruction of justice, and making false statements to federal investigators, U.S. Congressional investigations in which both Wilsons have testified, political debate about the contexts of Wilson's Niger trip, and a civil lawsuit by the Wilsons against former and current officials of the Bush administration, Plame v. Cheney (dismissed on July 19, 2007 in U.S. District Court in a decision appealed the next day).

Claims that Wilson disclosed his wife's identity

According to a post on the conservative website WorldNetDaily, retired U.S. Army Major General Paul E. Vallely claimed on 3 November 2005 that former Ambassador Wilson "mentioned Plame's status as a CIA employee over the course of at least three, possibly five, conversations in 2002 [one year before she was allegedly "outed"] in the Fox News Channel's 'green room' in Washington, D.C., as they waited to appear on air as analysts," that Wilson "introduced Plame at cocktail parties and other social events around Washington as his CIA wife," and that her working at the CIA was "pretty common knowledge" because she had "been out there on the Washington scene many years."[24] If Plame were a covert agent at the time, Vallely said, "he would not have paraded her around as he did."[24][25][26] The conservative political blog RedState reported that Lt. General Tom McInerney (USAF Retired) said that Joe Wilson also "boasted" about his wife's job with the CIA to him while they were waiting in the green room at FOX News.[27][25][28] These claims contradict the 28 Oct. 2005 Office of the Special Counsel indictment of Lewis "Scooter" Libby, which states that "At all relevant times from January 1, 2002 through July 2003, Valerie Wilson was employed by the CIA, and her employment status was classified. Prior to July 14, 2003, Valerie Wilson’s affiliation with the CIA was not common knowledge outside the intelligence community."[29]

Wilson demanded through his lawyer that Vallely retract these allegations, calling them "patently false."[30][25] Wilson vigorously disputed the General's claims regarding any such conversation touching on his wife's "employment," according to Art Moore on WorldNetDaily.[31][25] According to Moore, Wilson has also labeled these further claims "slanderous," while serving notice of possible legal repercussions on Vallely, McInerney, and WorldNetDaily.[31]

Other commentators have discussed the veracity of Vallely's claims. According to Brit Hume of Fox News, "Vallely and Wilson appeared on the same day nine times in 2002, and on the same show twice — on September 8 and September 12, when both men appeared within 15 minutes of one another."[32] According to the liberal political blog Crooks and Liars, on the other hand, only on September 12, 2002, were the two in the green room within hours of each other.[33] Various former Fox News guests have speculated that such a green room conversation is unlikely.[34][35][36] The liberal Media Matters for America asserts that it is clear that Vallely did not have any such firsthand experience of his own pertaining to Wilson's wife's "employment".[25][31]

Consequences of Armitage acknowledging his role in leak

In August 2006, the New York Times reported that Richard Armitage acknowledged that it was his conversation with Novak that spurred the leak controversy.[37] Some commentators used this revelation to criticize Wilson, arguing that no political conspiracy existed to smear Wilson, and that Wilson himself was ultimately responsible for the disclosure of his wife's identity.[38][39]

The Wilsons' civil suit

See main article: Plame v. Cheney

On July 13, 2006, Joseph and Valerie Wilson filed a civil lawsuit against Dick Cheney, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Karl Rove, and other unnamed senior White House officials (among whom they later added Richard Armitage[40]) for their role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status.[41] Judge John D. Bates dismissed the Wilson's lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds on July 19, 2007;[42][43][44][45] the Wilsons have since appealed.[46]

Employment, books, and movie deal after retirement from foreign service

Wilson manages JC Wilson International Ventures Corporation, a consulting firm specializing in strategic management and international business development.[47][4]

(New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005.)
Enlarge
(New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005.)

In 2004 Wilson published a political and personal memoir entitled The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004; paperback ed., 2005). Wilson's autobiographical account of over two decades of his life in foreign service includes detailed descriptions of his extensive diplomatic-career experiences, his first marriage and family, briefer references to his second marriage, his meeting of Valerie Plame, their courtship and marriage, and a detailed narrative of the events leading to his decision to go public with his criticisms of the George W. Bush administration and its aftermath, extended in appendices of chronological "timelines" and "Newspaper Commentaries Published by Ambassador Joseph Wilson Before and After the United States Invasion of Iraq in 2003" (461-86).

On the evening of the verdict in the Libby trial, Joseph C. Wilson appeared on Larry King Live, during which he announced that he and his wife had "signed a deal with Warner Bros of Hollywood to offer their consulting services - or maybe more - in the making of the forthcoming movie about the Libby trial," their lives and the CIA leak scandal.[48] According to an article by Michael Fleming published in Variety earlier in the week, the feature film, a co-production between Weed Road's Akiva Goldsman and Jerry and Janet Zucker of Zucker Productions with a screenplay by Jez and John Butterworth to be based in part on Valerie Wilson's forthcoming book "Fair Game" (contingent on CIA clearances), was scheduled for release in August 2007.[49]

Political history and views

At the midpoint of his career as a diplomat, Wilson served for a year (1985–1986) as a Congressional Fellow in the offices of Senator Al Gore and Representative Tom Foley; his working for Democrats was simply a matter of "happenstance."[50] That experience helped him to achieve his position as Special Assistant to President Bill Clinton and Senior Director for African Affairs, National Security Council, over a decade later, in 1997-1998, when he arranged the first trip of President Clinton to Africa (Chapter Thirteen: "Taking President Clinton to Africa," 261-73 in Wilson, Politics of Truth). That was his final position when he retired from government service, in 1998, after "twenty-three years as an officer in the United States diplomatic corps" (Chapter Fourteen: "Private Citizen" in Wilson, Politics of Truth 274). It was as a "private citizen" with extensive knowledge and experience of Africa, and specifically of Niger, that he was tapped to travel there again on behalf of the CIA in February 2002; he returned in March 2002.

Also as a "private citizen," in 2000, Wilson had donated $2,000 to Vice President Gore’s presidential campaign and $1,000 to George W. Bush's presidential campaign, but he voted for Gore and Lieberman in the general election.[51] Of the 2000 election he writes:

In retrospect, I was naïve in thinking that a mature democracy like ours would naturally embrace the rule of law and engage in polite discourse instead of the law of tooth and claw I had seen operate abroad. In this case, the shameless lust for power, and the genuine hatred among the right wing for Bill Clinton, just overwhelmed the Democrats. I was appalled by the gutter tactics of the out-of-state rabble that bullied public servants and intimidated them into stopping the recount of ballots in Miami-Dade County. I had railed against such conduct in flawed elections in Africa, and disliked it just as much in my own country.

Although I had voted for the candidate who ultimately lost the election, I assumed hopefully, and naïvely again, that once in office George W. Bush and his experienced team would curb the excesses of the extremists, and that the country would be in good hands. Valerie and I even attended a swank inauguration reception on Pennsylvania Avenue where we looked down on the president's parade route and celebrated with Bush supporters the peaceful transition of power that is the hallmark of our democracy.

In May 2002, "several months after [his] trip to Niger," Wilson writes, he "participated in the annual conference of the American Turkish Council," one of whose "keynote speakers was Richard Perle, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and one of the most virulent of the neoconservative war advocates. . . . In his speech at the conference, Perle spoke openly of a coming war with Iraq. His words, laden with the fire and brimstone of the true zealot, troubled me deeply. In a symposium that I cochaired the same afternoon with the former Turkish military commander, Cevik Bir, I voiced concerns. It was the first time in more than a decade that I'd spoken publicly about Iraq."[52]

In 2003 Wilson began to support and formally endorsed John Kerry for president, donated $2,000 to his campaign, and served as an advisor to and speechwriter for the campaign in 2003 and 2004.[53] He has made contributions to the campaigns of Democratic candidates, such as Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts and Congressman Charles B. Rangel of New York, and to Republican Congressman Ed Royce of California.[54]

After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson supported activist groups like Win Without War, a nonpartisan coalition of groups united in opposition to the Iraq War, has been quoted in the organization's press releases, and has been attacked by conservatives for such anti-war activism.[55] Nevertheless, according to an article to which Scott Shane and Lynette Clemetson contributed, published in the New York Times: "Despite conservatives' efforts to portray him as a left-wing extremist, [Wilson] insisted he remained a centrist at heart. But after his tangle with the current administration, he admits 'it will be a cold day in hell before I vote for a Republican, even for dog catcher.'"[56]

Wilson endorses Veterans for a Secure America (VSA).

On July 16, 2007, Wilson endorsed Democratic Senator from New York Hillary Clinton for President of the United States in 2008.[57]

Personal life and family

Former Ambassador Wilson currently lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, with his third wife, Valerie E. Wilson (the former Valerie Elise Plame) and their two children, twins Trevor Rolph and Samantha Finnell Diana, born in 2000.[10]

He is also the father of another set of twins, also a boy and a girl, Sabrina Cecile and Joseph Charles, who were born in 1979, during his first marriage to his "college sweetheart," Susan Otchis, which ended amicably in the mid-80s, toward the end of his service in Burundi; they were divorced in 1986. For the next twelve years, Wilson was married to his second wife, Jacqueline, "a Frenchwoman who had been raised in Africa" (Wilson, Politics of Truth 68-69).

Wilson met Plame in 1997, while working for President Bill Clinton; they married in 1998, after his divorce from Jacqueline, which had been "delayed because I was never in one place long enough to complete the process," though he and she had already been living separate lives since the mid-90s (Wilson, Politics of Truth 242).

Among his hobbies are golf, bicycling, and fitness.[58][50]

Honors

Public service awards

Decorations

  • Commander in the Order of the Equatorial Star (Government of Gabon)
  • Admiral in the El Paso Navy (El Paso County Commissioners)

Other awards

  • BuzzFlash Wings of Justice Award, shared with wife, Valerie Plame (2005).[61]
  • Ron Ridenhour Award for Truth-Telling (from the Fertel Foundation and The Nation Institute, Oct. 2003)[50]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Joseph C. Wilson, IV, ""The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife's CIA Identity," President's Lecture, "President's Lecture Series", List of Speakers, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, October 17, 2005, accessed August 7, 2007. Wilson also participated in a panel discussion on the occasion of his delivering the Clark University President's Lecture.
  2. ^ a b c Joseph C. Wilson IV, "What I Didn't Find in Africa", The New York Times, July 6, 2003, accessed September 17, 2006.
  3. ^ a b Robert D. Novak, "Mission to Niger", The Washington Post, July 14, 2003, A21, accessed 8 July, 2007.
  4. ^ a b "Wilson: From Envoy to Accuser: Profile of the Diplomat at the Center of the CIA Leak Dispute", CBS News, October 1, 2003, "Special Report: Iraq After Saddam", accessed July 27, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c d Wilson, Politics of Truth 31.
  6. ^ a b c Wilson, Politics of Truth 32.
  7. ^ a b c Richard Leiby, "Man Behind the Furor: Wilson: Envoy With an Independent Streak" Washington Post October 1, 2003, A01; rpt. in u-r-next.com, accessed September 26, 2006.
  8. ^ a b "Diplomatic Career of Ambassador Joseph Wilson", Politics of Truth 451.
  9. ^ See Chapter Five, "How to Shake Hands with a Dictator," 107-27 in the 2005 paperback ed. of Wilson,The Politics of Truth.
  10. ^ a b Amy Goodman and Juan Gonzalez, "'He Has Subverted the Rule of Law and the System of Justice' -- Former U.S. Ambassador Joseph Wilson Reacts to Bush's Commutation of Lewis 'Scooter' Libby Jail Sentence in Outing of Valerie Plame", "Rush Transcript" of interview with Joseph C. Wilson, IV, on Democracy Now!, July 5, 2005, accessed July 23, 2007.
  11. ^ See Chapter Eight: "Watching the War from a Distance", Chapter Nine: "All in a Diplomat's Life––from Gabon to Albania", Chapter Ten: "Diplomats and Generals", and Chapter Eleven: "Coming Home for Good", 182-210 in the 2005 paperback ed. of Wilson, Politics of Truth.
  12. ^ See particularly Part B ("Former Ambassador") of Sec. II: "Niger" in United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Together with Additional ViewsPDF (24.1 MiB), July 7, 2004, revised July 9, 2004, (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2004) 36-83, accessed July 29, 2007. Cf. Congressional Reports: Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Together with Additional Views, online posting, gpoaccess.gov, July 7, 2004, rev. July 9, 2004, accessed July 29, 2007. (Provides PDF links to full texts in "Table of Contents".)
  13. ^ Cf. II.B.: "Niger": "Former Ambassador", rpt. globalsecurity.org, accessed July 29, 2007.
  14. ^ Cf. "Full Text: Conclusions of Senate's Iraq Report: Report on the Prewar Intelligence Assessments", MSNBC, July 9, 2004, accessed July 23, 2007.
  15. ^ "President Delivers "State of the Union: The U.S. Capitol", press release, The White House, January 28, 2003, accessed July 23, 2007. (Full transcript of the speech.)
  16. ^ See, e.g, "16 Words" and "previous" link as provided by CNN.com, March 7, 2003, accessed July 23, 2007.
  17. ^ Quoted from George Tenet, "Statement by George J. Tenet, Director of Central Intelligence," official press release, Central Intelligence Agency July 11, 2003.
  18. ^ George Tenet, At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA (New York: HarperCollins, 2007) 454. ISBN 0061147788 (10); ISBN 978-0061147784 (13).
  19. ^ "On the Record: Saddam, Uranium and Africa: What Two Investigations Say about Bush's Statements on Iraq, Yellowcake and Niger"], The Wall Street Journal, July 15, 2004, accessed September 22, 2006.
  20. ^ "Karl Rove, Whistleblower: He Told the Truth about Joe Wilson", The Wall Street Journal July 13, 2005, Review & Outlook: Editorial.
  21. ^ "A Good Leak: President Bush Declassified Some of the Intelligence He Used to Decide On War in Iraq. Is that a scandal?" The Washington Post, April 9, 2006: B06, accessed September 18, 2006.
  22. ^ Dafna Linzer and Barton Gellman, with research contributed by Julie Tate, "A 'Concerted Effort' to Discredit Bush Critic: Prosecutor Describes Cheney, Libby as Key Voices Pitching Iraq-Niger Story", The Washington Post, April 9, 2006: A01, accessed July 29, 2007.
  23. ^ David Corn, "A White House Smear", The Nation, July 15, 2003, accessed September 23, 2006.
  24. ^ a b
  25. ^ a b c d e Cf. "Two Years into Leak Investigation, Gen. Vallely Suddenly Claims, in Contradictory Statements, That Wilson Revealed Plame's Identity to Him", Media Matters for America, November 9, 2005, accessed September 23, 2006 (incl. QuickTime video with audio voiceovers).
  26. ^ In subsequent media appearances and online posts in WorldNetDaily, General Vallely revised the number of times that he claimed to have met and spoken with Wilson specifically about his wife's "employment" at the CIA (yet still not her specific status as a NOC) to only "one occasion."[citation needed]
  27. ^ John Batchelor, "West Point Rallies Against Wilson," RedState (blog) November 6, 2005, accessed September 19, 2006.
  28. ^ In later media appearances, McInerney backed away from this claim.[citation needed]
  29. ^
  30. ^ Joseph Farah and Art Moore, "The Plame Game: Joe Wilson Fumes Over Vallely Charges in WND: Demands Retraction of Statements Alleging He 'Outed' Wife in Fox Studio," WorldNetDaily, November 5, 2005, accessed September 19, 2006.
  31. ^ a b c Art Moore, "The Plame Game: General Wants Wilson Apology: Threatened Again with Lawsuit Over Claim of 'Outing' CIA Wife," WorldNetDaily, November 8, 2005, accessed September 19, 2006.
  32. ^ "Special Report with Brit Hume," "Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire?" FoxNews, November 11,2005.
  33. ^ "Vallely and Wilson Fox Appearances," Crooks and Liars (blog), November 8, 2005, updated April 2, 2006, accessed September 19, 2006.
  34. ^ Jeralyn Merritt, "Swift Boating Joseph Wilson Won't Work", TalkLeft (blog), November 8, 2005, updated November 9, 2006, accessed September 19, 2006.
  35. ^ Wayne Madsen, "When Lying Generals Lie," waynemadsenreport.com (column), November 15, 2005, accessed September 20, 2006.
  36. ^ Larry C. Johnson, "Trying to Smear Joe Wilson," No Quarter (blog) November 8, 2005, accessed September 19, 2006. Cf. Larry C. Johnson, "Plame Update," No Quarter (blog) October 5, 2005, accessed September 28, 2005.
  37. ^ Neil A. Lewis, "Source of C.I.A. Leak Said to Admit Role", The New York Times, August 30, 2006.
  38. ^ "End of an Affair: It Turns Out That the Person Who Exposed CIA Agent Valerie Plame Was Not Out to Punish Her Husband", The Washington Post, September 1, 2006: A20.
  39. ^ Robert Novak, "Armitage's Leak", TownHall.com, September 14, 2006, accessed September 17, 2006.
  40. ^ "Armitage Added to Plame Law Suit", CBS News, September 13, 2006, accessed September 25, 2006; includes PDF. Cf. Amended complaint at FindLaw.com.
  41. ^ Proskauer Rose LLP, "Valerie Plame Wilson and Ambassador Joseph Wilson Initiate a Civil Action Against Vice President Cheney, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby for Violations of their Constitutional and Other Legal Rights", Yahoo Business Wire (Press Release), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006; cf. "Lame Plame Game Flames Out"PDF (41.8 KiB), rpt. in How Appealing (blog), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15. 2006.
  42. ^ Associated Press, "Valerie Plame's Lawsuit Dismissed", USA Today, July 19, 2007, accessed 19 July, 2007.
  43. ^ "Judge Tosses Out Ex-Spy's Lawsuit Against Cheney in CIA Leak Case", CNN.com, July 19, 2007, accessed July 19, 2007.
  44. ^ Carol D. Leonnig, "Plame's Lawsuit Against Top Officials Dismissed", The Washington Post, 20 July, 2007, accessed 20 July, 2007.
  45. ^ "Memorandum Opinon", in "Valerie Wilson, et al., Plaintiffs, v. I. Lewis Libby, Jr., et al., Defendants", "Civil Action No. 06-1258 (JDB)", United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 19 July, 2007, accessed 20 July, 2007.
  46. ^ Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust Home Page, [July 20, 2007], accessed July 27, 2007. Cf. "Statement on Ambassador Joseph and Valerie Wilsons' Appeal Filed on July 20", Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), July 20, 2007, accessed July 27, 2007.
  47. ^ "Joseph Wilson", biography at Greater Talent Network Inc. (Speakers Bureau), accessed July 26, 2007.
  48. ^ Matt Frei"Washington diary: Libby, the Movie", BBC News (Washington) March 7, 2007, accessed March 18,2007; cf. transcript of Larry King interview with Joseph C. Wilson, "Ex-Cheney Aide Found Guilty", Larry King Live, CNN, broadcast March 6, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007.
  49. ^ Michael Fleming, "Plame Film in Works at Warner Bros.: Studio Sets Movie about CIA Leak Scandal", Variety, March 1, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007.
  50. ^ a b c
  51. ^ Wilson, The Politics of Truth 278-80, 282; cf. Newsmeat: Campaign Contributions Search.
  52. ^ Wilson, Politics of Truth 291.
  53. ^ Wilson, Politics of Truth 410-12; cf. Newsmeat. See also Joseph Curl, "Spouse of Outed CIA Officer Signs On with Kerry," Washington Times February 14, 2004.
  54. ^ Joseph C. Wilson search at opensecrets.org, n.d., accessed September 17, 2006.
  55. ^ See Wilson, Politics of Truth 381 and press release, winwithoutwarus.org, September 24, 2003; cf. Joseph Curl, "Spouse of Outed CIA Officer Signs On with Kerry", The Washington Times, February 14, 2004.
  56. ^ Qtd. by Scott Shane and Lynette Clemetson, contributors to "Private Spy and Public Spouse Live At Center of Leak Case", The New York Times, July 5, 2005, National Desk: A1, col. 2 (Late Ed. - Final).
  57. ^ "Frm. Ambassador Joseph Wilson Endorses Clinton", press release, online posting, Hillary Clinton.com (official site), July 16, 2007, accessed July 23, 2007.
  58. ^ See entry on Joseph C. Wilson in Marquis Who's Who.
  59. ^ Department of State AwardsPDF (161 KiB).
  60. ^ Past Award Winners
  61. ^ "Ambassador Joseph Wilson Updates BuzzFlash on the Bush Administration's Betrayal of Our National Security: A BuzzFlash Interview", buzzflash.com September 12, 2006, accessed September 19, 2006. (Extensive interview with Joseph C. Wilson on the occasion of the award.)

References