There are a number of languages associated with Judaism. The most common are:
1. Hebrew
2. Aramaic
3. Yiddish
4. Ladino
Here is a more complete list of Jewish languages, including some very rare ones, grouped by language families:
Semitic: Hebrew, Aramaic (referred to as Jewish Aramaic or Talmudic Aramaic), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, Neo-Aramaic (dialects include: Lishanid Noshan, Lishanid Janan, Lishana Noshan, Lishana Deni, Lishan Didan), Judeo-Arabic (many dialects, including: Judeo-Iraqi - all are qeltu Arabic dialects), Judeo-Moroccan, Judeo-Yemenite, Judeo-Libyan, Judeo-Algerian, also several Judeo-Arabic dialects spoken in northern Syria and Iraq.
Berber: Judeo-Berber
Cushitic: Kayla (Qwara), Kaïliña
Germanic: Yiddish, Yinglish, Yeshivish, Klezmer-loshn, Judendeutsch (German in Hebrew characters which the Rothschilds communicated with), "Scots Yiddish"
Italic: Judeo-Latin and its putative descendants, the Judeo-Romance languages: Ladino, Shuadit (Judeo-Provençal), Zarphatic (Judeo-French), Judeo-Portuguese, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-Piedmontese, Bagitto (Jewish Livornese dialect), Catalanic (Judeo-Catalan), Judeo-Aragonese
Slavic: Knaanic (Judeo-Czech)
Greek: Yevanic (Judeo-Greek)
Indo-Iranian (Judeo-Persian languages and Indo-Aryan languages): Dzhidi (Judeo-Persian), Bukhori, Judeo-Golpaygani, Judeo-Yazdi, Judeo-Kermani, Judeo-Shirazi, Judeo-Esfahani, Judeo-Hamedani, Judeo-Kashani, Judeo-Borujerdi, Judeo-Nehevandi, Judeo-Khunsari, Juhuri language(Judeo-Tat), Judeo-Marathi
Turkic: Krymchak (Judeo-Tartar), Karaim language (Spoken by the Karaites of Crimea and Lithuania)
Kartvelian: Gruzinic
Dravidian: Judeo-Malayalam