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juggernaut

 
(jŭg'ər-nôt') pronunciation
n.
  1. Something, such as a belief or institution, that elicits blind and destructive devotion or to which people are ruthlessly sacrificed.
  2. An overwhelming, advancing force that crushes or seems to crush everything in its path: "It doesn't assume that people need necessarily remain passive when confronted by what appears to be the juggernaut of history" (Christopher Lehmann-Haupt).
  3. Juggernaut Used as a title for the Hindu deity Krishna.

[Hindi jagannāth, title of Krishna, from Sanskrit jagannāthaḥ, lord of the world : jagat, moving, the world (from earlier present participle of jigāti, he goes) + nāthaḥ, lord (from nāthate, he helps, protects). Senses 1 and 2, from the fact that worshipers have thrown themselves under the wheels of a huge car or wagon on which the idol of Krishna was drawn in an annual procession at Puri in east-central India.]


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Juggernaut

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The Car of Juggernaut, as depicted in the 1851 Illustrated London Reading Book.
Modern festival in 2007.

A juggernaut (About this sound American pronunciation ) in colloquial English usage is a literal or metaphorical force regarded as mercilessly destructive and unstoppable. Originating ca. 1850, the term is a metaphorical reference to the Hindu Ratha Yatra temple car which was apocryphally reputed to crush devotees under its wheels.

The word is derived from the Sanskrit Jagannātha (Devanagari जगन्नाथ) "world-lord", one of the names of Krishna found in the Sanskrit epics.[1]

The English loanword juggernaut in the sense of "a huge wagon bearing an image of a Hindu god" is from the 17th century, inspired by the Jagannath Temple in Puri, Orissa, which has the Ratha Yatra ("chariot procession"), an annual procession of chariots carrying the murtis (statues) of Jagannâth (Krishna), Subhadra and Balabhadra (Krishna's elder brother).

The first European description of this festival is found in the 14th-century The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, which apocryphally[2] describes Hindus, as a religious sacrifice, casting themselves under the wheels of these huge chariots and being crushed to death. Others have suggested more prosaically that the deaths, if any, were accidental and caused by the press of the crowd and the general commotion.[3]

The figurative sense of the English word, with the sense of "something that demands blind devotion or merciless sacrifice" was coined in the mid-19th century. For example, it was used to describe the out-of-control character Hyde in Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.[4] The term is often applied to a large machine, or collectively to a team or group of people working together, or even a growing political movement led by a charismatic leader—and it often bears an association with being crushingly destructive.

Notes

  1. ^ dictionary.reference.com
  2. ^ Juggernaut, Online Etymology Dictionary
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ Jane Lilienfeld "Review of Thomas Reed's The Transforming Draught: Jekyll and Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson and the Victorian Alcohol debate", Victorian Studies Vol. 50 Issue 1, 2007.

Translations:

Juggernaut

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - Jagannath

Nederlands (Dutch)
grote zware vrachtwagen, moloch, groot Krishna-beeld in processie

Français (French)
n. - (fig) force/poussée irrésistible, forces aveugles, cause/conviction pour laquelle on est sacrifié ou on se sacrifie soi-même, énorme poids lourd, semi-remorque, mastodonte

Deutsch (German)
n. - Moloch, Monster

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - μεγαθήριο, τεράστια νταλίκα

Italiano (Italian)
colosso, grande camion

Português (Portuguese)
n. - rolo (m) compressor (fig.) (força que destrói tudo à sua frente), seita (f) ou credo (m) destrutivo

Русский (Russian)
статуя Кришны, вывозимая на ежегодном праздненстве, безжалостная сила, оружие большой разрушительной силы, могущественная группа, многоосный грузовик

Español (Spanish)
n. - monstruo destructivo, fuerza irresistible

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - långtradare, jättetruck, (bildl) ångvält

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
札格纳特, 讫里什那神像

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 札格納特, 訖里什那神像

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 인도의 크리슈나 신상, 거대한 파괴력이 있는 것, 초대형 폭주트럭

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 圧倒的な破壊力, 長距離トラック, 不可抗力

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) اله الكون عند الهنود, قوة عارمه تبيد كل ما يعترضها‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮משאית ענקית, מפלצת דורסנית, אמונה התובעת קורבנות, כוח או עצם כלשהו גדולים מאד‬


 
 
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American Heritage Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Random House Word Menu. © 2010 Write Brothers Inc. Word Menu is a registered trademark of the Estate of Stephen Glazier. Write Brothers Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
 Rhymes. Oxford University Press. © 2006, 2007 All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia on Answers.com. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Juggernaut Read more
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