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The jugular foramen lies between the occipital bone and the temporal bone.
Trigeminal nerve is the nerve that does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull
The temporal bone is the site of jugular foramen and the carotid canal.
The glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and Vagus (X) exit the skull through the jugular foramen.
Jugular foramen and cartoid canal