July 10

July 10 is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 174 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 48 BC – Battle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
• 138 – Emperor Hadrian dies after a heart failure at Baiae, he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
• 988 – Norse King Glun Iarainn recognises Máel Sechnaill II, High King of Ireland, and agrees to pay taxes and accept Brehon Law; the event is considered to be the founding of the city of Dublin.
• 1212 – The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground.
• 1460 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes King Henry VI prisoner in the Battle of Northampton.
• 1499 – Portuguese explorer Nicolau Coelho returns to Lisbon, after discovering the sea route to India as a companion of Vasco da Gama.
• 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England.
• 1584 – William I of Orange is assassinated in his home in Delft, Holland by Balthasar Gérard.
• 1645 – English Civil War: The Battle of Langport takes place.
• 1778 – American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River delta.
• 1806 – The Vellore Mutiny is the first instance of a mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company.
• 1821 – The United States takes possession of its newly bought territory of Florida from Spain.
• 1832 – U.S.President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
• 1850 – Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th President of the United States upon the death of President Zachary Taylor, 16 months into his term.
• 1877 – The then-villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain.
• 1882 – War of the Pacific: Chile suffers its last military defeat in the Battle of La Concepción when a garrison of 77 men is annihilated by a 1,300-strong Peruvian force, many of them armed with spears.
• 1890 – Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.
• 1911 – The Royal Australian Navy was established by HM King George V of Australia.
• 1913 – Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), the highest temperature recorded in the United States.
• 1921 – Belfast's Bloody Sunday: 16 people are killed and 161 houses destroyed during rioting and gun battles in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
• 1925 – Meher Baba begins his silence of 44 years. His followers observe Silence Day on this date in commemoration.
• 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins with John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act.
• 1938 – Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91 hour airplane flight around the world.
• 1940 – World War II: the Vichy government is established in France.
• 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – The German Luftwaffe begins attacking British convoys in the English Channel thus starting the battle (this start date is contested, though).
• 1941 – Jedwabne Pogrom: the massacre of Jewish people living in and near the village of Jedwabne in Poland.
• 1942 – Diplomatic relations between the Netherlands and the Soviet Union are established.
• 1946 – Hungarian hyperinflation sets a record with inflation of 348.46 percent per day, or prices doubling every eleven hours.
• 1947 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah is recommended as the first Governor-General of Pakistan by British Prime Minister Clement Attlee.
• 1951 – Korean War: Armistice negotiations begin at Kaesong.
• 1962 – Telstar, the world's first communications satellite, is launched into orbit.
• 1966 – The Chicago Freedom Movement, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., holds a rally at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois. As many as 60,000 people came to hear Dr. King as well as Mahalia Jackson, Stevie Wonder, and Peter Paul and Mary.
• 1967 – Uruguay becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1968 – Maurice Couve de Murville becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1971 – Hassan II of Morocco survives an attempted coup d'état, which lasts until June 11.
• 1973 – The Bahamas gain full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1973 – National Assembly of Pakistan passes a resolution on the recognition of Bangladesh.
• 1973 – John Paul Getty III, grandson of oil magnate J. Paul Getty, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy.
• 1976 – The Seveso disaster occurs in Italy.
• 1976 – One American and three British mercenaries are executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial.
• 1978 – World News Tonight premieres on ABC.
• 1978 – President Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauritania is ousted in a bloodless coup d'état.
• 1980 – Alexandra Palace burns down for a second time.
• 1985 – Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland, New Zealand harbour by French DGSE agents, killing Fernando Pereira.
• 1991 – The South African cricket team is readmitted into the International Cricket Council following the end of Apartheid.
• 1992 – In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations.
• 1997 – In London scientists report the findings of the DNA analysis of a Neanderthal skeleton which support the "out of Africa theory" of human evolution placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
• 1997 – Partido Popular (Spain) member Miguel Ángel Blanco is kidnapped in the Basque city of Ermua by ETA members, sparking widespread protests.
• 1998 – Roman Catholic sex abuse cases: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by former priest Rudolph Kos.
• 2000 – A leaking southern Nigerian petroleum pipeline explodes, killing about 250 villagers scavenging gasoline.
• 2000 – EADS, the world's second-largest aerospace group is formed by the merger of Aérospatiale-Matra, DASA, and CASA.
• 2002 – At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Thomson.
• 2003 – A Neoplan bus, owned by Kowloon Motor Bus, collides with a truck, falls off a bridge on Tuen Mun Road, Hong Kong, and plunges into the underlying valley, killing 21 people. This is the deadliest traffic accident to date in Hong Kong.
• 2005 – Hurricane Dennis slams into the Florida Panhandle, causing billions of dollars in damage.
• 2006 – Pakistan International Flight PK-688 crashes in Multan, Pakistan, shortly after takeoff, killing all 45 people on board.
• 2008 – Former Macedonian Interior Minister Ljube Boškoski is acquitted of all charges by a United Nations Tribunal accusing him of war crimes.
• 2011 – Russian cruise ship Bulgaria sunk in Volga near Syukeyevo, Tatarstan, leading to 122 deaths.

Births

• 1419 – Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (d. 1471)
• 1452 – King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)
• 1509 – John Calvin, French religious reformer (d. 1564)
• 1517 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (d. 1571)
• 1592 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (d. 1660)
• 1614 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman (d. 1686)
• 1625 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (d. 1703)
• 1638 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (d. 1685)
• 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (d. 1711)
• 1682 – Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg, German Lutheran missionary to India (d. 1719)
• 1682 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician (d. 1716)
• 1711 – Princess Amelia of Great Britain (d. 1783)
• 1723 – William Blackstone, English jurist (d. 1780)
• 1736 – Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (d. 1807)
• 1792 – George Mifflin Dallas, American politician (d. 1864)
• 1802 – Robert Chambers, Scottish author and naturalist (d. 1871)
• 1804 – Emma Hale Smith Bidamon, American religious figure (d. 1879)
• 1809 – Friedrich August von Quenstedt, German geologist (d. 1889)
• 1830 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (d. 1903)
• 1832 – Alvan Graham Clark, American telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1897)
• 1835 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)
• 1839 – Adolphus Busch, German-born brewer (d. 1913)
• 1856 – Nikola Tesla, Serb-American inventor (d. 1943)
• 1864 – Sir Austin Chapman, Australian policitian (d. 1926)
• 1867 – Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)
• 1871 – Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922)
• 1874 – Sergey Konenkov, Russian sculptor (d. 1971)
• 1875 – Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955)
• 1883 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948)
• 1888 – Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (d. 1978)
• 1895 – Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982)
• 1896 – Thérèse Casgrain, French Canadian politician and senator (d. 1981)
• 1897 – Karl Plagge, German officer (d. 1957)
• 1897 – Jack "Legs" Diamond", American bootlegger (d. 1931)
• 1898 – Renée Björling, Swedish actress (d. 1975)
• 1899 – John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
• 1899 – Heiri Suter, Swiss cyclist (d. 1978)
• 1900 – Sampson Sievers, Russian Orthodox priest (d. 1979)
• 1900 – Mitchell Parish, American lyricist (d. 1993)
• 1901 – Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese special effects director (d. 1970)
• 1902 – Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
• 1903 – John Wyndham, British author (d. 1969)
• 1903 – Werner Best, German jurist and Nazi leader (d. 1989)
• 1905 – Thomas Gomez, American actor (d. 1971)
• 1905 – Wolfram Sievers, Nazi physician (d. 1948)
• 1907 – Blind Boy Fuller, American blues guitarist (d. 1941)
• 1909 – Donald Sinclair, British hotel manager (d. 1981)
• 1913 – Salvador Espriu, Spanish poet (d. 1985)
• 1914 – Joe Shuster, Canadian-born cartoonist (d. 1992)
• 1917 – Reg Smythe, British cartoonist (Andy Capp) (d. 1998)
• 1917 – Don Herbert, American television host (d. 2007)
• 1917 – Hugh Alexander, American baseball player (d. 2000)
• 1920 – David Brinkley, American television reporter (d. 2003)
• 1920 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Harvey Ball, American inventor (d. 2001)
• 1921 – Jeff Donnell, American actress (d. 1988)
• 1921 – Jake LaMotta, American boxer
• 1921 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American activist (d. 2009)
• 1923 – Earl Hamner Jr., American author and television producer
• 1923 – Jean Kerr, American author (d. 2003)
• 1923 – G. A. Kulkarni, Indian (Marathi) writer (d. 1987)
• 1923 – John Bradley, American Navy corpsman (d. 1994)
• 1924 – Bobo Brazil, American professional wrestler (d. 1998)
• 1924 – Johnny Bach, American basketball coach
• 1926 – Fred Gwynne, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1927 – Grigory Barenblatt, Russian mathematician
• 1927 – Suzanne Cloutier, Canadian film actor (d. 2003)
• 1927 – David Norman Dinkins, New York City Mayor, 1990-1993
• 1928 – Moshe Greenberg, American-Israeli Bible scholar (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Alejandro de Tomaso, Argentine-Italian racing driver and car manufacturer (d. 2003)
• 1928 – Bernard Buffet, French painter (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Winnie Ewing, Scottish politician
• 1930 – Bruce Boa, Canadian actor (d. 2004)
• 1931 – Nick Adams, American actor (d. 1968)
• 1931 – Alice Munro, Canadian writer
• 1931 – Jerry Herman, American composer and lyricist
• 1931 – Julian May, American writer
• 1932 – Carlo Mario Abate, Italian racing driver
• 1933 – Jan DeGaetani, American mezzo-soprano (d. 1989)
• 1934 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer
• 1935 – Tura Satana, American actress (d. 2011)
• 1938 – Paul Andreu, French architect
• 1938 – Lee Morgan, American hard-bop trumpeter (d. 1972)
• 1939 – Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Turkish politician, journalist, and educator (d. 1999)
• 1940 – Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai, British economist
• 1940 – Helen Donath, American soprano
• 1940 – Tom Farmer, Scottish entrepreneur
• 1940 – Brian Priestley, English jazz writer and pianist
• 1941 – David G. Hartwell, American editor and anthologist
• 1941 – Ian Whitcomb, English songwriter, entertainer and producer
• 1942 – Ronnie James Dio, American musician (d. 2010)
• 1942 – Pyotr Klimuk, Soviet cosmonaut
• 1943 – Arthur Ashe, American tennis player (d. 1993)
• 1945 – John Motson, British sports (football) commentator
• 1945 – Jean-Marie Poiré, French film director
• 1945 – Virginia Wade, British tennis player
• 1945 – Ron Glass, American actor
• 1945 – Peter Michalica, Slovak violinist
• 1945 – Hal McRae American baseball player,
• 1946 – Sue Lyon, American actress
• 1947 – Arlo Guthrie, American musician
• 1948 – Chico Resch, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1949 – Anna Czerwińska, Polish mountaineer
• 1949 – Sunil Gavaskar, Indian cricketer
• 1949 – Greg Kihn, American pop musician & radio personality
• 1949 – John Whitehead, American singer and record producer (d.2004)
• 1950 – Prokopis Pavlopoulos, Greek politician
• 1951 – Phyllis Smith, American actress
• 1951 – Cheryl Wheeler, American singer and songwriter
• 1952 – Ludmilla Tourischeva, Russian gymnast
• 1952 – Kim Mitchell, Canadian guitarist/singer
• 1952 – Peter van Heemst, Dutch politician
• 1953 – Zoogz Rift, singer/songwriter and wrestling booker (d. 2011)
• 1953 – Rik Emmett, Canadian musician (Triumph)
• 1954 – Neil Tennant, British musician (Pet Shop Boys)
• 1954 – Andre Dawson, American baseball player
• 1954 – Tommy Bowden, American football coach
• 1956 – Tom McClintock, American politician
• 1957 – Cindy Sheehan, American anti-war/political activist
• 1958 – Béla Fleck, American musician
• 1958 – Fiona Shaw, Irish actress
• 1959 – Ellen Kuras, American cinematographer
• 1960 – Jeff Bergman, American voice actor
• 1961 – Jacky Cheung, Hong Kong singer and actor
• 1963 – Richard Waites, British actor
• 1964 – Urban Meyer, American football coach
• 1964 – Wilfried Peeters, Belgian cyclist
• 1965 – Alec Mapa, Filipino-American actor and comedian
• 1965 – Ken Mellons, American singer
• 1965 – Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark
• 1965 – Scott McCarron, American professional golfer
• 1966 – Gina Bellman, British actress
• 1966 – Johnny Grunge, American wrestler (d. 2006)
• 1966 – Christian Stangl, Austrian mountaineer
• 1967 – Tom Meents, American monster truck driver
• 1967 – Silvetty Montilla, Brazilian drag queen
• 1967 – Rebekah Del Rio, Latin American singer/songwriter
• 1968 – Hassiba Boulmerka, Algerian athlete
• 1968 – Jonathan Gilbert, American actor
• 1969 – Jamie Glover, British actor
• 1969 – Gale Harold, American actor
• 1969 – Alexandra Hedison, American actress
• 1969 – Vicky Morales, Filipina broadcast journalist
• 1970 – Adam Hills, Australian comedian
• 1970 – Gary LeVox, American singer (Rascal Flatts)
• 1970 – Jason Orange, UK pop singer and dancer (Take That)
• 1970 – John Simm, British actor
• 1970 – Helen Sjöholm, Swedish singer and actress
• 1971 – Adam Foote, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1971 – Gregory Goodridge, Barbadian footballer
• 1971 – Orlando Jordan, American wrestler
• 1972 – Peter Serafinowicz, British comedian and actor
• 1972 – Sofia Vergara, Colombian actress
• 1972 – Tilo Wolff, German musician (Lacrimosa)
• 1973 – Annie Mumolo, American actress
• 1974 – Chiwetel Ejiofor, English actor
• 1974 – Sharon den Adel, Singer of Dutch band, Within Temptation
• 1975 – Andrew Firestone, American TV reality show personality
• 1975 – Brendan Gaughan, American stock car driver
• 1975 – Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor
• 1976 – Elijah Blue Allman, American musician (Deadsy)
• 1976 – Adrian Grenier, American actor
• 1976 – Ludovic Giuly, French footballer
• 1976 – Lars Ricken, German footballer
• 1976 – Brendon Lade, Australian rules footballer
• 1976 – Edmílson Gomes, Brazilian footballer
• 1977 – Schapelle Corby, Australian convicted drug smuggler
• 1977 – Gwendoline Yeo, American actress
• 1978 – Jesse Lacey, American musician (Brand New)
• 1979 – Mvondo Atangana, Cameroon footballer
• 1980 – Thomas Ian Nicholas, American actor
• 1980 – Alejandro Millán, Mexican singer and songwriter
• 1980 – Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
• 1980 – Jessica Simpson, American singer
• 1980 – Han Eun-jeong, South Korean actress
• 1980 – James D. Rolfe, video game reviewer better known as the Angry Video Game Nerd
• 1981 – Aleksandar Tunchev, Bulgarian footballer
• 1982 – Alex Arrowsmith, American musician
• 1982 – Sebastian Mila, Polish footballer
• 1983 – Giuseppe De Feudis, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Kim Heechul, Korean singer
• 1983 – Matthew Egan, Australian rules footballer
• 1984 – Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Miss World 2004
• 1984 – Nikolaos Mitrou, Greek footballer
• 1985 – B.J. Crombeen, American ice hockey player
• 1985 – Mario Gómez, German footballer
• 1985 – Park Chu-Young, South Korean footballer
• 1986 – Simenona Martinez, American actress
• 1987 – Brian Belo, British television personality
• 1988 – Antonio Brown, American football player
• 1988 – Heather Hemmens, American actress
• 1991 – María Chacón, Mexican actress
• 1991 – Danielle Horvat, Australian actress
• 1992 – Larissa Marolt, Australian fashion model
• 1998 – Haley Pullos, American actress

Deaths

• 138 – Hadrian, Roman Emperor (b. 76)
• 649 – Li Shimin, Emperor of China (b. 599)
• 1099 – El Cid, of Castile (b. 1044)
• 1103 – King Eric I of Denmark
• 1290 – King Ladislaus IV of Hungary (b. 1262)
• 1460 – Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English military leader (b. 1402)
• 1480 – King René I of Naples (b. 1410)
• 1559 – King Henry II of France (b. 1519)
• 1584 – William I of Orange (b. 1533)
• 1590 – Archduke Charles II of Austria (b. 1540)
• 1594 – Paolo Bellasio, Italian composer (b. 1554)
• 1603 – Joan Terès i Borrull, viceroy of Catalonia (b. 1538)
• 1621 – Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, soldier in Habsburg service (b. 1571)
• 1653 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (b. 1600)
• 1680 – Louis Moréri, French encyclopedist (b. 1643)
• 1683 – François-Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (b. 1610)
• 1686 – John Fell, English churchman (b. 1625)
• 1776 – Richard Peters, English-born clergyman (b. 1704)
• 1794 – Gaspard de Bernard de Marigny, French royalist general and counterrevolutionary (d. 1754)
• 1806 – George Stubbs, British painter (b. 1724)
• 1848 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (b. 1777)
• 1851 – Louis-Jacques Daguerre, French inventor and photographer (b. 1787)
• 1881 – Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (b. 1812)
• 1884 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
• 1908 – Phoebe Knapp, American hymn writer (b. 1839)
• 1920 – Jackie Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841)
• 1941 – Jelly Roll Morton, American musician (b. 1890)
• 1954 – Calogero Vizzini, Sicilian mafioso (b. 1877)
• 1956 – Joe Giard, American baseball player (b. 1898)
• 1962 – Yehuda Leib Maimon, Israeli rabbi and government minister (b. 1875)
• 1963 – Teddy Wakelam, English sports broadcaster and rugby union player (b. 1893)
• 1970 – Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic foreign and later prime minister (b. 1908)
• 1971 – Laurent Dauthuille, French boxer (b. 1924)
• 1972 – Lovie Austin, American jazz pianist (b. 1887)
• 1978 – John D Rockefeller III, American businessman (b. 1906)
• 1978 – Joe Davis, English snooker player (b. 1901)
• 1979 – Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894)
• 1980 – Joseph Krumgold, American writer (b. 1908)
• 1981 – Ken Rex McElroy, American hog rustler (b. 1936)
• 1985 – Fernando Pereira, Portuguese-Dutch photographer and victim of the Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior (b. 1950)
• 1986 – Tadeusz Piotrowski, Polish mountaineer (b. 1940)
• 1987 – John H. Hammond, American record producer (b. 1910)
• 1989 – Mel Blanc, American voice actor (b. 1908)
• 1993 – Sam Rolfe, American screenwriter (b. 1924)
• 2000 – Vakkom Majeed, Indian politician (b. 1909)
• 2000 – Justin Pierce, English-American actor and skateboarder (b. 1975)
• 2002 – Jean-Pierre Côté, French Canadian politician and Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1926)
• 2002 – Evangelos Florakis, Greek military officer (b. 1943)
• 2003 – Winston Graham, English writer (b. 1908)
• 2003 – Bishnu Maden, Nepalese politician
• 2003 – Hartley Shawcross, British prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials (b. 1902)
• 2004 – Pati Behrs, Russian-born American actress, grandniece of Leo Tolstoy and first wife of American actor John Derek (b. 1922)
• 2005 – A.J. Quinnell, English writer (b. 1940)
• 2005 – Freddy Soto, American comedian and actor (b. 1970)
• 2005 – Freda Wright-Sorce, American radio performer (b. 1955)
• 2006 – Shamil Basayev, Chechen rebel (b. 1965)
• 2007 – Abdul Rashid Ghazi, radical Pakistani cleric (b. 1951)
• 2007 – Doug Marlette, American cartoonist (b. 1949)
• 2007 – Zheng Xiaoyu, director of the State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China (b. 1944)
• 2008 – Hiroaki Aoki, founder of Benihana (b. 1938)
• 2008 – Mike Souchak, American golfer (b. 1927)
• 2011 – Pierrette Alarie, Canadian operatic soprano (b. 1921)
• 2011 – Roland Petit, French choreographer and dancer (b. 1924)

Holidays and observances

• Armed Forces Day (Mauritania)
• National Day of Commemoration (Ireland)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Amalberga of Maubeuge
  • Rufina and Secunda
  • Seven Brothers
  • July 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Bahamas from the United Kingdom in 1973
• Silence Day (Followers of Meher Baba)
• Statehood Day (Wyoming)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: July 10

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada