July 14

July 14 is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 170 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II of France.
• 1698 – The Darien scheme begins with five ships, bearing about 1,200 people, departing Leith for the Isthmus of Panama.
• 1769 – The de Portolá Expedition establishes a base in California, and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
• 1771 – Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
• 1789 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille and free seven prisoners.
• 1790 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the constitutional monarchy and national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.
• 1791 – The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
• 1798 – The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
• 1865 – First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
• 1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
• 1900 – Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.
• 1902 – The Campanile in St Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.
• 1916 – Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action in the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.
• 1933 – Gleichschaltung: In Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
• 1943 – In Joplin, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of a African American.
• 1948 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot near the Italian Parliament.
• 1958 – Iraqi Revolution: in Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces lead by Abdul Karim Kassem, who becomes the nation's new leader.
• 1965 – The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
• 1969 – Football War: after Honduras loses a soccer match against El Salvador, rioting breaks out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers.
• 1969 – The United States $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 bills are officially withdrawn from circulation.
• 1992 – 386BSD is released by Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz beginning the Open Source Operating System Revolution. Linus Torvalds release his Linux soon afterwards.
• 2000 – A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
• 2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.
• 2003 – The United States Government admits to the existence of "Area 51".
• 2007 – Russia withdraws from the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.

Births

• 1454 – Poliziano, Florentine humanist (d. 1494)
• 1602 – Jules Mazarin, French statesman and cardinal (d. 1661)
• 1608 – George Goring, Lord Goring, English royalist soldier (d. 1657)
• 1610 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
• 1634 – Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (d. 1719)
• 1671 – Jacques D'Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
• 1675 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
• 1676 – Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, and poet (d. 1763)
• 1696 – William Oldys, English antiquarian and bibliographer (d. 1761)
• 1721 – John Douglas, Scottish Anglican bishop and man of letters (d. 1807)
• 1743 – Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816)
• 1785 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer, journalist (d. 1851)
• 1801 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist (d. 1858)
• 1816 – Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (d. 1882)
• 1829 – Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1896)
• 1834 – James Abbott McNeill Whistler, American painter (d. 1903)
• 1858 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1928)
• 1859 – Willy Hess, German violinist (d. 1928)
• 1860 – Owen Wister, American author (d. 1938)
• 1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918)
• 1865 – Arthur Capper, Newspaper publisher and politician (d. 1951)
• 1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926)
• 1872 – Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939)
• 1874 – Khedive Abbas II of Egypt (d. 1944)
• 1885 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959)
• 1888 – Scipio Slataper, Italian writer and essayist (d. 1915)
• 1891 – Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and mathematician (d. 1977)
• 1893 – Clarence J. Brown, Newspaper publisher and politician (d. 1965)
• 1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (d. 1936)
• 1898 – A. B. "Happy" Chandler, American politician and baseball commissioner (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Gerald Finzi, British composer (d. 1956)
• 1903 – Irving Stone, American writer (d. 1989)
• 1906 – Tom Carvel, Greek-born businessman and inventor (d. 1990)
• 1910 – William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001)
• 1911 – Terry-Thomas, British actor (d. 1990)
• 1912 – Northrop Frye, Canadian literary critic (d. 1991)
• 1912 – Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (d. 1967)
• 1913 – Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
• 1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film and theatre director (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Arthur Laurents, American playwright, novelist, and director
• 1919 – Lino Ventura, Italian-born actor (d. 1987)
• 1921 – Leon Garfield, English children's author (d. 1996)
• 1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Robin Olds, American World War II and Vietnam War ace fighter pilot (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Elfriede Rinkel, Nazi concentration camp guard
• 1923 – Dale Robertson, American actor
• 1923 – Willie Steele, American Olympic gold medalist (d. 1989)
• 1924 – James W. Black, Scottish pharmacologist, Nobel laureate
• 1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor
• 1927 – John Chancellor, American television commentator (d. 1996)
• 1928 – Nancy Olson, American actress
• 1930 – Polly Bergen, American actress
• 1932 – Roosevelt Grier, American football player and actor
• 1933 – Robert Bourassa, Quebec politician (d. 1996)
• 1937 – Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician
• 1938 – Jerry Rubin, American activist (d. 1994)
• 1938 – Richard Rust, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Karel Gott, Czech singer
• 1939 – Sid Haig, American actor
• 1939 – George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer
• 1940 – Susan Howatch, English author
• 1941 – Maulana Karenga, American author and activist
• 1941 – Andreas Khol, Austrian politician
• 1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish European Union foreign policy chief
• 1943 – Christopher Priest, English novelist
• 1944 – Billy McCool, American baseball player
• 1946 – Vincent Pastore, American actor
• 1946 – John Wood, Australian actor
• 1947 – Claudia Kennedy, U.S. Army officer
• 1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius
• 1950 – Gwen Guthrie, American singer (d. 1999)
• 1951 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003)
• 1952 – Franklin Graham, American evangelist
• 1952 – Eric Laneuville, American director, Actor, Producer
• 1952 – Joel Silver, American film producer
• 1952 – Bob Casale, AKA Bob 2, American Musician (Devo)
• 1955 – L. Brent Bozell, American author and pundit
• 1956 – Vladimir Kulich, Czech actor
• 1958 – Robert Jensen, American journalist and activist
• 1958 – Joe Keenan, American screenwriter, television producer and novelist.
• 1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress
• 1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician
• 1960 – Kyle Gass, American musician and actor (Tenacious D)
• 1960 – Angelique Kidjo, Beninese singer
• 1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor
• 1962 – Jeff Olson, American musician
• 1963 – Phil Rosenthal, American newspaper columnist
• 1966 – Tanya Donelly, American musician (Belly)
• 1966 – Juliet Cesario, American actress
• 1966 – Ellen Reid, Canadian musician (Crash Test Dummies)
• 1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor
• 1966 – Brian Selznick, American author and illustrator
• 1967 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player
• 1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, politician
• 1968 – Kazushi Sakuraba, Japanese mixed martial artist/professional wrestler
• 1970 – Nina Siemaszko, American actress
• 1971 – Mark LoMonaco, American professional wrestler
• 1971 – Joey Styles, American wrestling commentator
• 1971 – Marie-Chantal Toupin, French Canadian singer
• 1971 – Nick McCabe, British musician (The Verve)
• 1971 – Howard Webb, British Football Referee
• 1972 – Deborah Mailman, Australian actress
• 1973 – Halil Mutlu, Bulgaria-born Turkish weightlifter
• 1973 – Adam Quinn, American bagpipe player
• 1973 – Paul Methric, American musician
• 1973 – Candela Peña, Spanish actress
• 1974 – David Mitchell, English comedian and actor
• 1975 – Taboo, American rapper
• 1975 – Tim Hudson, American baseball player
• 1976 – Geraint Jones, English cricketer
• 1976 – Kirsten Sheridan, Irish film director and screenwriter
• 1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
• 1979 – Bernie Castro, Dominican baseball player
• 1979 – Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier
• 1980 – George Smith, Australian rugby union footballer
• 1980 – Jed Madela, Filipino singer
• 1981 – Lee Mead, English actor
• 1982 – Dmitry Chaplin, So You Think You Can Dance finalist
• 1983 – Wesley Dening, Australian TV personality
• 1984 – Chris Steele, Canadian musician, (Alexisonfire)
• 1984 – Nilmar, Brazilian Footballer
• 1985 – Billy Celeski, Australian footballer
• 1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer
• 1988 – James Vaughan, English footballer

Deaths

• 664 – Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 937 – Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
• 1223 – King Philip II of France (b. 1165)
• 1575 – Richard Taverner, English Bible translator
• 1614 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian saint (b. 1550)
• 1671 – Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (b. 1599)
• 1723 – Claude Fleury, French historian (b. 1640)
• 1742 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662)
• 1766 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (b. 1674)
• 1774 – James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley and Kilmaine, British field marshal (b. 1682)
• 1780 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher (b. 1713)
• 1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (assassinated) (b. 1721)
• 1789 – Bernard-René de Launay, governor of the Bastille, murdered during the Storming of the Bastille (b. 1740)
• 1790 – Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
• 1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan revolutionary (b. 1750)
• 1817 – Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, Swiss author (b. 1766)
• 1827 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788)
• 1834 – Edmond Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
• 1850 – August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789)
• 1876 – Thomas Hazlehurst, English Methodist chapel builder (b. 1816)
• 1881 – Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859)
• 1904 – Paul Kruger, Boer resistance leader (b. 1824)
• 1907 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist and inventor (b. 1838)
• 1910 – Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
• 1917 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887)
• 1918 – Quentin Roosevelt, American Aviator, son of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1897)
• 1925 – Pancho Villa, Filipino world boxing champion (b. 1901)
• 1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter, decorative artist (b. 1860)
• 1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
• 1954 – Jackie Saunders, American silent screen actress (b. 1892)
• 1965 – Adlai Stevenson, United States Presidential candidate (b. 1900)
• 1966 – Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878)
• 1967 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880)
• 1968 – Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky, Russian writer (b. 1892)
• 1968 – Ilias Tsirimokos, Greek Prime Minister (b. 1907)
• 1970 – Preston Foster, American stage and film actor (b. 1900)
• 1974 – Carl Spaatz, American Air Force general (b. 1891)
• 1975 – Madan Mohan, Indian Bollywood film director (b. 1924)
• 1984 – Ernest Tidyman, American writer (b. 1928)
• 1989 – Frank Bell, British educator (b. 1916)
• 1993 – Léo Ferré, French singer and songwriter (b. 1916)
• 1994 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
• 1996 – Jeff Krosnoff, CART driver (b. 1964)
• 1998 – Richard McDonald, American fast food pioneer (b. 1909)
• 2000 – William Roscoe Estep, American Baptist historian (b. 1920)
• 2000 – René Ríos Boettiger, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)
• 2000 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
• 2003 – Éva Janikovszky, Hungarian novelist (b. 1926)
• 2003 – François-Albert Angers, French Canadian economist (b. 1909)
• 2005 – Joe Harnell, American musician, composer and arranger (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Cicely Saunders, English Nurse, physician and writer (b. 1918)
• 2007 – John Ferguson Sr, former professional hockey player (b. 1938)
• 2008 – Henki Kolstad, Norwegian actor (b. 1915)
• 2009 – Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, Polish actor (b. 1934)

Holidays and observances

• France and all French dependencies: Bastille Day
• Iraq: Republic Day
• Sweden: Birthday of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, an official flag day.
• Saint Idus
• Saint Libertus (d. 743)
• Saint Ulric (d. 1093)
• Saint Camillus de Lellis (d. 1614) (RC, except USA)
• Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha (d. 1680) (RC, obligatory Memorial, USA)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: July 14

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada