July 27

July 27 is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 157 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.
• 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Stefan Nemanja, during the Third Crusade.
• 1202 – Battle of Basian.
• 1214 – Battle of Bouvines: in France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
• 1302 – Battle of Bapheus: decisive Ottoman victory over the Byzantines opening up Bithynia for Turkish conquest.
• 1549 – The Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reaches Japan.
• 1663 – The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports.
• 1689 – Glorious Revolution: the Battle of Killiecrankie ends.
• 1694 – A Royal Charter is granted to the Bank of England.
• 1720 – The Battle of Grengam marks the second important victory of the Russian Navy.
• 1778 – American Revolution: First Battle of Ushant – British and French fleets fight to a standoff.
• 1789 – The first U.S. federal government agency, the Department of Foreign Affairs, is established (it will be later renamed Department of State).
• 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 "enemies of the Revolution".
• 1862 – Sailing from San Francisco to Panama City, the SS Golden Gate catches fire and sinks off Manzanillo, Mexico, killing 231.
• 1865 – Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina.
• 1866 – The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, stretching from Valentia Island, Ireland, to Heart's Content, Newfoundland.
• 1880 – Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand – Afghan forces led by Ayub Khan defeat the British Army in battle near Maiwand, Afghanistan.
• 1900 – Kaiser Wilhelm II makes a speech comparing Germans to Huns; for years afterwards, "Hun" would be a disparaging name for Germans.
• 1914 – Felix Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo with the Philippine government.
• 1917 – The Allies reach the Yser Canal at the Battle of Passchendaele.
• 1919 – The Chicago Race Riot erupts after a racial incident occurred on a South Side beach, leading to 38 fatalities and 537 injuries over a five-day period.
• 1921 – Researchers at the University of Toronto led by biochemist Frederick Banting prove that the hormone insulin regulates blood sugar.
• 1928 – Tich Freeman becomes the only bowler ever to take 200 first-class wickets before the end of July.
• 1929 – The Geneva Convention of 1929, dealing with treatment of prisoners-of-war, is signed by 53 nations.
• 1940 – The animated short A Wild Hare is released, introducing the character of Bugs Bunny.
• 1941 – Japanese troops occupy French Indo-China.
• 1942 – World War II: Allied forces successfully halt the final Axis advance into Egypt.
• 1949 – Initial flight of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet-powered airliner.
• 1953 – Fighting in the Korean War ends when the United States, the People's Republic of China, and North Korea sign an armistice agreement. Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea, refuses to sign but pledges to observe the armistice.
• 1955 – The Allied occupation of Austria stemming from World War II, ends.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: 5,000 more American military advisers are sent to South Vietnam bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
• 1974 – Watergate Scandal: the House of Representatives Judiciary Committee votes 27 to 11 to recommend the first article of impeachment (for obstruction of justice) against President Richard Nixon.
• 1976 – Former Japanese prime minister Kakuei Tanaka is arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws in connection with the Lockheed bribery scandals.
• 1981 – British television: on Coronation Street, Ken Barlow marries Deirdre Langton, which proves to be a national event scoring massive viewer numbers for the show.
• 1981 – 6 year old Adam Walsh, son of John Walsh is kidnapped in Hollywood, Florida and is found murdered two weeks later.
• 1983 – Black July: 18 Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by Sinhalese prisoners, the second such massacre in two days.
• 1987 – RMS Titanic, Inc. begins the first expedited salvage of wreckage of the RMS Titanic.
• 1990 – The Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet Republic declares independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union. Until 1996 the day is celebrated as the Independence Day of Belarus; after a referendum held that year the celebration of independence is moved to June 3.
• 1990 – The Jamaat al Muslimeen attempt a coup d'état in Trinidad and Tobago, occupying the Trinidad and the studios of Trinidad and Tobago Television, holding Prime Minister A. N. R. Robinson and most of his Cabinet as well as the staff at the television station hostage for 6 days.
• 1995 – The Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C..
• 1996 – Centennial Olympic Park bombing: in Atlanta, United States, a pipe bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park during the 1996 Summer Olympics. One woman (Alice Hawthorne) is killed, and a cameraman suffers a heart attack fleeing the scene. 111 are injured.
• 1997 – About 50 people are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria.
• 2002 – Ukraine airshow disaster: a Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an air show at Lviv, Ukraine killing 85 and injuring more than 100 others, the largest air show disaster in history.
• 2005 – STS-114: NASA grounds the Space Shuttle, pending an investigation of the continuing problem with the shedding of foam insulation from the external fuel tank. During ascent, the external tank of the Space Shuttle Discovery sheds a piece of foam slightly smaller than the piece that caused the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster; this foam does not strike the spacecraft.
• 2006 – The Federal Republic of Germany is deemed guilty in the loss of Bashkirian 2937 and DHL Flight 611, because it is illegal to outsource flight surveillance.
• 2007 – Phoenix News Helicopter Collision: news helicopters from Phoenix, Arizona television stations KNXV and KTVK collide over Steele Indian School Park in central Phoenix while covering a police chase;

Births

• 1452 – Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1508)
• 1667 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1748)
• 1733 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (d. 1779)
• 1740 – Jeanne Baré, French explorer (d. 1803)
• 1741 – François-Hippolyte Barthélémon, French violinist, pedagogue, and composer (d. 1808)
• 1752 – Samuel Smith, American politician (d. 1839)
• 1768 – Charlotte Corday, French aristocrat who killed Jean-Paul Marat (d. 1793)
• 1773 – Jakob Aall, Norwegian journalist and statesman (d. 1844)
• 1777 – Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (d. 1844)
• 1777 – Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer and soldier (d. 1853)
• 1781 – Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (d. 1828)
• 1784 – Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (d. 1839)
• 1812 – Thomas Clingman, American Confederate general (d. 1897)
• 1824 – Alexandre Dumas, fils, French author (d. 1895)
• 1833 – Thomas George Bonney, English geologist (d. 1923)
• 1835 – Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1907)
• 1848 – Loránd Eötvös, Hungarian physicist (d. 1919)
• 1848 – Thomas Herbst German painter (d. 1915)
• 1853 – Vladimir Korolenko, Ukrainian-Russian writer (d. 1921)
• 1857 – José Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican politician (d. 1921)
• 1866 – António José de Almeida, Portuguese politician and 6th President of Portugal (d. 1929)
• 1867 – Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (d. 1916)
• 1870 – Hilaire Belloc, English writer (d. 1953)
• 1877 – Ernő Dohnányi, Hungarian composer and conductor (d. 1960)
• 1879 – Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1960)
• 1881 – Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1945)
• 1882 – Geoffrey de Havilland, British aircraft designer (d. 1965)
• 1886 – Ernst May, German architect (d. 1970)
• 1889 – Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina and actress (d. 1972)
• 1891 – Jacob van der Hoeden, Dutch-Israeli veterinary scientist (d. 1968)
• 1896 – Sir Robert George, British RAF officer and Governor of South Australia (d. 1967)
• 1896 – Henri Longchambon, French politician (d. 1969)
• 1903 – Nikolay Cherkasov, Russian actor (d. 1966)
• 1903 – Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek politician (d. 2002)
• 1905 – Leo Durocher, American baseball player and manager (d. 1991)
• 1906 – Herbert Jasper, Canadian physiologist and neurologist (d. 1999)
• 1906 – Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (d. 2000)
• 1908 – Joseph Mitchell, American writer (d. 1996)
• 1910 – Julien Gracq, French writer (d. 2007)
• 1911 – Rayner Heppenstall, British novelist (d. 1981)
• 1912 – Vernon Elliott, British bassoonist, conductor and composer (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Gérard Côté, Quebec marathon runner (d. 1993)
• 1913 – George L. Street III American Navy Submariner (d. 2000)
• 1915 – Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (d. 1982)
• 1915 – Josef Priller, German fighter pilot (d. 1961)
• 1916 – Elizabeth Hardwick, American literary critic and novelist (d. 2007)
• 1916 – Keenan Wynn, American actor (d. 1986)
• 1916 – Skippy Williams, American jazz tenor saxophonist and musical arranger (d. 1994)
• 1917 – Bourvil, French actor (d. 1970)
• 1918 – Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984)
• 1921 – Émile Genest, Quebec actor (d. 2003)
• 1922 – Norman Lear, American television writer and producer
• 1922 – Adolfo Celi, Italian actor (d. 1986)
• 1923 – Masutatsu Oyama, Japanese Kyokushin founder (d. 1994)
• 1924 – Vincent Canby, American film critic (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Otar Taktakishvili, Georgian composer, teacher, conductor, and writer on music (d. 1989)
• 1927 – Sat Mahajan, Indian politician
• 1928 – Karloff Lagarde, Mexican lucha libre wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1929 – Jack Higgins, British novelist
• 1929 – Marc Wilkinson, Australian composer and conductor
• 1929 – Harvey Fuqua, R&B singer, songwriter, & record producer (d. 2010)
• 1929 – Jean Baudrillard, French philosopher (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Shirley Williams, British politician
• 1931 – Jerry Van Dyke, American actor
• 1931 – Khieu Samphan, Cambodian politician
• 1932 – Forest Able, American basketball player
• 1933 – Ted Whitten, Australian rules footballer (d. 1995)
• 1933 – Nick Reynolds, American folk singer
• 1935 – Billy McCullough, Northern Irish footballer
• 1936 – J. Robert Hooper, American politician
• 1937 – Don Galloway, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1938 – Isabelle Aubret, French singer
• 1938 – Gary Gygax, American role-playing game creator (Dungeons & Dragons) (d. 2008)
• 1939 – Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet
• 1940 – Pina Bausch, German dancer and choreographer (d. 2009)
• 1941 – Christian Boesch, Austrian baritone
• 1941 – Johannes Fritsch, German composer (d. 2010)
• 1942 – Dennis Ralston, American tennis player
• 1942 – John Pleshette, American actor
• 1942 – Édith Butler, Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1944 – Tony Capstick, English comedian (d. 2003)
• 1944 – Barbara Thompson (musician), English jazz saxophonist, flautist and composer
• 1944 – Jean-Marie Leblanc, French cyclist
• 1944 – Bobbie Gentry, American singer and songwriter
• 1946 – Peter Reading, English poet (d. 2011)
• 1946 – Rade Šerbedžija, Croatian actor
• 1947 – Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese businessman (d. 2008)
• 1948 – Betty Thomas, American actor and film director
• 1948 – Henny Vrienten, Dutch composer of TV and film scores, former bassist
• 1948 – Pavlos Sidiropoulos, Greek musician, singer and song writer (d. 1990)
• 1948 – Peggy Fleming, American figure skater
• 1949 – Maury Chaykin, American-born Canadian actor (d. 2010)
• 1949 – Rory MacDonald, bassist (Runrig)
• 1949 – André Dupont, Quebec ice hockey player
• 1949 – Maureen McGovern, American singer
• 1949 – Robert Rankin, English novelist
• 1950 – Simon Jones, English actor
• 1952 – Roxanne Hart, American actress
• 1952 – Hannu-Pekka Hänninen, Finnish sports commentator
• 1953 – Yahoo Serious, Australian comedian
• 1954 – G. S. Bali, Indian politician
• 1954 – Philippe Alliot, French race car driver
• 1954 – Ricardo Uceda, Peruvian journalist
• 1955 – Cat Bauer, American novelist
• 1955 – Allan Border, Australian cricketer
• 1956 – Carol Leifer, American actress
• 1957 – Bill Engvall, American comedian
• 1957 – Matt Osborne, American professional wrestler
• 1957 – Allan Simmons, British Scrabble player
• 1958 – Christopher Dean, English figure skater
• 1959 – Joe DeSa, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• 1959 – Hugh Green, American football player
• 1959 – Yiannos Papantoniou, Greek politician
• 1960 – Conway Savage, piano, organ, backing vocalist (Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds)
• 1962 – Karl Mueller, American bassist (Soul Asylum) (d. 2005)
• 1963 – Karrin Allyson, American Jazz vocalist
• 1963 – Donnie Yen, Hong Kong film actor
• 1964 – Rex Brown, American bassist (Pantera)
• 1965 – José Luis Chilavert, Paraguayan footballer
• 1967 – Juliana Hatfield, American guitarist, singer and songwriter (Blake Babies, Some Girls)
• 1967 – Sasha Mitchell, American actor
• 1967 – Kellie Waymire, American actress (d. 2003)
• 1967 – Craig Wolanin, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967 – Neil Smith, English cricketer
• 1967 – David Chacón Perez, Venezuelan award-winning producer and artistic director
• 1968 – Cliff Curtis, New Zealand actor
• 1968 – Tom Goodwin, American baseball player
• 1968 – Julian McMahon, Australian actor
• 1968 – Ricardo Rosset, Brazilian Formula One driver
• 1968 – Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Italian actress
• 1969 – Timo Maas, German electronica DJ
• 1969 – Giannis Milonas, Greek basketball player
• 1969 – Triple H, American professional wrestler
• 1969 – Jonty Rhodes, South African cricketer
• 1970 – Nikolaj Coster Waldau, Danish actor
• 1972 – Jill Arrington, American sports reporter
• 1972 – Takako Fuji, Japanese actress
• 1972 – Maya Rudolph, American actress and comedian
• 1972 – Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysian astronaut, the first Malaysian in space
• 1973 – Cassandra Clare, American author
• 1973 – Abe Cunningham, American drummer (Deftones)
• 1973 – Gorden Tallis, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1973 – Erik Nijs, Belgian long jumper
• 1974 – Eason Chan, Hong Kong singer
• 1974 – Pete Yorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1975 – Shea Hillenbrand, American baseball player
• 1975 – Fred Mascherino, American guitarist (Taking Back Sunday)
• 1975 – Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player
• 1975 – Alessandro Pistone, Italian footballer
• 1976 – Scott Mason, Australian cricketer (d. 2005)
• 1977 – Björn Dreyer, German footballer
• 1977 – Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Irish actor
• 1977 – Foo Swee Chin, Singaporean comic book artist
• 1978 – Diarmuid O'Sullivan, Irish Hurler
• 1979 – Shannon Moore, American professional wrestler
• 1979 – Jorge Arce, Mexican boxer
• 1979 – Sidney Govou, French footballer
• 1980 – Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler
• 1980 – Allan Davis, Australian cyclist
• 1981 – Susan King Borchardt, American basketball player
• 1981 – Collins Obuya, Kenyan cricketer
• 1981 – Christopher Weselek, German rugby player
• 1982 – Neil Harbisson, British-born Spanish artist
• 1983 – Lorik Cana, Albanian footballer
• 1983 – Martijn Maaskant, Dutch cyclist
• 1983 – Goran Pandev, Macedonian footballer
• 1983 – Blair Redford, American actor
• 1984 – Taylor Schilling, American actress
• 1984 – Iekeliene Stange, Dutch high fashion model
• 1984 – Tsuyoshi Nishioka, Japanese baseball player
• 1984 – Kenny Wormald, American dancer and actor
• 1985 – Benedita Pereira, Portuguese actress
• 1985 – Matteo Pratichetti, Italian rugby player
• 1985 – Lou Taylor Pucci, American actor
• 1986 – Courtney Kupets, American gymnast
• 1986 – Ryan Griffen, Australian rules footballer
• 1987 – Jordan Hill, American basketball player
• 1987 – Jacoby Ford, American football player
• 1987 – Marek Hamšík, Slovakian footballer
• 1988 – Adam Biddle, Australian footballer
• 1989 – Charlotte Arnold, Canadian actress
• 1989 – Mohamed Bangura, Sierra Leonean footballer
• 1990 – Cheyenne Kimball, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Gloriana)
• 1990 – Nick Hogan, American reality TV star
• 1990 – Indiana Evans, Australian actress
• 1993 – Max Power, English footballer
• 1994 – Spencer Achtymichuk, Canadian actor

Deaths

• 432 – Pope Celestine I
• 1101 – Conrad, King of Germany and Italy (b. 1074)
• 1276 – King James I of Aragon (b. 1208)
• 1365 – Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (b. 1339)
• 1656 – Salomo Glassius, German theologian (b. 1593)
• 1675 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (b. 1611)
• 1759 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician (b. 1698)
• 1770 – Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial governor of Virginia (b. 1693)
• 1841 – Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer, poet and painter (b. 1814)
• 1844 – John Dalton, English physicist and chemist (b. 1776)
• 1863 – William Lowndes Yancey, American Confederate leader (b. 1813)
• 1876 – Albertus van Raalte, Dutch-American religious leader (b. 1811)
• 1883 – Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813)
• 1917 – Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss surgeon, Nobel laureate (b. 1841)
• 1924 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist (b. 1866)
• 1931 – Auguste-Henri Forel, Swiss entomologist (b. 1848)
• 1934 – Hubert Lyautey, French army general and marshal (b. 1854)
• 1941 – Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, New Zealand artist (b. 1858)
• 1946 – Gertrude Stein, American writer (b. 1874)
• 1948 – Woolf Barnato, British racing driver (b. 1898)
• 1948 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player (b. 1880)
• 1958 – Claire Chennault, American military leader (b. 1893)
• 1962 – Richard Aldington, English poet (b. 1892)
• 1962 – James H. Kindelberger, American aerospace pioneer (b. 1895)
• 1965 – Daniel-Rops, French writer and historian (b. 1901)
• 1968 – Babe Adams, American baseball player (b. 1882)
• 1970 – António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese statesman (b. 1889)
• 1971 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1924)
• 1978 – Bob Heffron, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1890)
• 1978 – Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor and composer (b. 1907)
• 1980 – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Pahlavi Shah of Iran (b. 1919)
• 1981 – William Wyler, German-born American film director (b. 1902)
• 1981 – Adam Walsh, American kidnap and murder victim and son of John Walsh (b. 1974)
• 1984 – James Mason, English actor (b. 1909)
• 1985 – Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (b. 1889)
• 1986 – Nikos Nikolaou, Greek artist (b. 1909)
• 1987 – Travis Jackson, American baseball player (b. 1903)
• 1988 – Frank Zamboni, American inventor (b. 1901)
• 1990 – Bobby Day, American singer (b. 1928)
• 1991 – John Friedrich, German-Australian engineer and conman (b. 1950)
• 1992 – Max Dupain, Australian photographer (b. 1911)
• 1992 – Tzeni Karezi, Greek film and theatre actress (b. 1932)
• 1993 – Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (b. 1965)
• 1994 – Kevin Carter, South African photographer (b. 1960)
• 1995 – Miklós Rózsa, Hungarian-born American composer (b. 1907)
• 1995 – Rick Ferrell, American baseball player (b. 1905)
• 1998 – Binnie Barnes, British actress (b. 1903)
• 1999 – Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician (b. 1912)
• 1999 – Sweets Edison, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1915)
• 2000 – Gordon Solie, American wrestling commentator (b. 1929)
• 2001 – Leon Wilkeson, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1952)
• 2001 – Rhonda Sing, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1961)
• 2003 – Vance Hartke, American politician (b. 1919)
• 2003 – Bob Hope, English-born American entertainer (b. 1903)
• 2005 – Marten Toonder, Dutch comic writer (b. 1912)
• 2006 – Maryann Mahaffey, American politician (b. 1925)
• 2007 – Lucky Grills, Australian actor (b. 1928)
• 2007 – James Oyebola, English heavyweight boxer (b. 1961)
• 2008 – Youssef Chahine, Egyptian film director (b. 1926)
• 2008 – Horst Stein, German conductor (b. 1928)
• 2008 – Isaac Saba Raffoul, Mexican businessman (b. 1923)
• 2010 – Maury Chaykin, American-born Canadian actor (b. 1949)
• 2010 – Jack Tatum, American football player (b. 1948)
• 2011 – Bejaratana Rajasuda, Princess of Thailand (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Aurelius and Natalia and companions of the Martyrs of Córdoba.
  • Pantaleon
  • July 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Iglesia Ni Cristo Day (the Philippines)
• José Celso Barbosa Day (Puerto Rico)
• National Sleepy Head Day (Finland)
• Victory Day (North Korea)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: July 27

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada