| Khushab District خوشاب |
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| Province | Punjab |
| Capital | Khushab |
| Area | km² |
| Population () • Density |
• /km² |
| Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
| Established • District Nazim • District Naib Nazim • District Council • Number of Tehsils |
• Malik Ghulam Muhammad Tiwana • Malik Atta Ullah[1] • seats • 2 |
| Main language(s) | |
| Website | [1] |
Khushab District (Urdu: خوشاب) is a rural district located in Punjab, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census, the population was 905,711 with 24.76% living in urban areas.[2] The district consists of 3 tehsils: Khushab, Nurpur, and Quaidabad, as well as a sub-tehsil Noshehra.[3] Khushab is home to the Heavy Water and Natural Uranium Research Reactor[4], a critical part of the Pakistan's Special Weapons Program, which has come under much heated scrutiny.[5]
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Location
Khushab is situated between the cities of Sargodha and Mianwali, near the river Jhelum. The district is headquartered at Jauharabad (founded 1953, pop. 39,477).
Khushab is one of the most important cities especially from a defensive (atomic) point of view. The district is full of natural beauty containing Jhelum River, Fields, Mountains(Skaisar) and Thal desert. Its main towns included Quaida-bad, Jauhara-bad, Mitha Tiwana and Nowshera. Jauharabad (atomic city) is beautiful city for residence having wide roads and streets. Nearby cities include Sargodha, Mianwali, Bhakher, Jhelum and Jhang.
Education
The education rate is increasing in the district. The top Schools and colleges include DPS Khushab & Fauji foundation Khushab. Now there is a campus of Arid University in Khushab.
There are many schools in the area mostly Secondary or Higher Secondary Education institutions. Students have to go to the other cities for higher education and further education. The literacy rate of Khushab is about 65% and due to recent research projects in the area, the literacy rate is increasing.
Administration
The district is divided into two tehsils, Khushab and Noorpur Thal, which contain a total of fifty one Union Councils[6].
Khushab Tehsil
Khushab is subdivided into 41 Union Councils.
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Noorpur Thal tehsil
Noorpur Thal is subdivided into 10 Union Councils.
Notable places
The Soon valley Sakasir is one of the most beautiful areas of the district.
There are three beautiful lakes(Ochali, Khabbaki and Sodhi Jay Wali) and a beautiful Garden Kanhatti Garden near Khabbaki village, located here in the Soon valley area is the largest forest in Khushab district. Pail-Piran a gate way to Soon Valley represents a scenic view as you enter the valley via Kalar Kahar from Islamabad-Lahore MotorWay. On your left on the hill top you see shrine of Hazrat pir Khawja Noori,descendent of Hazrat Baha ud din Zakkariyya of Multan(a saint descendent of Habbari Arab rulers of Sindh).Few leading personalities of Pail Piran includeLate Pir Nowbahar shah,Pir Kalu Shah,Pir Bahadar Shah(zaildar),Pir Walayat Shah, Pir Sajid Hussain shah, Dr Pirzada Wajid Hussain shah, Pir Majid Hussain Shah, Pir Zahid Hussain Shah, Pirzada Aitizaz Walayat Shah,Pirzada Danial Walayat Shah, Pirzada Sheharyar Walayat Shah, Pir Zakriya Walayat shah,Pir.M.Siddique Shah,Pir Sikandar Shah,Pir Sattar Shah,,Pir Sunawar Shah,Pir Dilbahar Shah,Manzoor Hussain Shah,Brig(R)Zafar Iqbal Shah,Amir Sultan Shah,Pir Muhammad Shah,Mahboob Alam Shah.
- Katha Saghral - is semi-hilly and mineral area. Dozens of minerals including coal and salt are being mined in the surrounding area of this village.
- Khabikki Lake is a salt water lake in the southern Salt Range area in Pakistan. This lake is formed due to the absence of drainage in the range. Earlier its water was brackish. Now the water is sweet and a Chinese breed of fish is introduced in it.
The lake is one kilometre wide and two kilometres long. Khabikki is also the name of a neighbouring village. Boats are also available and there is a rest house beside the lake. A hill gently ascended on the right side of the lake. The lake and the green area around provide a good scenery.
- Sakaser is the highest mountain in the Salt Range area in Pothohar in Pakistan. It is 1522 metre / 4946 feet high. It is situated in Khushab District but it can be seen from adjoining districts of Mianwali and Chakwal.
- Uchhali Lake is just below the Sakaser mountain, it is a salt water lake in the southern Salt Range area in Pakistan. This lake is formed due to the absence of drainage in the range. Sakaser (1522 metre / 4946 feet), the highest mountain in the Salt Range, looms over the lake. Due to its brackish water the lake is lifeless. But it offers a picturesque scenery.
It is a good picnic spot and moderately tough walking point. At its top there is a radar.
- SATH SHAHANI- It is stuated near river Jehlum . Sath Shahani is to the west of Jehlum and every year it's flooded giving surkh mutti its forms which is very important for forming.
- Jalalpur Syedan Hamdani- It is stuated near river Jehlum.
peelo wains. peelo wainse is a renowned village of khushab district. the village is famous for its natural beauty, high literacy rate and hospitality. although it is completely ignored by the authorities as the developmental work is concerned but the progress it has made is commendable. it is located in thal desert and its name was given after great Punjabi poet peelo. jasra is the tribe of the village. added by javed sarwar jasra Syed Associates owned by Major (r)Syed Mustafa Zaidi is currently busy in the renovation of Girls High School at Peelo Vaince and Primary School at Zahid Jasra.Major Sb is well liked in the area for his dedication and love of the people.
Tribes
The population of the district is from many tribes including:[7]
- Hashmite Sadat of Pail-Piran ==
Are the main tribe in the north of the district, found mainly in the Swaan River valley, and the Salt Range portion of the district. They are also found in Chakwal District to the north, and Mianwali District to the west. Make up half the population of the district.
- Rahdari
(resident of the Tahal), found mainly near Noorpur Thal, and near jauharabad hadali.
- Seith
Found in Noorpur Thal Tehsil.
- Jasra
Another small Thalochi clan, found in Noorpur Thal tehsil.
- Sangha Awan
Found in Khusab tehsil, claim to be a branch of the Awan.
Found near the town of Khusab, and town itself.
Hold three villages near the Jhelum River, close the Jhelum District border.
Hold a number of villages on along the Jhelum River. Also found across the river in Sargodha District. The Jhammat are a Jat clan.
- Bandial
Bandial are a Khokhar clan. Found in Bandial Janubi, in Khushab Tehsil.
Ganjial are a Khokhar clan, found in Ganjial Janubi.
Hamdani Syeds are most famous tribe of Khushab living in Jalalpur Syedan Hamdania, Jaba and Anga. The Syeds of Pail-Piran,in the Soon valley are the descendents of Baha Ud din Zakkariyya Multani and Habbari Arab rulers of Sind(Ref:see Tazakara E Baha Ud Din Zakariya/author Maulana Noor Khan Afridi,and Anwaar E Ghousuia). Other Syeds include the SYED -KAZMI of Khushab Tehsil and Noor Pur and KAZMI SYEDS have very important part in khushab and the mejority of KAZMI live in SATH SHAHANI.[8]
The Arain are found in villages settled by the Thal Development Authority, especially along the Mohajir branch canal.
The Tiwana are found mainly in the Khushab tehsil. They have the following divisions:
Hasnal Wadhal Sheikh Sunmbli Mundial Mastial
- Bali
The Bali are a clan of Muhiyal, found in Khushab city. They are descended from Brahmins, who converted to Islam.
Found mainly in Thal desert region, the Mamdani and Magsi are the main clans.
The Johiya are found along the Jhelum valley. They are an ancient Rajput clan. A famous personality of union council Roda, Ahmed Khan Joyia son of Ahmed Sher Joyia belongs to this respectable tribe (Joyia). Joyia tribe is the main tribe in the district.
The Virk are Jats, found as settlers in the villages of the Thal Development Authority.
- Uttra
A local Jat clan, found in Nurpur.
- Burhan (Malik)
Another Thalochi clan, found in the Thal Desert region.
The Ranghar are Rajputs of the Chauhan and Parmar clan, originally from Haryana, in India. Settled in the district after 1947.
Jamali are a Baluch tribe. Found in Jamali Balochan, in Nurpur Tehsil.
They are a Jat clan, mostly resided in Rangpur Baghoor and tehsil nooe pur thal and have hold in tehsil noor pur of khushab district over other tribes.
Geography
Khushab consists of agricultural lowland plains, lakes, and hills. Parts of the Thal desert touch the district and the Jhelum runs alongside it making it highly fertile for agriculture. The district is rich in natural resources (salt & coal). Most people are associated with farming and agriculture. One third of the district is hilly and is dominated by Awans and other minor tribes. Since there is no agriculture in the area, this part of Khushab district has been favoured by governments since British times as being fertile ground for armed services recruitment - a majority of the population from this area goes into the armed forces. The other two parts are irrigated lands between Khushab and Quaiadabad and the desert area of Tehsil Noorpur Thal . This desert area is the beginning of large Thal desert that continues into India's Rajasthan. In the 1980s the district was classified as a tax relief zone for new industries. This led to the establishment of many industries including cement, sugar, and textiles. But this exist only in the Headquarter (Jauharabad) so the benefits are getting the Elite ones. Masses have still a very hard life.
The Thal desert
The Thal desert is a dry desert with scarce vegetation — mostly thorny bushes — over a breadth of 70 miles (110 km) and is situated between the Indus river and the Jhelum river. In Thal the whole land is arid and depends upon the weather condition, but now with the project of greater thal cannal the most part of the desert will be irrigated. Gram is the main crop.People are hardworking. Noorpur thal and *Rangpur Baghoor and katimar are main towns of this tehsil .Mari Shah Sakhira is the one of the biggest town of thal desert. Noor Pur Thal has ten Union councils having degree college for men and as well as for women. Thal desert is basically is a triangle between the districts of Khushab, Bhakkar, Mianwali, Jhang, Leyiha and Muzzafargarh. Thal has very hot days and pleasant nights.
The Soon Valley
The Soon Valley is the cultural hub of Awan tribe. The heirline of the Awan tribe reaches a common ancestor Qutab Shah who supposedly lived here, so the valley holds a special meaning to the tribe. One of the villages of the soon valley namely Pail-Piran is inhabited by the descendants of Bahauddin Zakkarya Multani ,and are Hashmite Sadats(Syeds), who's ancestor Pir Khawja Noori son of Pir Ali Qatal made many people of region embrace Islam. Pirs of Pail-Piran are closely related to Pirs of Bhera Sharif and Pir the Khara. Few leading personalities of Pail-Piran included Pir Nowbahar Shah,Pir Bahadar Shah(Zaildar),Pir Kalu Shah,Pir Sattar Shah,Pir Walayat Shah,Pir Siddique Shah,and lately Syed Sajid Hussain Shah,Dr.Syed Wajid H.Pirzada,Pirzada Majid Hussain Shah and Pirzada Zahid Hussain Shah(Zaidi Pir),Pirzada Aitizaz Walayat Shah(pirzada-aitizaz-walayat-shah.blogspot.com),Pirzada Danial Walayat Shah, Pirzada Sheharyar Walayat Shah, Pir Zakriya Walayat shah.Mazar of Pir Khawja Noori is located in Pail-piran.The Soon Valley is important as a hill station after Murree in the province of Punjab. The valley has beautiful lakes and gardens.
Prominent Personalities
- [9]
- Malik Naeem Awan Ex-MNA,Formar Federal Minister
- Tasawar Ali khan Ex-MPA,District president khushab PMLN.(1987 to uptill).
- Ch Arshad Mehmood Advocate,senior voice president District Khushab PMLN
- Ahmed Khan Joyia (Pakistan Army)(Famous Personality of union council RODA.
- Muhammad Umer Khan,district cordinator Health Khushab,ticket holder PMLN PP-41 Khushab3(2008).
- Sh Mohammad Shafiq,President City Khushab PMLN.
- Pir Nowbahar Shah
- Pir Walayat Shah(Dr.Wali Pir)
- Pir Bahadar Shah(Zaildar)
- Syed Sajid Hussain Shah Pirzada
- Dr.Syed Wajid H.Pirzada
- Pirzada Majid hussain Shah
- Pirzada Zahid hussain Shah
- Pirzada Aitizaz Walayat Shah(pirzada-aitizaz-walayat-shah.blogspot.com)
- Malik Naseem Ahmed Aheer ex.interior minister and minister for education.
- Mrs. Nilofar Bakhtiar, Senitor, Ex-Federal Minister
- Malik Ehsan Ullah Khan Tiwana Ex Zila Nazim
- Malik Bashir Awan[2] - chief of Tanzeem-Al-Awan in Pakistan.[10]
- Malik Shakir Bashir Awan - MNA and ex-naib nazim.[10]
- Malik Muhammad Riaz Awan -(UC Nazim Jauharabad]]
- Malik Ghulam Rasool Sangha - Khushab tehsil nazim
- Malik Saleh Muhammad [11]
- Pir Muhammad Siddiqe Shah
- Late Pir Nadir Shah counsellar Pail-Piran
- Muhammad Akhtar Islam Bali Adovacate,Nazim Hadali-I
- Malik Muhammad Ghazanfar wadhal tiwana, Nazim Hadali-II (BOLA).
- Sultan Sikandar Nadeem Tiwana Nazim Hamoka, Chairman Cricket association Khushab & Nazim Hassan Pur Tiwana.
- Malik Ayub Tiwana Nazim Mitha Tiwana
- Malik Muhammad Qasim Tiwana President Officer's Club Khushab.
- Malik Tahir Raza Baghoor - Ex-Noorpur Thal naib nazim[12]
- Sardar Shujja Muhammad blouch EX-MNA of NA-70 and MPA of PP-42
- Syed Nusrat Ali Shah EX-NAZIM of u/c 47 and CHAIRMAN DISTRICT PUBLIC SAFETY COMMISSION KHUSHAB
- Malik Saiffullah Tiwana EX-MNA of NA-70
- Syed INAYAT Ali Shah EX-MEMBER DISTRICT COUNCIL KHUSHAB[13]
Syed Ghulam Hasnain Shah Ex Nazim U/C 59 MB Jalalpur Syedan Syed Azamat Abbas Shah Hamdani Nazim U/C 59 MB Jalalpur Syedan
The Nuclear Weaponry Program
A stark intervention of prying eyes of a privately owned satellite, at the eve of President Bill Clinton's arrival to the Indian Sub-continent, captured a nuclear weapons base in Khushab in 2000 and declared that Nuclear Weaponry Program in Pakistan was second only to the United States.
Controversies and debates
On March 21, 2000, the Christian Science Monitor published an article written by Alexander Colhoun, a high-resolution aerial satellite photo revealed a nuclear reactor and a missile base near the city of Khushab (32°1′12.62″N 72°12′27.02″E / 32.0201722°N 72.2075056°E). These pictures had mixed views, one of the expression of power that could shackle or reshape diplomatic landscapes[14] of a region and another of the ethical question about the usage of satellite imagery in terms of privacy and national sovereignty of a nuclear-capable nation. The report was published at a time when American President Bill Clinton was due to visit India and sparked concerns worldwide. It was later clearly stated in the Dawn newspaper on June 14, 2000 that this particular nuclear reactor at Khushab and its reprocessing plant were generating between 8 to 10 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium per year, dedicated for military use.
China, a nuclear friend
Some reports around the time of the satellite imagery stunt revealed that China is helping Pakistan mount nuclear warheads atop mobile M-11 missiles for which garages were supposedly build underground at Sargodha. If the case be, Pakistan had a head-start in the nuclear game. John E. Pike, spokesperson for the Federation of American Scientists told a press conference nuclear powers, in the past, or presumed nuclear powers, except the U.S., had only one organisation for making uranium and plutonium bombs because of the high costs involved but, Pakistan had two.
References
- ^ Zila Nazims & Naib Zila Nazims in the Province of Punjab
- ^ Urban Resource Centre (1998 Census))
- ^ Tehsil statistics (Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division)
- ^ Special Weapons Program of Pakistan (Federation of American Scientists)
- ^ South Asia arms race - is it paranoia? (BBC News)
- ^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of Khushab - Government of Pakistan
- ^ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C12%5C19%5Cstory_19-12-2007_pg7_20
- ^ secratory u/c 47
- ^ "New district nazims". DAWN Newspaper. http://www.dawn.com/2005/10/08/nat19.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-29.
- ^ a b "Alliances await CMs nod for Khushab slots". DAWN Newspaper. http://www.dawn.com/2005/08/29/top18.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-29.
- ^ "Khushab, pp.39-42". http://www.pap.gov.pk/legislators/present/dist6.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-29.
- ^ "Tehsil Nazims & Naib Tehsil Nazims in the District of Khushab". http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_representative/batch_01/tehsil.asp?district=15&dn=Khushab. Retrieved on 2008-05-29.
- ^ FAKHAR IMAM SHAH OF SATH SHAHANI
- ^ Top-Secret Kodak Moment In Space Shakes Global Security, Christian Science Monitor (March 21, 2000)
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