 An Iranian Kilo class submarine, the Yunes |
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Builders: | Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering “Rubin”, Admiralty Shipyard (Sudomekh), Shipyard 199, Nizhniy Novgorod, completed at Sevmashpredpriyatiye, Severodvinsnk, Shipyard 112, Komsolol'sk-na-Amur |
| Operators: |  Soviet Navy Russian Navy People's Liberation Army Navy Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Indonesian Navy Polish Navy Romanian Naval Forces Algerian National Navy Indian Navy Vietnamese People's Navy (2010) |
| Preceded by: | Tango class submarine |
| Succeeded by: | Lada class submarine |
| In commission: | April 1982 |
| Building: | 6 |
| Completed: | 49 |
| Active: | 42 |
| Laid up: | 7 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | Surfaced: 2,300-2,350 tons Submerged:3,000-4,000 tons full load |
| Length: | 70.0-74.0 meters |
| Draft: | 6.5 m |
| Depth of hold: | Operational: 240 meters Maximum: 300 meters |
| Installed power: | Diesel-electric |
| Propulsion: | Diesel-electric propulsion 2 x 1000 kW Diesel generators 1 x 5,500-6,800 shp Propulsion motor 1 x fixed-pitch Propeller |
| Speed: | Surfaced: 10-12 knots Submerged: 17-25 knots |
| Range: | With snorkel: 6,000-7,500 miles at 7 knots Submerged: 400 miles at 3 knots Full run: 12.7 miles at 21 knots |
| Endurance: | 45 days |
| Test depth: | 300 m |
| Complement: | 52 |
| Armament: | 6/553 mm torpedo tubes 18 torpedoes 24 mines 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or 8 SA-N-10 Gimlet Surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons) |
The Kilo class is the NATO reporting name for a military diesel-electric submarine that is made in Russia. The original version of the vessels were designated Project 877 Paltus (Turbot) in Russia. There is also a more advanced version, designated as Improved Kilo in the west, and Project 636 Varshavyanka in Russia. The Kilo will be succeeded by the Lada class submarine, which began sea trials in 2005.
The boats are mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system (with NATO reporting name Shark Gill), which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa (with NATO reporting name Mouse Roar). Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Afra also upgraded to MG-519EM. The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation. Project 636, sometimes called "The Black Hole" by the US Navy for its uncanny ability to "disappear", is thought to be one of the quietest diesel-electric submarine classes in the world.[1]
Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sonar sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal.[2] These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range by which the sub may be detected by passive sonar.[3]
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Operators
The first submarine entered service in the Soviet Navy in 1982, and the class remains in use with the Russian navy. 17 vessels are believed to still be in active service with the Russian Navy, while 7 vessels are thought to be in reserve.[4] So far, 33 vessels have been exported to several countries:
Algeria - 2 Original Kilo, 2 Improved Kilo to be commissioned between 2009-2010.[5]
People's Republic of China - 2 Original Kilo, 10 Improved Kilo.[6][7][8]
India - 10 Kilo designated the Sindhughosh class.[9][10]
Poland - 1 Kilo ORP Orzeł.[11]- Indonesia - 8 Improved Kilo ordered in Sept 2007, Scheduled to arrive at 2009.[12]
- Iran - 3 Kilo.[13]
- Romania - 1 Kilo - (Delfinul).[14]
Russia - 17 Kilo in active service (B-445; B-459 Vladikavkaz; B-464 Ust'-Kamchatsk; B-471 Magnitogorsk; B-494 Ust'-Bolsheretsk; B-800 Kaluga; B-871 Alrosa; B-808 Yaroslavl'; B-177 Lipetsk; B-806; B-340; B-190; B-227; B-260 Chita; B-345; B-394; B-402 Vologda), 7 in reserve. [15]- Vietnam - 6 Improved Kilo on order, first delivery of 2 ships in 2010, completion of order in 2011.[16]
Specifications
There are several variants of the Kilo class. The information below is the smallest and largest number from the available information for all three variants of the ship.[1]
- Displacement:
- 2,300-2,350 tons surfaced
- 3,000-4,000 tons submerged
- Dimensions:
- Length: 70-74 meters
- Beam: 9.9 meters
- Draft: 6.2-6.5 meters
- Maximum speed
- 10-12 knots surfaced
- 17-25 knots submerged
- Propulsion: Diesel-electric 5,900 shp (4,400 kW)
- Maximum depth: 300 meters (240-250 meters operational)
- Endurance
- 400 nautical miles (700 km) at 3 knots (6 km/h) submerged
- 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km) at 7 knots (13 km/h) snorkeling (7,500 miles for the Improved Kilo class)
- 45 days sea endurance
- Armament
- Air defence: 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or SA-N-10 Gimlet[17] Surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons)
- Six 533 mm torpedo tubes with 18 53-65 ASuW or TEST 71/76 ASW torpedoes or VA-111 Shkval supercavitating "underwater missiles", or 24 DM-1 mines,
- Crew: 52
- Price per unit is US$200–250 million (China paid approx. US$1.5-2 billion for 8 Project 636 Kilo class submarines)
Gallery
 Soviet Kilo class submarine. |
 Algerian Kilo class submarine. |
 A Chinese Kilo class submarine being delivered from Russia as deck cargo in 1995. |
See also
- INS Sindhurakshak - an Indian submarine of the Kilo class
- Losharik
- Patrick Robinson - author of the novels Nimitz Class and Kilo Class; both describe hypothetical situations involving Kilo class submarines, though lacking credible detail[citation needed]. The Kilo is portrayed in many of Robinson's other novels, where the ships' stealth may be overemphasized.
- List of ships of Algeria
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kilo class submarines |
References
- ^ a b http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/877.htm
- ^ Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sonar sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal.
- ^ Kilo Class Submarines
- ^ http://www.warfare.ru/?linkid=1758&catid=307
- ^ http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-479.html
- ^ http://www.sinodefence.com/navy/sub/kilo.asp
- ^ http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kilo877/
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/kilo.htm
- ^ http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/877.htm
- ^ http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Sindhugosh.html
- ^ http://www.navy.mw.mil.pl/index.php?akcja=orzel
- ^ http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kilo
- ^ http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kilo877/index.html
- ^ dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/497645
- ^ http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=307&linkid=1758&linkname=877-/-636-Kylo-class
- ^ http://www.defencetalk.com/russia-to-build-kilo-class-diesel-submarines-for-vietnam-18232/
- ^ "Project 877 Kilo class Project 636 Kilo class Diesel-Electric Torpedo Submarine Specifications". GlobalSecurity.org. 2006-04-22. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/877-specs.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
- "Kilo class - Project 636". GlobalSecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/877.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
- "China Defence Today - Kilo Class Diesel-Electric Submarine". SinoDefence.com. http://www.sinodefence.com/navy/sub/kilo.asp. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
- "Серия 877 Варшавянка". Encyclopedia of Ships (Russian language). http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=101334. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
- "Rubin". Rubin. http://www.ckb-rubin.ru/. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
- "Kilo Class "Alrosa" Photoalbum: 100 Photos". Russian Black Sea Fleet. http://www.alrosa.net/photos/. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
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