king

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For more information on king, visit Britannica.com.

In addition to the idiom beginning with king, also see live like a king.

Definition: royal ruler
Antonyms: queen

n.

A male person commonly known in America as a "crowned head," although he never wears a crown and has usually no head to speak of.

    A king, in times long, long gone by,
        Said to his lazy jester:
    "If I were you and you were I
    My moments merrily would fly --
        Nor care nor grief to pester."
    
    "The reason, Sire, that you would thrive,"
        The fool said -- "if you'll hear it --
    Is that of all the fools alive
    Who own you for their sovereign, I've
        The most forgiving spirit."
                                                             Oogum Bem

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Quotes:

"Don't forget your great guns, which are the most respectable arguments of the rights of kings." - (Frederick II) Frederick The Great

"In a few years there will be only five kings in the world -- the King of England and the four kings in a pack of cards." - Farouk I

"There is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his." - Helen Keller

"Kings have many ears and eyes." - Proverb

"Divine right of kings means the divine right of anyone who can get uppermost." - Herbert Spencer

"The supreme, the merciless, the destroyer of opposition, the exalted King, the shepherd, the protector of the quarters of the world, the King the word of whose mouth destroys mountains and seas, who by his lordly attack has forced mighty and merciless Kings from the rising of the sun to the setting of the same to acknowledge one supremacy." - Ashurnasirpal

See more famous quotes about Kings

• pigeon
• Government Officials and Citizens - king: male monarch
• Titles of Rank - king: male monarch of major territorial unit, usu. holding hereditary title and ruling for life
• Chess
• Respectful or Admiring Reference

For other uses, see King (disambiguation).

King in the standard Staunton pattern

In chess, the king (♔, ♚) is the most important piece. The object of the game is to trap the opponent's king so that its escape is not possible (checkmate). If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said to be in check, and the player must remove the threat of capture on the next move. If this cannot be done, the king is said to be in checkmate. Although the king is the most important piece, it is usually the weakest piece in the game until a later phase, the endgame.

Contents 1 Movement 1.1 Castling 2 Status in games 2.1 Check and checkmate 2.2 Stalemate 3 Role in gameplay 4 Unicode 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Movement

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

Initial placement of the kings.

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

Possible movements of the unhindered king piece.

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

Possible movements of the king piece when hindered by the borders or other pieces. The black king cannot move to the squares under attack by the white bishop, the white knight, the white queen, or the white pawn, and the white king cannot move to the squares under attack by the black queen. White has just played Rd1#, checkmating the black king.

White starts with the king on the first rank to the right of the queen. Black starts with the king directly across from the white king. With the squares labeled as in algebraic notation, the white king starts on e1 and the black king on e8.

A king can move one square in any direction (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally) unless the square is already occupied by a friendly piece or the move would place the king in check. As a result, the opposing kings may never occupy adjacent squares (see opposition), but the king can give discovered check by unmasking a bishop, rook, or queen. The king is also involved in the special move of castling.

Castling

Main article: Castling

In conjunction with a rook, the king may make a special move called castling, in which the king moves two squares toward one of its rooks and then the rook is placed on the square over which the king crossed. Castling is allowed only when neither the king nor the castling rook has previously moved, when no squares between them are occupied, when the king is not in check, and when the king will not move across or end its movement on a square that is under enemy attack.

Status in games

Chess pieces

	King
	Queen
	Rook
	Bishop
	Knight
	Pawn

Check and checkmate

Main articles: check (chess) and checkmate

If a player's move places the opponent's king under attack, that king is said to be in check, and the player in check is required to immediately remedy the situation. There are three possible methods to remove the king from check:

• Moving the king to an adjacent non-threatened square
• Interposing a piece between the king in check and the attacking piece in order to break the line of threat (not possible when the attacking piece is a knight, or when in double check).
• Capturing the attacking piece (not possible in double check, unless the king captures)

If none of these three options are possible, the player's king has been checkmated and the player loses the game.

Stalemate

Main article: Stalemate

A stalemate occurs when, for the player with the move:

• The player has no legal moves, and
• The player's king is not in check

If this happens, the king is said to have been stalemated and the game ends in a draw. A player who has very little or no chance of winning will often try to entice the opponent to inadvertently place the player's king in stalemate in order to avoid a loss.

Role in gameplay

In the opening and middlegame, the king will rarely play an active role in the development of an offensive or defensive position. Instead, a player will normally try to castle and seek safety on the edge of the board behind friendly pawns. In the endgame, however, the king emerges to play an active role as an offensive piece as well as assisting in the promotion of their remaining pawns.

It is not meaningful to assign a value to the king relative to the other pieces, as it cannot be captured or exchanged. In this sense, its value could be considered infinite. As an assessment of the king's capability as an offensive piece in the endgame, it is often considered to be slightly stronger than a bishop or knight – Emanuel Lasker gave it the value of a knight plus a pawn (i.e. four points on the scale of Chess piece relative value) (Lasker 1934:73). It is better at defending nearby pawns than the knight is, and it is better at attacking them than the bishop is (Ward 1996:13).

Unicode

Main article: Chess symbols in Unicode

Unicode defines two codepoints for king:

♔ U+2654 White Chess King (HTML ♔)

♚ U+265A Black Chess King (HTML ♚)

See also

• Bare king
• Chess piece
• King and pawn versus king endgame
• King's graph
• Opposition (chess) - technique of king facing king
• Staunton chess set

References

• Brace, Edward R. (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, p. 151, ISBN 1-55521-394-4 
• Barden, Leonard (1980), Play better chess with Leonard Barden, Octopus Books Limited, pp. 9, 11, 12, ISBN 0-7064-0967-1 
• Lasker, Emanuel (1934), Lasker's Chess Primer, Billings (1988 reprint), ISBN 0-7134-6241-8 
• Ward, Chris (1996), Endgame Play, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-7920-5 

External links

• Piececlopedia: King by Hans L. Bodlaender and Fergus Duniho.

v t e   Chess pieces Rook Knight Bishop Queen King Pawn Fairy pieces (Grasshopper Hippogonal Nightrider) Piece point values

v t e   Chess Outline Rules Terms Pieces History Openings Strategy Tactics Endgame World Championship Tournaments Computers Variants Ratings Titles

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - konge
v. tr. - spille konge
adj. - kongelig

idioms:

• a king's ransom    stor sum
• King's English    standardengelsk, anerkendt sprogbrug
• king's evil    skrofulose

Nederlands (Dutch)
koning, heer (kaarten), dam, God, koning maken

Français (French)
n. - (lit, fig) roi, magnat, (avocat) de la couronne, roi (aux cartes), dame (jeu de dames)
v. tr. - couronner
adj. - royal

idioms:

• a king's ransom    (coûter) une somme fabuleuse
• King's English    Anglais châtié
• king's evil    mauvaises herbes

Deutsch (German)
n. - König
v. - zum König machen, (ugs.) verlängern (Zigaretten)
adj. - Königs...

idioms:

• a king's ransom    ein Vermögen
• King's English    englische Hochsprache
• king's evil    (Med) Skrofulose, Skrofel

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - βασιλιάς, μονάρχης, (στην τράπουλα) ρήγας
v. - παριστάνω τον βασιλιά

idioms:

• a king's ransom    περιουσία, βασιλικά λύτρα
• King's English    η επίσημη αγγλική γλώσσα, σωστά αγγλικά
• king's evil    χοιράδωση, χελώνια

Italiano (Italian)
re

idioms:

• King's English    l'inglese puro
• king's evil    scrofola

Português (Portuguese)
n. - rei (m)

idioms:

• a king's ransom    grande quantia de dinheiro
• King's English    inglês correto ou britânico
• king's evil    escrófula

Русский (Russian)
король, властелин, шахматный король

idioms:

• King's English    нормативный английский язык
• king's evil    золотуха

Español (Spanish)
n. - rey, monarca, soberano
v. tr. - elevar al trono, coronar un peón
adj. - real

idioms:

• a king's ransom    su peso en oro
• King's English    inglés correcto estándar, inglés aceptado (G.B.)
• king's evil    escrófula

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - kung
v. - göra till kung, härska, uppträda som kung

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
国王, 君主, 立...为王, 主要的, 极巨大的

idioms:

• a king's ransom    一笔巨款
• King's English    标准英语
• king's evil    淋巴结结核

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 國王, 君主
v. tr. - 立...為王
adj. - 主要的, 極巨大的

idioms:

• a king's ransom    一筆巨款
• King's English    標準英語
• king's evil    淋巴結結核

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 국왕, 거물, 최상품
v. tr. - 국왕으로 삼다 , 왕위에 앉히다
adj. - 국왕의

idioms:

• a king's ransom    국왕의 몸값

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 王, 大立物, …王, キング

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) ملك (فعل) ينصبه كملك‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מלך‬
v. tr. - ‮הכתיר למלך‬
adj. - ‮גדול מאד‬

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