A theory which treats a substance as a classical
(non-quantum-mechanical) collection of permanent magnetic dipoles
with no interactions between them, having a Boltzmann distribution
with respect to energy of interaction with an applied field
A theory which treats a substance as a classical
(non-quantum-mechanical) collection of permanent magnetic dipoles
with no interactions between them, having a Boltzmann distribution
with respect to energy of interaction with an applied field
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give Langevins theory of paramagnetism?
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Materials that are referred to when discussing paramagnetism are
aluminum or platinum.