Jean Claude Milner has written:

'Les noms indistincts' -- subject(s): Language and languages, Philosophy

'Ordres et raisons de langue' -- subject(s): French language, Linguistics

'L' amour de la langue' -- subject(s): Language and languages, Linguistics

"Langue" refers to the underlying structure or system of a language, while "competence" refers to one's ability to effectively communicate using that language. Both are concepts used in the field of linguistics to understand how individuals use language.

"Course in General Linguistics" is a seminal work by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure that laid the foundation for modern structural linguistics. It introduces key concepts such as the distinction between langue (language system) and parole (individual speech), synchrony and diachrony, and the arbitrariness of linguistic signs. Saussure's ideas have had a lasting influence on the field of linguistics and semiotics.

Langue refers to the underlying system or structure that governs a particular language, such as its grammar rules and phonological systems. Language, on the other hand, refers to the actual use of that system by speakers to communicate meaning through speech or writing. Langue is more abstract and universal, while language is concrete and specific to a particular community.

The three main dichotomies of linguistics are: synchrony vs. diachrony (study of language at a specific point in time vs. over time), competence vs. performance (knowledge of language vs. its use in context), and langue vs. parole (language system vs. actual instances of language use).