1. Law of Identity

2. Law of contradicting

3. Law of the excluded middle

4. Law of Sufficient Ground

Aristotle's Law of the Excluded Middle. Aristotle's "laws" of logic, including the law of the "excluded middle," can serve simple arguments, but for more complex analyses, more sophisticated systems are needed -- just as, for example, simple arithmetic is satisfactory if we are counting money in a piggy-bank, but for determining the rate at which a liquid cools, we need a more complex mathematical system.

I believe the Chinese were excluded for a time.

The law of logic refers to fundamental principles that govern logical reasoning, such as the laws of identity, non-contradiction, and excluded middle. These laws help ensure the validity of arguments and the consistency of logical statements. Deviating from the laws of logic can lead to logical fallacies and reasoning errors.

It is the principle of Higher Law.