Petit Journal, Le. The first daily newspaper—popular in content, style, and price (1 sou)—to gain lasting success: its average circulation in the 1890s was 1 million. Launched in 1863 as a literary paper, Le Petit Journal long eschewed partisan politics and offered a mix of human-interest stories, romans-feuilletons, and garrulous editorials. The press magnate Moïse-Polydore Millaud organized its production, distribution, and promotion like that of a perishable product to be delivered fresh each morning throughout France. Serial novels were a key ingredient: Ponson du Terrail, Émile Richebourg, Gaboriau, Verne, and Xavier de Montépin adorned its columns. By 1901 the paper was losing appeal: under its chief editor Ernest Judet it deserted political moderation for partisan polemics (anti- Clemenceau, anti- Dreyfusard), and began an inexorable decline.
[Michael Palmer]




