Leaching is a widely used extractive metallurgy technique which
converts metals into soluble salts in aqueous media. Compared to
pyrometallurgical operations, leaching is easier to perform and
much less harmful, because no gaseous pollution occurs. The only
drawback of leaching is its lower efficiency caused by the low
temperatures of the operation, which dramatically affect chemical
reaction rates.
Calcification is the process in which the mineral calcium builds
up in soft tissue, causing it to harden. Calcifications may be
classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the
location of thecalcification.