Bernstein, Leonard (1918–90), composer. Born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and educated at Harvard and the Curtis Institute of Music, he had earned recognition as a symphonic conductor and composer of the ballet “Fancy Free,” about three sailors on the town in wartime New York, before adapting that ballet into a musical comedy called On the Town (1944). In 1950 Bernstein wrote music for Peter Pan, then scored a major success with Wonderful Town (1953). His comic operetta Candide (1956) failed to run, but its score, including the famous overture, has endured triumphantly. West Side Story (1957) marked a complete change of venue and tone and remains his most‐produced work. Because of Bernstein's busy schedule conducting and recording classical music, he did not return to the theatre for twenty years, but suffered a quick failure with 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (1976). Stanley Green noted, “Bernstein has shown a certain eclecticism in his work for the theatre that has made it less of an individual expression than highly technical, remarkably effective music with each score sounding almost as if it were the work of a different man.” His nontheatrical compositions covered a wide range, including opera and a Mass. Autobiography: Findings, 1982; biography: Leonard Bernstein, Humphrey Burton, 1994.
Born August 25, 1918 in Lawrence, MA Died October 14, 1990 in New York, NY
Country: USA
Genres: Opera, Orchestral, Chamber, Concerto, Music Theater, Vocal, Symphonic, Keyboard, Choral, Ballet, Film
Biography
As composer, conductor, and educator, Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) emerged as one of a handful of figures in the twentieth century who truly changed the face of music. As a composer, Bernstein left a far-reaching legacy that includes three symphonies, a film score of singular distinction, (On the Waterfront), and an important body of stage works, including one of the cornerstones of American musical theater, West Side Story (1957). The first American-born conductor to attain international superstardom, Bernstein made a profound impression on audiences; his podium manner was dynamic, even flamboyant, to an extent never before witnessed. Bernstein's extroverted manner attracted much criticism from those who dismissed him as a mere exhibitionist; his advocates, however, far outnumbered his detractors.
Born in Lawrence, MA, Bernstein made his mark first as a composer. He attended Harvard University, where he studied with Walter Piston among other distinguished figures. Occasionally he wrote popular songs on the side using the pseudonym Lenny Amber ("amber" being the English translation of the word "Bernstein"). His works of the 1940s, both weighty and light, brought him considerable acclaim; the single year of 1944 saw the premieres of two especially well-received scores, the Symphony No. 1, "Jeremiah", and the ballet Fancy Free. During his sometimes rocky tenure (1958-1969) as music director of the New York Philharmonic, Bernstein brought that ensemble to a new level of prestige and popularity: every Bernstein concert and recording became a much-anticipated event. Through his association with the New York Philharmonic and a neverending stream of guest engagements worldwide, Bernstein became particularly renowned as an interpreter of Mahler and Copland; he did much to carve out the prominent place in the orchestral concert repertory that both composers now maintain. Already well-known by the time he took over the New York Philharmonic, Bernstein became truly famous in 1958, with the first of his series of televised Young People's Concerts, fondly remembered by many as their introduction to the world of classical music. Among the first group of students to receive training at the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood, Bernstein soon became the institution's guiding light, serving as teacher and mentor for generations of musicians. Though he remained a giant of the podium until the very end, Bernstein curtailed his conducting activities in later years in order to spend more time composing. Little of Bernstein's music from the 1970s on has attained the same level of popularity achieved by his earlier works; still, it comprises a distinguished, substantial body of work that includes the Mass (1971), the opera A Quiet Place (1983), and the song cycle Arias and Barcarolles (1988). ~ AMG, All Music Guide
