ligase

In biochemistry, a ligase (from the Latin verb ligāre — "to bind" or "to glue together") is an enzyme that can catalyse the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, usually with accompanying hydrolysis of a small chemical group pendant to one of the larger molecules. In general, ligase catalyses the following reaction:

Ab + C → A–C + b

or sometimes

Ab + cD → A–D + b + c

where the lowercase letters signify the small, pendant groups.

Nomenclature

The common names of ligase enzymes often include the word "ligase," such as DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology laboratories to join together DNA fragments. Other common names for ligases include synthetases, because they are used to synthesize new molecules.

Note that synthetases should not be confused with synthases, as synthases do not use energy from nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP) and belong to the lyase group, whereas ligases do use nucleoside triphosphates.

Classification

Ligases are classified as EC 6 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Ligases can be further classified into six subclasses:

• EC 6.1 includes ligases used to form carbon-oxygen bonds
• EC 6.2 includes ligases used to form carbon-sulfur bonds
• EC 6.3 includes ligases used to form carbon-nitrogen bonds (including argininosuccinate synthetase)
• EC 6.4 includes ligases used to form carbon-carbon bonds
• EC 6.5 includes ligases used to form phosphoric ester bonds
• EC 6.6 includes ligases used to form nitrogen-metal bonds

See also

• DNA ligase

References

• EC 6 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London