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It is a corollary of the Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem.
Yes, it is, as are all the following:
Completeness Axiom
Heine-Borel
Nested Set
Bolzano-Weierstrass
Monotone Convergence
Ferdinand von Lindemann, along with his colleague Karl Weierstrass
Karl Weierstrass died on 1897-02-19.
no