Librarians sometimes used to refer erroneously to Library Science as Information Science. Information Science refers to all information systems and methodologies.

Yes, a library of science degree is obtainable through online courses. Visit the site http://librarysciencedegree.org/ for more information and a list of qualifying schools you can apply to.

Either 'geology' or 'earth science'

Some of the different terms of library science are cybrarian services and information science. Another term used is library and information services.

It is often abbreviated as LIS (Library and Information Science).