List of biologists

This is a list of notable biologists. It includes zoologists, botanists, ornithologists, malacologists, naturalists and other specialities.

A

Humayun Abdulali (1914–2001), Indian ornithologist
Erik Acharius (1757–1819), Swedish botanist
Pedro Alberch i Vié (1954–1998), Spanish naturalist
Johann Friedrich Adam (18th cent - 1806), Russian botanist
Michel Adanson (1727–1806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Adans.)
Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889–1977), British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), Swedish botanist
Carl Adolph Agardh (1785–1859), Swedish botanist
Jacob Georg Agardh (1813–1901), Swedish botanist
Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), Swiss zoologist
Alexander Agassiz (1835–1910), American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz
Nikolaus Ager (1568–1634), French botanist
William Aiton (1731–1793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Aiton)
Bruce Alberts (born 1938), American biochemist, former President of the National Academy of Sciences
Boyd Alexander (1873–1910), English ornithologist
Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English ornithologist
Richard D. Alexander (born 1930) American evolutionary biologist
Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist
Alfred William Alcock (1859–1933), British naturalist
Salim Ali (1896–1987), Indian ornithologist
Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1736 – after 1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany : F.Allam.)
Warder Clyde Allee (1885–1955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee effect
Joel Asaph Allen (1838–1921), birds, mammals
George James Allman (1812–1898), British naturalist
Prospero Alpini (1553–1617), Italian botanist
Sidney Altman (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on RNA
Bruce Ames (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test
José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832–1897), Portuguese naturalist
Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf (1857–1921), Swedish marine zoologist.
Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC), Greek philosopher
Peter Artedi (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist
Jean Baptiste Audebert (1759–1800), French naturalist.
Jean Victoire Audouin (1797–1841), French zoologist
John James Audubon (1786–1851), American ornithologist
Charlotte Auerbach (1899–1994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of mutagenesis
Gilbert Ashwell (born 1916), American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor
Richard Axel (born 1946), Nobel prize winning physiologist
Julius Axelrod (1912–2004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters
Joseph Ayers marine neurophysiologist and biomimetic researcher
Félix de Azara (1746–1811), Spanish naturalist

B

Ba-Bi

Churchill Babington (1831–1881), British archaeologist and conchologist
Bailey Deal (1890–1969), Irish microbiologist
John Bachman (1790–1874), American naturalist
Curt Backeberg (1894–1966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.)
Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), embryology
Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), American botanist (abbr. in botany : L.H.Bailey)
Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823–1887), birds and mammals
John Hutton Balfour (1808–1884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Balf.)
David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel prize
Joseph Banks (1743–1820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany : Banks)
Robert Bárány (1876–1936), Austrian physician, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the vestibular system
Benjamin Smith Barton (1766–1815), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Barton)
John Bartram (1699–1777), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Bartram)
William Bartram (1739–1823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : W.Bartram)
Anton de Bary (1831–1888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist
Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), English naturalist
Patrick Bateson (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the Zoological Society of London
August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (1762–1802), German botanist, mycologist
Nicolas Baudin (1754–1803), French botanist
Gaspard Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus(abbr. in botany : C.Bauhin)
Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Bechst.)
Rollo Beck (1870–1950), US ornithologist
Charles Emerson Beecher (1856–1904), US invertebrate paleontologist
Charles William Beebe (1877–1962), biologist
Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses
Thomas Bell (1792–1880) English naturalist
David Bellamy (born 1933), English botanist
M. A. Benjaminson (born 1930), American microbiologist and biotechnologist, in vitro meat pioneer
Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836), English zoologist
George Bentham (1800–1884), English botanist (abbr; in botany : Benth.)
Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917–1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
Robert Bentley (1821–1893), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Bentley)
Hans Berger (1873–1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography
Claude Bernard (1813–1878), French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis
Samuel Stillman Berry (1887–1984), U.S. marine zoologist
Thomas Bewick (1753–1828), English ornithologist
Colin Bibby (1948–2004), English ornithologist
Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848), French zoologist
Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan (1883–1953), Dutch biologist and ethologist
Biswamoy Biswas (1923–1994), Indian ornithologist

Bl-Bu

Liz Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US researcher in the field of telomeres and the 'telomerase' enzyme.
John Blackwall (1790–1881), British entomologist
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850), French zoologist
Albert Francis Blakeslee (1874–1954), American botanist, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi
Thomas Blakiston (1832–1891), English naturalist
William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), English naturalist
Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), Dutch ichthyologist
Günter Blobel (born 1936), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell.
Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules
Carl Ludwig Blume (1789–1862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Blume)
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), German physiologist and anthropologist
Edward Blyth (1810–1873), English zoologist
Pieter Boddaert (1730–1795 or 1796), naturalist
Cándido Bolívar Pieltain (1897–1976), Spanish naturalist
Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), French naturalist
James Bond (1900–1989), American ornithologist
Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830), Italian ornithologist
August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786–1839), German botanist
Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), Swiss naturalist
Aimé Bonpland (1773–1858), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Bonpl.)
Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system
Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903–1970), Russian botanist
Norman Borlaug (born 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution.
Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759–1828), French zoologist
George Albert Boulenger (1858–1937), Belgian zoologist
Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), French naturalist
Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802–1879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Brandt)
Christian Ludwig Brehm (1787–1864), German ornithologist
Alfred Brehm (1829–1884), German zoologist
Sydney Brenner (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814–1880), American naturalist
William Brewster (1851–1919), American ornithologist
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723–1806), French zoologist.
Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859–1934), US Botanist (abbr. in botany : Britton)
Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (1801–1876), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Brongn.)
Robert Broom (1866–1951), South African paleontologist
James H. Brown American ecologist.
Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist (abbr. in botany : R.Br.)
David Bruce (1855-1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist
Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798), French naturalist
Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist
Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762–1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist
Stephen L. Buchmann co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators
Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist, Nobel prize winner
Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809–1884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buckley)
Buffon (1707–1788) French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buffon)
William Bullock (1773–1849), English naturalist
Walter Buller (1838–1906), New Zealand naturalist
James Bulwer (1794–1879), English naturalist and conchologist
Alexander G. von Bunge (1803–1890), German-Russian zoologist
Luther Burbank (1849–1926), American horticulturalist
Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), German zoologist
Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA
Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing

C

Jean Cabanis (1816–1906), German ornithologist
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience.
George Caley (1770–1829), English botanist
Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665–1721), German botanist
Frederick Campion Steward (1904–1993), British botanist
A. P. de Candolle (1778–1841), Swiss botanist
Alexis Carrel (1873–1944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of eugenics
Elie-Abel Carrière (1818–1896), French botanist
Clodoveo Carrión Mora (1883–1957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist
Sean Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist
Rachel Carson (1907–1964), biologist, author of Silent Spring
George Washington Carver (1860–1943), American botanist
John Cassin (1813–1869), American ornithologist
Alexandre de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Cass.)
William E. Castle (1867–1962), American geneticist
Mark Catesby (1683–1749), English naturalist
Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), Italian botanist
Francesco Cetti (1726–1778), Italian zoologist
Carlos Chagas (1879–1934), Brazilian physician
Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), German botanist
Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), biologist
Frank Michler Chapman (1864–1945), ornithologist
Martha Chase (1927–2003), American biologist, conducted the Hershey-Chase experiment which linked DNA to heredity
Sergei Chetverikov (1880–1959), Russian population geneticist
Charles Chilton (1860–1929), New Zealand zoologist
Carl Chun (1852–1914), German marine biologist
Nathan Cobb (1859–1932), American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline of nematology
Alfred Cogniaux (1841–1916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in bot. : Cogn.)
Stanley Cohen (born 1922), American biologist who won the Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors.
Henry Boardman Conover (1892–1950), American ornithologist
Timothy Abbott Conrad (1803–1877), American malacologist
James Graham Cooper (1830–1902), American naturalist
William Cooper (1798–1864), American conchologist
Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897), fish, reptiles, paleontology
Charles Coquerel (1822–1867), French navy surgeon and entomologist
Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984), American biochemist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the Cori cycle
Gerty Cori (1986–1957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband Carl for their work on the Cori cycle
Charles B. Cory (1857–1921), American ornithologist
Elliott Coues (1842–1899), American ornithologist
Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (1907–2004), South African zoologist
Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer
Miguel Rolando Covian (1913–1992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology
Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar (1786–1845), German zoologist
Francis Crick (1916–2004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule and a neurobiologist
Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), English botanist
Allan Cunningham (1791–1839), English botanist
William Curtis (1746–1799), English botanist
Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), French naturalist.

D

Anders Dahl (1751–1789), (namesake of the Dahlia)
W.H. Dall (1845–1927), American naturalist and malacologist.
Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist
Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles
Charles Davenport (1866–1944), American biologist and eugenicsist, founded the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Armand David (1826–1900), French zoologist and botanist
Bernard Davis (1916–1994), American biologist
Richard Dawkins (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist
Anton de Bary (1831–1888), German botanist and mycologist
Pierre Antoine Delalande (1787–1823), French naturalist
Max Delbrück (1906–1981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the replication mechanism of viruses
Richard Dell (1920–2002), New Zealand malacologist
Stefano Delle Chiaje (1794 - 1860), Italian zoologist
José María de la Fuente Morales (1855–1932), Spanish biologist
Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888), Belgian botanist
Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau (1810–1892), French naturalist
René Louiche Desfontaines (1750–1833), French botanist
Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1784–1838), French zoologist
Hugo de Vries (1848–1935), Dutch botanist
Frans de Waal (born 1948), Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist
Ernst Dieffenbach (1811–1855), German naturalist
Olayo Díaz Giménez (1810–1885), Spanish botanist
Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), German botanist
Walter Dobrogosz (born 1933), American microbiologist, discoverer of Lactobacillus reuteri
Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975), American geneticist and evolutionary biologist
Rembert Dodoens (1517–1585), Flemish botanist
David Don (1799–1841), British botanist
James Donn (1758–1813) English botanist
Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), German marine biologist
Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857), French naturalist
Jean Dorst (1924–2001), French ornithologist
Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), British entomologist
David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist
Jonas C. Dryander (1748–1810), Swedish botanist
Renato Dulbecco (born 1914), biologist
Ronald Duman Biological psychiatry
André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), French zoologist
Michel Felix Dunal (1789–1856), French botanist
Robin Dunbar (born 1947), Italian virologist
Gerald Durrell (1925–1995), British naturalist

E

Sylvia Earle (born 1935 ), American oceanographer
John Carew Eccles (1903–1997), Australian neurophsyiologist and winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse
Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1795–1868), Danish botanist (bot. abbr. Eckl.)
Gerald Edelman (born 1929) Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience
George Edwards (1693–1773), British naturalist
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), German biologist and microscopist
Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
Theodor Eimer (1843–1898), German zoologist
Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835–1915), American zoologist
Günther Enderlein (1872–1968), German zoologist and entomologist
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (1804–1849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in bot.: Endl.)
Michael S. Engel (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist
George Engelmann (1809–1884), German-American botanist
Adolf Engler (1844–1930), German botanist (bot. abbr. Engl.)
Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (1744–1777), German naturalist.
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831), Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy
Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826–1897), Austrian botanist
Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809–1880), English naturalist

F

Jean Henri Fabre (1823–1915), French entomologist
Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808), Danish entomologist
David Fairchild (1869–1954), American botanist
Hugh Falconer (1808–1865), Scottish paleontologist
Leonardo Fea (1852–1903), Italian zoologist
Christoph Feldegg (1780–1845), Austrian naturalist
Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell (1917–1994), English zoologist and pre-Columbian contact theorist
Dimas Fernández Galiano (1921–2002)
Sérgio Ferreira (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist
Otto Finsch (1839–1917), German naturalist
Johann Fischer von Waldheim (1771–1853), German entomologist
James Fisher (1922–1970), English ornithologist
Ronald Fisher (1890–1962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics
Jim Flegg, British ornithologist
Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), British medical scientist
Walther Flemming (1843–1905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes
Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (1878–1950) English entomologist
Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968), a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin
E.B. Ford (1901–1988) British ecological geneticist
Brian J. Ford (born 1939) British biologist and writer
Peter Forsskål (1732–1763), Swedish naturalist
Georg Forster (1754–1794), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: G.Forst.)
Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–1798), German naturalist
Robert Fortune (1813–1880), Scottish botanist
Dian Fossey (1932–1985), zoologist
Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA
Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy
Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees
Imre Frivaldszky (1799–1870), Hungarian botanist
Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), German botanist
Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927), American ornithologist

G

Joseph Gaertner (1732–1791), German botanist
François Gagnepain (1866–1952), French botanist
Joseph Paul Gaimard (1796–1858), French
Biruté Galdikas (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on orangutans
William Gambel (1823–1849), American naturalist
Prosper Garnot (1794–1838), French naturalist
Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (1789–1854), French botanist
Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on split-brain patients
Pedro Gregorio de Echandía Jiménez (1746–1817)
Dirk Cornelis Geijskes (1907–1985), Dutch biologist and ethologist
Howard Scott Gentry (1903–1993), American botanist
John Gerard (1545–1611/12), English botanist
Conrad von Gesner (1516–1565), Swiss naturalist (bot. abbr. : Gesner)
Luca Ghini (1490–1566), Italian botanist
John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist
Charles Henry Gimingham (born 1923), British botanist
Charles Frédéric Girard (1822–1895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist
Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.F.Gmel.)
Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–1755), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.G.Gmel.)
Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1744–1774), German botanist (bot. abbr. : S.G.Gmel.)
Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), English naturalist and ornithologist
Émil Goeldi (1859–1917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf.
Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology
Jane Goodall (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best-known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
George Gordon (1806–1879), British botanist
Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888), English naturalist
John Gould (1804–1881), English ornithologist
Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), US paleontologist
Alfred Grandidier (1836–1921), French naturalist and explorer
Temple Grandin (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with autism
Chapman Grant (1887–1983), American herpetologist
Pierre-Paul Grassé (1895–1985), French zoologist
Asa Gray (1810–1888), US botanist
George Robert Gray (1808–1872), English zoologist
J.E. Gray (1800–1875), British zoologist
Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869), American ornithologist
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), British ornithologist
Jan Frederik Gronovius (1690–1762), Dutch botanist
Pavel Grošelj (1883–1940), biologist and belletrist
Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (1799–1874), French entomologist
Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745–1781), German naturalist
Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye"
Johann Ernst Gunnerus (1718–1773), Norwegian botanist
Albert C. L. G. Günther (1830–1914), British/German zoologist
Guranda Gvaladze (born 1932), Georgian botanist

H

Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), German physician
Hermann August Hagen (1817–1893), German entomologist
J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964), British geneticist and evolutionary biologist, co-founder of population genetics
William Donald Hamilton (1936–2000), British biologist
Thomas Hardwicke (1755–1835), English naturalist
Alister Clavering Hardy (1896–1985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion
Richard Harlan (1796–1843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist
Denham Harman (born 1916), American biogerontologist, "father of the free radical theory of aging", nominated for the Nobel Prize in medicine (1995)
Ernst Hartert (1859–1933), German ornithologist
Gustav Hartlaub (1814–1900), German zoologist
Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812–1871), German botanist
William Henry Harvey (1811–1866) Irish phycologist.
Hans Hass (born 1919), Austrian biologist
Frederik Hasselquist (1722–1752), Swedish naturalist
François HaverSchmidt (1906–1987) Dutch orthinologist
Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (1824–1878), English ornithologist
Oskar Heinroth (1871–1945), German biologist, founder of ethology
Wilhelm Hemprich (1796–1825), German naturalist
Willi Hennig (1913–1976) German biologist, founder of cladistics
John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861), English botanist
Alfred Hershey (1908–1997), American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of viruses
Archibald Vivian Hill (1886–1977), British physiologist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of mechanical work in muscles
Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800–1894), English naturalist
Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), German fisheries scientist
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg (1766–1849) German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist
Franciscus Holkema (1840–1869), Dutch botanist
Jacques Bernard Hombron (1798–1852), French naturalist
Leroy Hood (born 1939), M.D., Ph.D. American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer.
Robert Hooke (1635–1703), British scholar
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), British botanist
William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), British botanist
Bernardo Houssay (1887–1971), Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals.
Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798), Dutch naturalist
Thomas Horsfield (1773–1859), American naturalist
Albert Howard (1873–1947), British botanist
Eliot Howard (1873–1940), English ornithologist
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology.
David H. Hubel (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the visual system
François Huber (1750–1831), Swiss naturalist
Ambrosius Hubrecht (1853–1915), Dutch zoologist
William Henry Hudson (1841–1922), Argentinian-British ornithologist
Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist
Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), British ornithologist
Rob Hume, British ornithologist
George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903–1991), American ecologist and limnologist
Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1835–1905), New Zealand biologist and geologist
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), British scientist and early advocate of natural selection
Alpheus Hyatt (1838–1902), US neo-Lamarckian
Libbie Hyman (1888–1969), zoologist
Josef Hyrtl (1810–1894), Austrian anatomist

I

Hermann von Ihering (1850–1930), German naturalist
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1775–1813), German entomologist
Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799), Dutch-born British botanist.
Tom Iredale (1880–1972), English conchologist and ornithologist
Paul Erdmann Isert (1756–1789), German botanist

J

François Jacob (born 1920), French Biologist, Nobel Prize
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), Austrian botanist
William Jardine (1800–1874), Scottish naturalist
Feliks Pawel Jarocki (1790–1865), Polish zoologist
Daniel H. Janzen (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist
Thomas C. Jerdon (1811–1872), British zoologist and botanist
Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), (coined the term gene)
David Starr Jordan (1851–1931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford
Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797–1853), French botanist
Antoine de Jussieu (1686–1758), French naturalist
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748–1836), botanist, biologist (botanical abbr.: Juss.)
Bernard de Jussieu (1699–1777), French naturalist
Ernest Everett Just (1883–1941), American biologist

K

Zbigniew Kabata (born 1924), Polish parasitologist
Pehr Kalm (1716–1779), Swedish botanist
Motoderu Kamo cultivated kimjongilia
Eric R. Kandel (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the neural correlates of memory
Nicole C. Karafyllis, German biologist
Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817–1908), German botanist
Stuart Kauffman (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms
Johann Jakob Kaup (1803–1873), German naturalist
Janet Kear (1933–2004), English ornithologist
Gerald A. Kerkut (1927–2004), British zoologist and physiologist
Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831–1898), Austrian botanist
Arthur Francis George Kerr (1877–1942), Irish medical doctor, first systematic collector of plants of Siam
Robert Kerr (1755–1813), published The Animal Kingdom in 1792
Warwick Estevam Kerr (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil
Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics
William King Gregory (1876–1970), US zoologist
Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882–1957), Scottish zoologist
William Kirby (1759–1850), English entomologist
Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799–1874), German naturalist
Karl Koch (1809–1879), German botanist
Robert Koch (1843–1910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist
Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917), German physician, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
Fritz Köberle (1910–1983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of Chagas disease
Alexander Koenig (1858–1940), German naturalist
Albert von Kolliker (1817–1905), Swiss physiologist
Charles Konig (1774–1851), German naturalist
Arthur Kornberg (born 1918), discovered DNA polymerase
Adriaan Kortlandt, (born 1918), Dutch ethologist
Albrecht Kossel (1853–1927), German physician and winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cell biology
Hans Adolf Krebs (1900–1981), German biochemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration
Gerard Krefft (1830–1881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist
Moacyr Krieger (born 1930), Brazilian physician and physiologist
Kewal Krishan (born 1973), Biological Anthropologist, specialized in Forensic Anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Schack August Steenberg Krogh (1874–1949), Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle
Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821), German zoologist

L

Henri Laborit (1914–1995), French surgeon and physiologist
Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist
David Lack (1910–1973), British ornithologist
Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1783–1861), French ornithologist
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like biology and fossils
Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761–1842), British botanist
Hugh Lamprey (1928–1996), British ecologist
Joseph Lanjouw (1902–1984), Dutch botanist
Kai Larsen (born 1926) Danish botanist
John Latham (1740–1837), English naturalist
Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833), French entomologist
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922), French physician, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a protozoa
George Newbold Lawrence (1806–1855), American ornithologist
William Elford Leach (1790–1836) English zoologist and marine biologist
Colin Leakey (born 1933), British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science
Joseph Le Conte (1823–1901), physiologist
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope
François Leguat (1637?–1735), French naturalist
Joseph Leidy (1823–1891), US paleontologist
Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler (1771–1813), Dutch naturalist
Juan Lembeye (1816–1889), Spanish naturalist
Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them.
Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (1773–1826), French botanist
Rene Primevere Lesson (1794–1849), French naturalist
Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778–1846), French naturalist
François Le Vaillant (1753–1824), French ornithologist
Richard Lewontin (born 1929), biologist
Wen-Hsiung Li, molecular evolutionary biologist
Emmanuel Liais (1826–1900), French botanist
Martin Lichtenstein (1780–1867), German zoologist
Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989), Hungarian biologist
John Lindley (1799–1865) English botanist
Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1850), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Link)
Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778), Swedish botanist; father of the binomial name (abbr L. or Linn.)
Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), German-American biologist
Friedrich Loeffler (1852–1915), German biologist
Konrad Lorenz (1903–1989), Austrian founder of ethology
Harri Lorenzi (born 1949), Brazilian botanist
John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843), English botanist
James Lovelock (born 1919), English chemist and father of the gaia hypothesis
Anatole Stephan Loukashkin (1902–1988), biologist
Percy Lowe (1870–1948), English ornithologist
Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801–1880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist
Salvador Luria (1912–1991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner
Adolfo Lutz (1855–1940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher
André Lwoff (1902–1994), French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard Lydekker (1849–1915), English naturalist
Trofim Lysenko (1898–1976), Soviet biologist and agronomist. In 1948 he officially denounced genetics. See Lysenkoism.

M

Ma-Mi

Jules François Mabille (1831–1904), French malacologist
John Macadam (1827–1865), Scottish-born Australian botanist
John M. MacDougal (born 1954), American botanist
William MacGillivray (1796–1852), Scottish naturalist
Gerrit François Makkink (1907–2006), Dutch ethologist, hydrologist and agriculturist
Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), Italian anatomist and biologist
Sendurai Mani , Cancer Biologist from USA
Ramon Margalef (1919–2004), Spanish-catalan biologist and ecologist
Leo Margolis (1927–1997), Canadian fisheries parasitologist
Lynn Margulis (born 1938), American microbiologist
Alberto della Marmora (1789–1863), Italian naturalist
Othniel Charles Marsh (1831–1899), paleontology
Barry Marshall (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868), German botanist
Fermín Martín Piera (1954–2001), Spanish botanist
John Martyn (1699–1768), English botanist
Francis Masson (1741–1805?), Scottish botanist
Gregory Mathews (1876–1949), Australian ornithologist
Paul Matschie (1861–1926), German zoologist
William Diller Matthew (1871–1930), American paleontologist
Polly Matzinger, American Immunologist
Carl Maximowicz (1827–1891), Russian botanist
Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (1877–1925), English entomologist
Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), evolutionary biologist
Robert May (born 1936), biologist, physisist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000–2005
Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American biologist
Bruce McConnell (born 1933) American Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics
James V. McConnell (1925–1990), American biological psychologist
Bruce McEwen Neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert
Edmund Meade-Waldo (1855–1934), English ornithologist
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the immune system and phagocytosis, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908
Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764–1845), German entomologist
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants
Edouard Menetries (1802–1861), French entomologist