Wikipedia:
List of biologists
This is a list of notable biologists. It includes zoologists, botanists, ornithologists, malacologists, naturalists and other specialities.
See also:
- List of botanists by author abbreviation
- List of zoologists by author abbreviation.
- List of Nobel Prize winners in physiology or medicine
| Contents | Top · 0–9 · A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
A
- Humayun Abdulali (1914–2001), Indian ornithologist
- Erik Acharius (1757–1819), Swedish botanist
- Pedro Alberch i Vié (1954–1998), Spanish naturalist
- Johann Friedrich Adam (18th cent - 1806), Russian botanist
- Michel Adanson (1727–1806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Adans.)
- Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889–1977), British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
- Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), Swedish botanist
- Carl Adolph Agardh (1785–1859), Swedish botanist
- Jacob Georg Agardh (1813–1901), Swedish botanist
Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), Swiss zoologist- Alexander Agassiz (1835–1910), American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz
- Nikolaus Ager (1568–1634), French botanist
- William Aiton (1731–1793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Aiton)
- Bruce Alberts (born 1938), American biochemist, former President of the National Academy of Sciences
- Boyd Alexander (1873–1910), English ornithologist
- Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English ornithologist
- Richard D. Alexander (born 1930) American evolutionary biologist
- Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist
- Alfred William Alcock (1859–1933), British naturalist
- Salim Ali (1896–1987), Indian ornithologist
- Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1736 – after 1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany : F.Allam.)
- Warder Clyde Allee (1885–1955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee effect
- Joel Asaph Allen (1838–1921), birds, mammals
- George James Allman (1812–1898), British naturalist
- Prospero Alpini (1553–1617), Italian botanist
- Sidney Altman (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on RNA
- Bruce Ames (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test
- José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832–1897), Portuguese naturalist
- Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf (1857–1921), Swedish marine zoologist.
- Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC), Greek philosopher
- Peter Artedi (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist
- Jean Baptiste Audebert (1759–1800), French naturalist.
- Jean Victoire Audouin (1797–1841), French zoologist
- John James Audubon (1786–1851), American ornithologist
- Charlotte Auerbach (1899–1994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of mutagenesis
- Gilbert Ashwell (born 1916), American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor
- Richard Axel (born 1946), Nobel prize winning physiologist
- Julius Axelrod (1912–2004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters
- Joseph Ayers marine neurophysiologist and biomimetic researcher
- Félix de Azara (1746–1811), Spanish naturalist
B
Ba-Bi
- Churchill Babington (1831–1881), British archaeologist and conchologist
- Bailey Deal (1890–1969), Irish microbiologist
- John Bachman (1790–1874), American naturalist
- Curt Backeberg (1894–1966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.)
- Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), embryology
- Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), American botanist (abbr. in botany : L.H.Bailey)
- Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823–1887), birds and mammals
- John Hutton Balfour (1808–1884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Balf.)
- David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel prize
- Joseph Banks (1743–1820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany : Banks)
- Robert Bárány (1876–1936), Austrian physician, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the vestibular system
- Benjamin Smith Barton (1766–1815), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Barton)
- John Bartram (1699–1777), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Bartram)
- William Bartram (1739–1823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : W.Bartram)
- Anton de Bary (1831–1888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist
- Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), English naturalist
- Patrick Bateson (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the Zoological Society of London
- August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (1762–1802), German botanist, mycologist
- Nicolas Baudin (1754–1803), French botanist
- Gaspard Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus(abbr. in botany : C.Bauhin)
- Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Bechst.)
- Rollo Beck (1870–1950), US ornithologist
- Charles Emerson Beecher (1856–1904), US invertebrate paleontologist
- Charles William Beebe (1877–1962), biologist
- Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses
- Thomas Bell (1792–1880) English naturalist
- David Bellamy (born 1933), English botanist
- M. A. Benjaminson (born 1930), American microbiologist and biotechnologist, in vitro meat pioneer
- Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836), English zoologist
- George Bentham (1800–1884), English botanist (abbr; in botany : Benth.)
- Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917–1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
- Robert Bentley (1821–1893), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Bentley)
- Hans Berger (1873–1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography
- Claude Bernard (1813–1878), French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis
- Samuel Stillman Berry (1887–1984), U.S. marine zoologist
- Thomas Bewick (1753–1828), English ornithologist
- Colin Bibby (1948–2004), English ornithologist
- Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848), French zoologist
- Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan (1883–1953), Dutch biologist and ethologist
- Biswamoy Biswas (1923–1994), Indian ornithologist
Bl-Bu
- Liz Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US researcher in the field of telomeres and the 'telomerase' enzyme.
- John Blackwall (1790–1881), British entomologist
- Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850), French zoologist
- Albert Francis Blakeslee (1874–1954), American botanist, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi
- Thomas Blakiston (1832–1891), English naturalist
- William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), English naturalist
- Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), Dutch ichthyologist
- Günter Blobel (born 1936), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell.
- Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules
- Carl Ludwig Blume (1789–1862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Blume)
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), German physiologist and anthropologist
- Edward Blyth (1810–1873), English zoologist
- Pieter Boddaert (1730–1795 or 1796), naturalist
- Cándido Bolívar Pieltain (1897–1976), Spanish naturalist
- Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), French naturalist
- James Bond (1900–1989), American ornithologist
- Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830), Italian ornithologist
- August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786–1839), German botanist
- Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), Swiss naturalist
- Aimé Bonpland (1773–1858), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Bonpl.)
- Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the
1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system - Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903–1970), Russian botanist
- Norman Borlaug (born 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution.
- Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759–1828), French zoologist
- George Albert Boulenger (1858–1937), Belgian zoologist
- Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), French naturalist
- Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802–1879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Brandt)
- Christian Ludwig Brehm (1787–1864), German ornithologist
- Alfred Brehm (1829–1884), German zoologist
- Sydney Brenner (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814–1880), American naturalist
- William Brewster (1851–1919), American ornithologist
- Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723–1806), French zoologist.
- Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859–1934), US Botanist (abbr. in botany : Britton)
- Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (1801–1876), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Brongn.)
- Robert Broom (1866–1951), South African paleontologist
- James H. Brown American ecologist.
- Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist (abbr. in botany : R.Br.)
- David Bruce (1855-1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist
- Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798), French naturalist
- Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist
- Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762–1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist
- Stephen L. Buchmann co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators
- Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist, Nobel prize winner
- Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809–1884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buckley)
- Buffon (1707–1788) French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buffon)
- William Bullock (1773–1849), English naturalist
- Walter Buller (1838–1906), New Zealand naturalist
- James Bulwer (1794–1879), English naturalist and conchologist
- Alexander G. von Bunge (1803–1890), German-Russian zoologist
- Luther Burbank (1849–1926), American horticulturalist
- Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), German zoologist
- Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA
- Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing
C
- Jean Cabanis (1816–1906), German ornithologist
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience.- George Caley (1770–1829), English botanist
- Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665–1721), German botanist
- Frederick Campion Steward (1904–1993), British botanist
- A. P. de Candolle (1778–1841), Swiss botanist
- Alexis Carrel (1873–1944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of eugenics
- Elie-Abel Carrière (1818–1896), French botanist
- Clodoveo Carrión Mora (1883–1957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist
- Sean Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist
- Rachel Carson (1907–1964), biologist, author of Silent Spring
- George Washington Carver (1860–1943), American botanist
- John Cassin (1813–1869), American ornithologist
- Alexandre de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Cass.)
- William E. Castle (1867–1962), American geneticist
- Mark Catesby (1683–1749), English naturalist
- Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), Italian botanist
- Francesco Cetti (1726–1778), Italian zoologist
- Carlos Chagas (1879–1934), Brazilian physician
- Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), German botanist
- Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), biologist
- Frank Michler Chapman (1864–1945), ornithologist
- Martha Chase (1927–2003), American biologist, conducted the Hershey-Chase experiment which linked DNA to heredity
- Sergei Chetverikov (1880–1959), Russian population geneticist
- Charles Chilton (1860–1929), New Zealand zoologist
- Carl Chun (1852–1914), German marine biologist
- Nathan Cobb (1859–1932), American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline of nematology
- Alfred Cogniaux (1841–1916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in bot. : Cogn.)
- Stanley Cohen (born 1922), American biologist who won the Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors.
- Henry Boardman Conover (1892–1950), American ornithologist
- Timothy Abbott Conrad (1803–1877), American malacologist
- James Graham Cooper (1830–1902), American naturalist
- William Cooper (1798–1864), American conchologist
- Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897), fish, reptiles, paleontology
- Charles Coquerel (1822–1867), French navy surgeon and entomologist
Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984), American biochemist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the Cori cycleGerty Cori (1986–1957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husbandCarl for their work on the Cori cycle- Charles B. Cory (1857–1921), American ornithologist
- Elliott Coues (1842–1899), American ornithologist
- Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (1907–2004), South African zoologist
- Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer
- Miguel Rolando Covian (1913–1992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology
- Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar (1786–1845), German zoologist
- Francis Crick (1916–2004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule and a neurobiologist
- Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), English botanist
- Allan Cunningham (1791–1839), English botanist
- William Curtis (1746–1799), English botanist
- Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), French naturalist.
D
- Anders Dahl (1751–1789), (namesake of the Dahlia)
- W.H. Dall (1845–1927), American naturalist and malacologist.
- Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist
- Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles
- Charles Davenport (1866–1944), American biologist and eugenicsist, founded the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Armand David (1826–1900), French zoologist and botanist
- Bernard Davis (1916–1994), American biologist
- Richard Dawkins (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist
- Anton de Bary (1831–1888), German botanist and mycologist
- Pierre Antoine Delalande (1787–1823), French naturalist
- Max Delbrück (1906–1981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the replication mechanism of viruses
- Richard Dell (1920–2002), New Zealand malacologist
- Stefano Delle Chiaje (1794 - 1860), Italian zoologist
- José María de la Fuente Morales (1855–1932), Spanish biologist
- Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888), Belgian botanist
- Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau (1810–1892), French naturalist
- René Louiche Desfontaines (1750–1833), French botanist
- Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1784–1838), French zoologist
- Hugo de Vries (1848–1935), Dutch botanist
- Frans de Waal (born 1948), Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist
- Ernst Dieffenbach (1811–1855), German naturalist
- Olayo Díaz Giménez (1810–1885), Spanish botanist
- Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), German botanist
- Walter Dobrogosz (born 1933), American microbiologist, discoverer of Lactobacillus reuteri
- Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975), American geneticist and evolutionary biologist
- Rembert Dodoens (1517–1585), Flemish botanist
- David Don (1799–1841), British botanist
- James Donn (1758–1813) English botanist
- Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), German marine biologist
- Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857), French naturalist
- Jean Dorst (1924–2001), French ornithologist
- Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), British entomologist
David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist- Jonas C. Dryander (1748–1810), Swedish botanist
- Renato Dulbecco (born 1914), biologist
- Ronald Duman Biological psychiatry
- André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), French zoologist
- Michel Felix Dunal (1789–1856), French botanist
- Robin Dunbar (born 1947), Italian virologist
- Gerald Durrell (1925–1995), British naturalist
E
- Sylvia Earle (born 1935 ), American oceanographer
- John Carew Eccles (1903–1997), Australian neurophsyiologist and winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the
synapse - Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1795–1868), Danish botanist (bot. abbr. Eckl.)
- Gerald Edelman (born 1929) Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience
- George Edwards (1693–1773), British naturalist
- Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), German biologist and microscopist
- Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
- Theodor Eimer (1843–1898), German zoologist
- Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835–1915), American zoologist
- Günther Enderlein (1872–1968), German zoologist and entomologist
- Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (1804–1849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in bot.: Endl.)
- Michael S. Engel (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist
- George Engelmann (1809–1884), German-American botanist
- Adolf Engler (1844–1930), German botanist (bot. abbr. Engl.)
- Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (1744–1777), German naturalist.
- Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831), Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy
- Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826–1897), Austrian botanist
- Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
- Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809–1880), English naturalist
F
- Jean Henri Fabre (1823–1915), French entomologist
- Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808), Danish entomologist
- David Fairchild (1869–1954), American botanist
- Hugh Falconer (1808–1865), Scottish paleontologist
- Leonardo Fea (1852–1903), Italian zoologist
- Christoph Feldegg (1780–1845), Austrian naturalist
- Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell (1917–1994), English zoologist and pre-Columbian contact theorist
- Dimas Fernández Galiano (1921–2002)
- Sérgio Ferreira (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist
- Otto Finsch (1839–1917), German naturalist
- Johann Fischer von Waldheim (1771–1853), German entomologist
- James Fisher (1922–1970), English ornithologist
- Ronald Fisher (1890–1962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics
- Jim Flegg, British ornithologist
- Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), British medical scientist
- Walther Flemming (1843–1905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes
- Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (1878–1950) English entomologist
- Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968), a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin
- E.B. Ford (1901–1988) British ecological geneticist
- Brian J. Ford (born 1939) British biologist and writer
- Peter Forsskål (1732–1763), Swedish naturalist
- Georg Forster (1754–1794), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: G.Forst.)
- Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–1798), German naturalist
- Robert Fortune (1813–1880), Scottish botanist
- Dian Fossey (1932–1985), zoologist
- Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA
- Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy
- Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees
- Imre Frivaldszky (1799–1870), Hungarian botanist
- Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), German botanist
- Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927), American ornithologist
G
- Joseph Gaertner (1732–1791), German botanist
- François Gagnepain (1866–1952), French botanist
- Joseph Paul Gaimard (1796–1858), French
- Biruté Galdikas (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on orangutans
- William Gambel (1823–1849), American naturalist
- Prosper Garnot (1794–1838), French naturalist
- Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (1789–1854), French botanist
- Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on split-brain patients
- Pedro Gregorio de Echandía Jiménez (1746–1817)
- Dirk Cornelis Geijskes (1907–1985), Dutch biologist and ethologist
- Howard Scott Gentry (1903–1993), American botanist
- John Gerard (1545–1611/12), English botanist
- Conrad von Gesner (1516–1565), Swiss naturalist (bot. abbr. : Gesner)
- Luca Ghini (1490–1566), Italian botanist
- John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist
- Charles Henry Gimingham (born 1923), British botanist
- Charles Frédéric Girard (1822–1895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist
- Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.F.Gmel.)
- Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–1755), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.G.Gmel.)
- Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1744–1774), German botanist (bot. abbr. : S.G.Gmel.)
- Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), English naturalist and ornithologist
- Émil Goeldi (1859–1917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf.
- Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology
- Jane Goodall (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best-known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
- George Gordon (1806–1879), British botanist
- Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888), English naturalist
- John Gould (1804–1881), English ornithologist
- Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), US paleontologist
- Alfred Grandidier (1836–1921), French naturalist and explorer
- Temple Grandin (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer
of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with
autism - Chapman Grant (1887–1983), American herpetologist
- Pierre-Paul Grassé (1895–1985), French zoologist
- Asa Gray (1810–1888), US botanist
- George Robert Gray (1808–1872), English zoologist
- J.E. Gray (1800–1875), British zoologist
- Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869), American ornithologist
- Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), British ornithologist
- Jan Frederik Gronovius (1690–1762), Dutch botanist
- Pavel Grošelj (1883–1940), biologist and belletrist
- Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (1799–1874), French entomologist
- Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745–1781), German naturalist
- Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye"
- Johann Ernst Gunnerus (1718–1773), Norwegian botanist
- Albert C. L. G. Günther (1830–1914), British/German zoologist
- Guranda Gvaladze (born 1932), Georgian botanist
H
- Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), German physician
- Hermann August Hagen (1817–1893), German entomologist
- J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964), British geneticist and evolutionary biologist, co-founder of population genetics
- William Donald Hamilton (1936–2000), British biologist
- Thomas Hardwicke (1755–1835), English naturalist
- Alister Clavering Hardy (1896–1985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion
- Richard Harlan (1796–1843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist
- Denham Harman (born 1916), American biogerontologist, "father of the free radical theory of aging", nominated for the Nobel Prize in medicine (1995)
- Ernst Hartert (1859–1933), German ornithologist
- Gustav Hartlaub (1814–1900), German zoologist
- Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812–1871), German botanist
- William Henry Harvey (1811–1866) Irish phycologist.
- Hans Hass (born 1919), Austrian biologist
- Frederik Hasselquist (1722–1752), Swedish naturalist
- François HaverSchmidt (1906–1987) Dutch orthinologist
- Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (1824–1878), English ornithologist
- Oskar Heinroth (1871–1945), German biologist, founder of ethology
- Wilhelm Hemprich (1796–1825), German naturalist
- Willi Hennig (1913–1976) German biologist, founder of cladistics
- John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861), English botanist
- Alfred Hershey (1908–1997), American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of viruses
- Archibald Vivian Hill (1886–1977), British physiologist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of mechanical work in muscles
- Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800–1894), English naturalist
- Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), German fisheries scientist
- Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg (1766–1849) German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist
- Franciscus Holkema (1840–1869), Dutch botanist
- Jacques Bernard Hombron (1798–1852), French naturalist
- Leroy Hood (born 1939), M.D., Ph.D. American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer.
- Robert Hooke (1635–1703), British scholar
- Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), British botanist
- William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), British botanist
Bernardo Houssay (1887–1971), Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals.- Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798), Dutch naturalist
- Thomas Horsfield (1773–1859), American naturalist
- Albert Howard (1873–1947), British botanist
- Eliot Howard (1873–1940), English ornithologist
- Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology.
- David H. Hubel (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the visual system
- François Huber (1750–1831), Swiss naturalist
- Ambrosius Hubrecht (1853–1915), Dutch zoologist
- William Henry Hudson (1841–1922), Argentinian-British ornithologist
- Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist
- Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), British ornithologist
- Rob Hume, British ornithologist
- George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903–1991), American ecologist and limnologist
- Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1835–1905), New Zealand biologist and geologist
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), British scientist and early advocate of natural selection
- Alpheus Hyatt (1838–1902), US neo-Lamarckian
- Libbie Hyman (1888–1969), zoologist
- Josef Hyrtl (1810–1894), Austrian anatomist
I
- Hermann von Ihering (1850–1930), German naturalist
- Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1775–1813), German entomologist
- Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799), Dutch-born British botanist.
- Tom Iredale (1880–1972), English conchologist and ornithologist
- Paul Erdmann Isert (1756–1789), German botanist
J
- François Jacob (born 1920), French Biologist, Nobel Prize
- Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), Austrian botanist
- William Jardine (1800–1874), Scottish naturalist
- Feliks Pawel Jarocki (1790–1865), Polish zoologist
- Daniel H. Janzen (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist
- Thomas C. Jerdon (1811–1872), British zoologist and botanist
- Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), (coined the term gene)
- David Starr Jordan (1851–1931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford
- Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797–1853), French botanist
- Antoine de Jussieu (1686–1758), French naturalist
- Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748–1836), botanist, biologist (botanical abbr.: Juss.)
- Bernard de Jussieu (1699–1777), French naturalist
- Ernest Everett Just (1883–1941), American biologist
K
- Zbigniew Kabata (born 1924), Polish parasitologist
- Pehr Kalm (1716–1779), Swedish botanist
- Motoderu Kamo cultivated kimjongilia
- Eric R. Kandel (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the neural correlates of memory
- Nicole C. Karafyllis, German biologist
- Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817–1908), German botanist
- Stuart Kauffman (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms
- Johann Jakob Kaup (1803–1873), German naturalist
- Janet Kear (1933–2004), English ornithologist
- Gerald A. Kerkut (1927–2004), British zoologist and physiologist
- Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831–1898), Austrian botanist
- Arthur Francis George Kerr (1877–1942), Irish medical doctor, first systematic collector of plants of Siam
- Robert Kerr (1755–1813), published The Animal Kingdom in 1792
- Warwick Estevam Kerr (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil
- Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics
- William King Gregory (1876–1970), US zoologist
- Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882–1957), Scottish zoologist
- William Kirby (1759–1850), English entomologist
- Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799–1874), German naturalist
- Karl Koch (1809–1879), German botanist
- Robert Koch (1843–1910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist
- Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917), German physician, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
- Fritz Köberle (1910–1983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of Chagas disease
- Alexander Koenig (1858–1940), German naturalist
- Albert von Kolliker (1817–1905), Swiss physiologist
- Charles Konig (1774–1851), German naturalist
- Arthur Kornberg (born 1918), discovered DNA polymerase
- Adriaan Kortlandt, (born 1918), Dutch ethologist
- Albrecht Kossel (1853–1927), German physician and winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cell biology
- Hans Adolf Krebs (1900–1981), German biochemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration
- Gerard Krefft (1830–1881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist
- Moacyr Krieger (born 1930), Brazilian physician and physiologist
- Kewal Krishan (born 1973), Biological Anthropologist, specialized in Forensic Anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Schack August Steenberg Krogh (1874–1949), Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle
- Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821), German zoologist
L
- Henri Laborit (1914–1995), French surgeon and physiologist
- Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist
- David Lack (1910–1973), British ornithologist
- Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1783–1861), French ornithologist
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like biology and fossils
- Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761–1842), British botanist
- Hugh Lamprey (1928–1996), British ecologist
- Joseph Lanjouw (1902–1984), Dutch botanist
- Kai Larsen (born 1926) Danish botanist
- John Latham (1740–1837), English naturalist
- Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833), French entomologist
- Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922), French physician, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a protozoa
- George Newbold Lawrence (1806–1855), American ornithologist
- William Elford Leach (1790–1836) English zoologist and marine biologist
- Colin Leakey (born 1933), British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science
- Joseph Le Conte (1823–1901), physiologist
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope
- François Leguat (1637?–1735), French naturalist
- Joseph Leidy (1823–1891), US paleontologist
- Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler (1771–1813), Dutch naturalist
- Juan Lembeye (1816–1889), Spanish naturalist
- Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them.
- Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (1773–1826), French botanist
- Rene Primevere Lesson (1794–1849), French naturalist
- Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778–1846), French naturalist
- François Le Vaillant (1753–1824), French ornithologist
- Richard Lewontin (born 1929), biologist
- Wen-Hsiung Li, molecular evolutionary biologist
- Emmanuel Liais (1826–1900), French botanist
- Martin Lichtenstein (1780–1867), German zoologist
- Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989), Hungarian biologist
- John Lindley (1799–1865) English botanist
- Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1850), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Link)
- Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778), Swedish botanist; father of the binomial name (abbr L. or Linn.)
- Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), German-American biologist
- Friedrich Loeffler (1852–1915), German biologist
- Konrad Lorenz (1903–1989), Austrian founder of ethology
- Harri Lorenzi (born 1949), Brazilian botanist
- John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843), English botanist
- James Lovelock (born 1919), English chemist and father of the gaia hypothesis
- Anatole Stephan Loukashkin (1902–1988), biologist
- Percy Lowe (1870–1948), English ornithologist
- Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801–1880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist
Salvador Luria (1912–1991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner- Adolfo Lutz (1855–1940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher
- André Lwoff (1902–1994), French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Richard Lydekker (1849–1915), English naturalist
- Trofim Lysenko (1898–1976), Soviet biologist and agronomist. In 1948 he officially denounced genetics. See Lysenkoism.
M
Ma-Mi
- Jules François Mabille (1831–1904), French malacologist
- John Macadam (1827–1865), Scottish-born Australian botanist
- John M. MacDougal (born 1954), American botanist
- William MacGillivray (1796–1852), Scottish naturalist
- Gerrit François Makkink (1907–2006), Dutch ethologist, hydrologist and agriculturist
- Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), Italian anatomist and biologist
- Sendurai Mani , Cancer Biologist from USA
- Ramon Margalef (1919–2004), Spanish-catalan biologist and ecologist
- Leo Margolis (1927–1997), Canadian fisheries parasitologist
- Lynn Margulis (born 1938), American microbiologist
- Alberto della Marmora (1789–1863), Italian naturalist
- Othniel Charles Marsh (1831–1899), paleontology
- Barry Marshall (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
- Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868), German botanist
- Fermín Martín Piera (1954–2001), Spanish botanist
- John Martyn (1699–1768), English botanist
- Francis Masson (1741–1805?), Scottish botanist
- Gregory Mathews (1876–1949), Australian ornithologist
- Paul Matschie (1861–1926), German zoologist
- William Diller Matthew (1871–1930), American paleontologist
- Polly Matzinger, American Immunologist
- Carl Maximowicz (1827–1891), Russian botanist
- Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (1877–1925), English entomologist
- Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), evolutionary biologist
- Robert May (born 1936), biologist, physisist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000–2005
- Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American biologist
- Bruce McConnell (born 1933) American Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- James V. McConnell (1925–1990), American biological psychologist
- Bruce McEwen Neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert
- Edmund Meade-Waldo (1855–1934), English ornithologist
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the immune system and phagocytosis, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908
- Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764–1845), German entomologist
- Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants
- Edouard Menetries (1802–1861), French entomologist