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List of designated terrorist organizations

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Terrorism
General
Definitions
History
International conventions
Anti-terrorism legislation
Counter-terrorism
War on Terror
Red Terror
White Terror
Lists
Organizations
Incidents
By ideology
Communist
Eco-terrorism
Narcoterrorism
Nationalist
Political
Racist
Religious
– Christian
– Islamist
– Jewish
Relation to states
State terrorism
State sponsorship
Tactics
Agro-terrorism
Bioterrorism
Car bombing
Environmental terrorism
Aircraft hijacking
Nuclear terrorism
Propaganda of the deed
Proxy bomb
Suicide attack
Configurations
Fronts
Lone wolf

Many organizations that are accused of being a terrorist organization deny using terrorism as a military tactic to achieve their goals, and there is no international consensus on the bureaucratic definition of terrorism. Therefore, this list is of organizations that are, or have been in the past, designated as "terrorist organizations" by other notable organizations, including the United Nations and national governments, where the proscription has a significant impact on the group's activities.[1]

This listing does not include states or governmental organizations, which are considered under state terrorism, or unaffiliated individuals accused of terrorism, which are considered under lone wolf terrorism.

Religious terrorists

Religious terrorism is a form of religious violence. As with other forms of terrorism, there is no real consensus as to its definition. Groups are frequently classified as practitioners of religious terrorism for any one of the following reasons:

  • The group itself is defined by religion rather than by other factors (such as ideology or ethnicity).
  • Religion plays some part in defining or determining the objectives or methods of the group.
  • The ultimate objective of the group is religiously defined.

Controversy concerning classification is often found because:

  • Religion and ethnicity frequently coincide. Ethnic conflict may thus appear as religious, or religious conflict may appear as ethnic.
  • Religious groups, like other groups, frequently pursue political goals. In such cases it is often not clear which is uppermost, the political goal or the religious motivation.

Groups which have used principal religious motives for their terrorist acts and were deemed as such by supranational organizations and governments are listed here in alphabetical order by religion.

Christian

Islamist

Islamist fronts

Jewish

Sikh

All of these groups demand a Khalistan (Land of the Pure) in the Indian state of Punjab and adjoining areas for Sikhs. Most have a variable amount of support from Sikhs abroad and have been in existence since the 1980s. Many have been weakened and have cut down on activities, yet they continue. The militancy in Punjab has claimed approximately 100,000 lives, according to estimates put forward by Amnesty International: this figure involves killings by both Sikh militants and the Indian forces. With the exception of the first two, the other groups have only been proscribed in India.

Other religious terrorists

Nationalistic terrorist organizations

Irish Nationalists (Ireland)

Ulster Loyalists (Ireland)

Indonesia

  • Barisan Merah Putih; ultra nationalist group first recruited by KOPASSUS
  • Laskar Jihad; Islamic ultra nationist group[2]

Israeli/West Bank/ Gaza

Jewish (Historical)

Main article: Zionist political violence
  • Irgun (1931-1948) - regarded as a terrorist group by the British authorities and mainstream Zionist organizations (ceasefire 1940 to 1943).
  • Lehi (1940-1948) - regarded as a terrorist group by the British, by Zionist organisations and the UN mediator. [6]

Arab


Main article: Palestinian political violence
Main article: :Category:Palestinian militant groups

Tamil Nationalist

  • Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE, aka Tamil Tigers)- Sri Lanka. One of the largest groups with an estimated 11,000[7] Tamil cadres who fight for separation from Sri Lanka. The group has carried out 240+ suicide bombings since the early 80s in the process which they describe as their freedom struggle. Members of the group were convicted for the suicide bomber assassinations of Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1988-1993) and former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi [8]. UNHCR has reported that this organisation recruits children by force.[9][2]

Other nationalist terrorists

ETA
Enlarge
ETA

Anarchist

Leftist, Communist, Leninist, Trotskyst, Maoist and Marxist

Anti-fascist

Ethnic terrorists (including neo-Nazis and white-supremacists)

Anti-Communists

Cuban exile groups

Further information: Opposition to Fidel Castro

All groups recognised by the International terrorism report from the United States Central Intelligence Agency.[19] The principle aim of these groups is to forge political change in Cuba.

  • Abdala
  • Alpha 66
  • Anti-Castro Commando
  • Anti-Communist Commandos
  • Brigade 2506
  • Condor
  • Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU - includes Orlando Bosch and Luis Posada Carriles)
  • Cuba Action
  • Cuba Action Commandos
  • Cuban Anti-Communist League
  • Cuban C-4
  • Movement Cuban Liberation Front
  • Cuban National Liberation Front (FLNC)
  • Cuban Power (el Poder Cubano)
  • Cuban Power
  • Cuban Representation in Exile
  • Cuban Revolutionary Directorate
  • Cuban Revolutionary Organization
  • Cuban Youth Group International
  • Secret Revolutionary United Cells
  • JCN (expansion unknown)
  • Latin American Anti-Communist Army
  • Movement of Cuban Justice Movement of the Seventh (M-7)
  • National Integration Front (FIN; Cuban Nationalist Front)
  • Omega 7
  • Pedro Luis Boitel
  • Command Pedro Ruiz Botero
  • Commandos Pragmatistas
  • Scorpion (el Alacran)
  • Second Front of Escambray
  • Secret Anti-Castro Cuban Army
  • Secret Cuban Government
  • Secret Hand Organization
  • Secret Organization Zero
  • Young Cubans
  • Youths of the Star

Issue-specific

Animal rights/environment

Abortion

  • Army of God -- anti-abortion, operates in the United States. Property damage and loss of life in attacks on abortion clinics.[2]

Others

Africa

Caribbean

France

Portugal

Norway

  • Black Metal Inner Circle (disputable), a group comprised of seminal Norwegian black metal musicians widely believed to have existed in the early 1990s. Some of these members burnt more than forty churches throughout Norway on the basis of violently expelling Christianity and supplanting it with alternative ideologies such as satanism and neo-paganism - which were endorsed and supported by Euronymous, the alleged leader of the group - hence some have perceived this group a relatively minor terrorist group.

Spain

  • ETA Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, main terrorist organization in Spain responsible of the numerous bombings, seeking an independent Basque Country. See also Kale borroka.[2]
  • GRAPO Grupo Antifacista Primero de Octubre[citation needed], terrorist organization of extreme left
  • FAG Fuerzas Armadas Guanches[citation needed], terrorist organization of the Islas Canarias part of MPAIAC in the 1970s.
  • Terra Lliure terrorist group of Catalonia in the 1980s and 1990s.[2]
  • Exército Guerrilheiro do Povo Galego Ceive[citation needed] separatist group in Galicia from 1986 to 1993.

United Kingdom

  • Animal Rights Militia, a terrorist organization responsible for numerous letter bombs in Great Britain during the 1980s.
  • Scottish National Liberation Army, a Scottish terrorist organization fighting for the cause of Scottish independence.
  • An Gof, a Cornish terrorist organization fighting for the cause of Cornish independence.

United States

  • Afro-American Liberation Army (AALA), a terrorist organization active in Los Angeles during the 1970s.
  • Aliens of America, a terrorist organization active in Los Angeles during the 1970s.
  • American Indian Movement (AIM), originally founded as a civil rights organization, the AIM was involved in the 1972 occupations of the Mayflower II, Mount Rushmore and the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C. as well as the 1973 standoff at Wounded Knee during which members were involved in gun battles with federal agents. The U.S. Government held that the American Indian Movement was an "extremist" organization, because of "illegal bombing, bomb-making, or other terrorist activity."[citation needed] AIM members are alleged to have bombed the visitor's center at Mount Rushmore on June 27, 1975, and to have planted additional bombs at power plants around the Pine Ridge reservation that same year.[20][citation needed]
  • Americans for Justice, a terrorist organization active on the west coast during the 1970s.
  • Bay Bombers, a radical terrorist organization active in San Francisco, California during the 1960s.
  • Black Afro Militant Movement (BAMM), a militant terrorist organization
  • Black Liberation Army (BLA), an offshoot faction of the Black Panther Party reportedly involved in murders of police officers in San Francisco and New York between 1971 and 1973. [2]
  • Extremist Black Muslims, a separatist involved in numerous shootouts with police and other violent activities including the "Zebra Killings" in which fourteen people were murdered in the San Francisco-area. [citation needed]
  • Black Nation of Islam (BNI), a terrorist organization active during the 1970s and 80s.
  • Black Revolutionary, a terrorist organization active in New York during the 1970s.[2]
  • Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), a terrorist organization responsible for the 1973 murder of Oakland school superintendent Marcus Foster and, most notably, the 1974 kidnapping of Patricia Hearst.
  • Weather Underground (WU), radical terrorist organization responsible for nineteen bombings between 1969 and 1974, including the U.S. Capitol Building in 1971 and The Pentagon in 1974.

See also

References

  1. ^ European Union. Common Position 2005/847/CFSP (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.


    • United States Department of State.
    "wpext">Terrorist Exclusion List. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    • United States Department of State.
    "wpext">Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    • United Kingdom Home Office.
    "http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups" class='external text' target= "wpext">Proscribed terrorist groups. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    • Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada.
    target="wpext">Entities list. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    • Australian Government.
    "http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/95FB057CA3DECF30CA256FAB001F7FBD?OpenDocument" class= 'external text' target="wpext">Listing of Terrorist Organisations. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    • Arab Times (Kuwait).
    'external text' target="wpext">Terror’ list out; Russia tags two Kuwaiti groups. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao</