List of dialects of the English language

This is a list of varieties of the English language. Dialects are varieties differing in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard English (which may itself be considered a dialect). British linguists distinguish dialect from accent, which refers only to pronunciation. Thus, any educated English person can use the vocabulary and grammar of Standard English, but different speakers are said to speak it using their own regional accent, or, in the case of Britain, with the class-based accent known as Received Pronunciation. American linguists, however, include pronunciation differences as part of the definition of regional or social dialects (better called varieties).

International classifications

Europe

European English
British English (BrE)
- England (English English (EngEng))
  - Northern English
    - Geordie (spoken in Tyneside)
    - Mackem (spoken in Sunderland)
    - Pitmatic (spoken in the Northumberland coalfield)
    - Durham
    - Cumbrian
    - Tyke (Yorkshire). Often subdivided into North, West and East Ridings.
    - Lancashire. The accent of Manchester is known as Mancunian
    - Scouse (spoken in Liverpool and Merseyside)
  - East Midlands English
  - Corby English (influenced by Glaswegian)
  - West Midlands English
    - Black Country (Yam Yam)
    - Brummie (spoken in Birmingham)
    - Potteries (North Staffordshire)
    - Herefordshire
    - Warwickshire
    - Worcestershire
  - East Anglian English
    - Norfolk dialect (Broad Norfolk)
    - Suffolk dialect
  - South East England
    - Estuary English
    - Cockney (London)
    - Jafaican
  - West Country dialects
    - Bristol
    - Somerset
    - Devon
    - Cornwall
    - Wiltshire
    - Dorset
- Scotland
- Wales
  - Welsh English
  - North East English a toned down Scouse/Manchester accent due to English population
  - Pembrokeshire dialect
Ireland
- Republic of Ireland
  - Hiberno-English
  - Yola dialect
- Northern Ireland
  - Mid Ulster English
  - Ulster Scots English
Isle of Man
- Manx English
Channel Islands
- Guernsey English
- Jersey English
Gibraltar
- Llanito

North America

American English (AmE)
- Cultural
  - African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)
  - Appalachian English
  - General American
  - Chicano English
  - Native American English (Amerindian English) (see also subtypes below)
  - Pennsylvania Dutchified English
  - Yinglish
- Regional
  - Northeastern dialects
    - Baltimorese
    - Boston English
    - Northeast Pennsylvania English (Scranton, Pennsylvania-area)
    - Hudson Valley English (Albany, New York-area)
    - Maine-New Hampshire English
    - Philadelphia-area English
    - Pittsburgh English
    - Providence-area English
    - New York-New Jersey English
    - Nuyorican English
    - Vermont English
  - Mid-Atlantic dialects
    - Tidewater accent
    - Virginia Piedmont
    - Virginia Tidewater [1]
  - Midwest
    - Inland North American (Lower peninsula of Michigan, northern Ohio and Indiana, Chicago, part of eastern Wisconsin and upstate New York)
    - North Central American English (includes Minnesota, North Dakota and some of South Dakota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Iowa)
      - Yooper dialect (the variety of North Central American English spoken in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and in some neighboring areas)
    - North Midlands English (thin swath from Nebraska to Ohio)
    - St. Louis-area English
    - Wisconsin-Illinois dialect
  - Southern English
    - Appalachian English
    - Coastal Southeastern (Charleston, South Carolina, Savannah, Georgia area)
    - Cajun English
    - Harkers Island English (North Carolina)
    - Ozark Southern English
    - Southern Highland English
    - South Midlands English (thin swath from Oklahoma to Pennsylvania)
    - Tampanian English
    - Texan
    - Yat (New Orleans)
  - Western English
    - California English
    - Boontling
    - Hawaiian English (Hawaiian Pidgin)
    - Utah English
    - Pacific Northwest English
Bermudian English
Canada
- Canadian English (CaE)
  - Native American English (Amerindian English)
  - Quebec
    - Quebec English
  - Maritimes
  - West/Central Canadian English
  - Newfoundland English
Native American English (Amerindian English)
- Mojave English
- Isletan English
- Tsimshian English
- Lumbee English
- Tohono O'odham English
- Inupiaq English

Caribbean

Caribbean English
- Anguillan English
- Jamaican English
- Trinidadian English

Asia

Burmese English
Hong Kong English
Indian English
- Punjabi/Delhi English
- U.P/Bihari English
- Bengali/Assamese English
- Gujarati English
- [[Regional differences and dialects in Indian Engli

aharashtrian English|Maharashtrian English]]

Africa

Oceania

Australian English (AuE)
- Cultural
  - Australian Aboriginal English
  - Lebanese Australian English
  - Torres Strait English
- Regional
  - South Australian English
  - Western Australian English
Fijian English
New Zealand English

Constructed

Manual encodings of English

Main article: Manually Coded English

These encoding systems should not be confused with sign languages such as British Sign Language and American Sign Language.

The "Lishes"

The following are portmanteaus devised to describe certain local variants of English. Although similarly named, they are actually quite different in nature, with some being genuine mixed languages, some being instances of heavy code-switching between English and another language, some being genuine local dialects of English used by first-language English speakers, and some being non-native pronunciations of English. A few portmanteaus (such as Greeklish and Pinglish) are transliteration methods rather than any kind of spoken variant of English.

Benglish (Bengali English)
Chinglish (Chinese English)
Czenglish (Czech English)
Danglish (Danish English)
Dunglish (Dutch English)
Engrish (Japanese English)
Finglish (Finnish English)
Franglais (French English)
Denglisch/Genglish/Ginglish/Germish/Pseudo-Anglicism (German English)
Hebrish (Hebrew English)
Hinglish (Hindi English)
Hunglish (Hungarian English)
Italish (Italian English)
Japlish (Japanese English)
Konglish (South Korean English)
Manglish/Malaysian Colloquial English (Malaysian English)
Poglish (Polish English)
Rominglish/Romglish (Romanian English)
Runglish (Russian English)
Serblish (Serbian English)
Singlish (Singaporean English)
Spanglish (Spanish English)
Swenglish (Swedish English)
Taglish (Tagalog English)
Tanglish (Tamil English)
Tinglish/Thailish (Thai English)
Vinish (Vietnamese English)
Wenglish (Welsh English)
Yeshivish (Yeshiva English)
Yinglish (Yiddish English)

References

External links

Sounds Familiar? — Listen

to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website

[http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/collections/dialects/ English

Accents and Dialects]— a browsable collection of recordings by the British Library.

[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/NationalMap/NationalMap.html

American Dialects]

[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/wil/ BBC sound archive of accents in the

British Isles]

[http://www.ku.edu/~idea/northamerica/northamerica.htm International

Dialects of English Archive]

Runglish
[http://students.csci.unt.edu/~kun Regional Accents for the

Non-Expert]

[http://accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php/|English Speech Accent

Archive]

[http://www.freewebs.com/englishdialects |Dialect Poetry from the

English regions]

Dialects of English
Europe	British · England · Received Pronunciation · Estuary · Cockney (East London) · East Anglian · East Midlands · West Midlands · West Country · Northern · Mancunian (Manchester · Scouse (Liverpool) · Mackem (Sunderland) · Geordie (Tyneside) · Scottish (Glaswegian · Highland) · Welsh · Manx · Mid Ulster · Hiberno-English (Ireland) · Guernsey English. Czenglish · Danglish · Denglisch · Dunglish · Finglish · Franglais · Greeklish · Llanito · Norwenglish · Poglish · Runglish · Serblish · Swenglish
North America	American · African American Vernacular · Appalachian · Baltimorese · Boston · Buffalonian · California · Chicano · Cajun · Maine · Maine-New Hampshire · New Jersey · New York City · North Central American · Northeast Pennsylvania · Inland Northern American · Pacific Northwest · Pennsylvania Dutch English · Philadelphia · Pittsburgh · Southern American · Tidewater · Utah · Yat · Yooper · Canadian · Maritimer · Newfoundland · Quebec · West/Central Canadian Spanglish · Franglais
West Indies	Bermudian · Bahamian · Caribbean · Jamaican
Oceania	Australian · Australian Aboriginal · Torres Strait · New Zealand
Asia	Burmese · Singaporean · Hong Kong · Indian · Malaysian · Philippine · Sri Lankan Chinglish · Engrish · Hinglish · Japlish · Konglish · Runglish · Taglish · Tanglish · Tinglish · Vinish
Africa	Liberian · Malawian · South African
Miscellaneous	Basic · International · Mid-Atlantic · Plain · Simplified · Special · Standard · British/American differences · E Prime

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