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This is a list of dialects of the English language. Dialects are linguistic varieties which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard English (which is itself a dialect).
British linguists distinguish dialect from accent[disambiguation needed], which refers only to pronunciation. Thus, any educated English speaker can use the vocabulary and grammar of Standard English, but different speakers use their own local words for everyday objects or actions, regional accent, or Received Pronunciation, which within the U.K. is considered an accent distinguished by class rather than by region. American linguists, however, include pronunciation differences as part of the definition of regional or social dialects. The combination of differences in pronunciation and use of local words may make some English dialects almost unintelligible from one region to another.
Contents |
By continent
Europe
Great Britain (British English)
- Black British English
- England (English language in England)
- Northern
- Cheshire
- Cumbrian (Cumbria excluding Barrow-in-Furness)
- Geordie (Newcastle upon Tyne)
- Lancastrian (Lancashire)
- Scouse (Merseyside)
- Mancunian (Manchester)
- Mackem (Sunderland)
- Northumbrian (rural Northumberland)
- Pitmatic (Durham and Northumberland)
- Yorkshire (also known as Tyke)
- In the far north, local speech is noticeably Scots in nature.
- East Midlands
- West Midlands
- Southern
- West Country
- Northern
- Scotland
- Wales
North America
- American English (AmE, AmEng, USEng)
- Cultural
- Regional
- Northeastern dialects
- Inland Northern American English (includes western and central upstate New York)
- Wawarsing English
- Northeast Pennsylvania English (Scranton, Pennsylvania-area)
- Mid-Atlantic dialects
- Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area Accent (D.C. Slang)
- Baltimorese
- Tidewater accent
- Virginia Piedmont
- Virginia Tidewater [1]
- Inland North American (Lower peninsula of Michigan, northern Ohio and Indiana, the suburbs of Chicago, part of eastern Wisconsin and upstate New York)
- The Chicago accent
- Buffalo English
- North Central American English (primarily Minnesota, but also most of Wisconsin, the Upper peninsula of Michigan, and parts of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Iowa)
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- Yooper dialect (the variety of North Central American English spoken in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and in some neighboring areas)
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- Midland American English
- North Midlands English (thin swath from Nebraska to Ohio)
- St. Louis dialect
- South Midland (thin swath from Oklahoma to Pennsylvania)
- Appalachian English
- Southern English
- Coastal Southeastern (Charleston, South Carolina, Savannah, Georgia area)
- Cajun English
- Harkers Island English (North Carolina)
- Ozark English
- Piedmont Dialect
- Southern Highland English
- Florida Cracker Dialect
- Gullah or Geechee
- Tampanian English
- Texan
- Yat (New Orleans)
- Western English
- California English
- Utah English
- Idaho English
- Boontling
- Hawaiian English
- Pacific Northwest English
- Canadian English (CanE, CanEng)
- Bermudian English
- Native American Englishes (Amerindian Englishes)
- Mojave English
- Isletan English
- Tsimshian English
- Lumbee English
- Tohono O'odham English
- Inupiaq English
Caribbean
- Caribbean English
- Anguillan English
- Bahamian English
- Jamaican English
- Trinidadian English
Central and South America
Asia
- Burmese English
- Hong Kong English
- Pakistani English
- Indian English
- Malaysian English (MyE)
- Philippine English (PhE)
- Singapore English
- Sri Lankan English (SLE)
Africa
- Cameroon English
- Liberian English
- Nigerian English
- Malawian English
- South African English
- East African English
Oceania
- Australian English (AusE, AusEng)
- Fijian English
- New Zealand English (NZE, NZEng)
- Pitkern
Constructed
Manual encodings
These encoding systems should not be confused with sign languages such as British Sign Language and American Sign Language.
"Lishes"
The following are portmanteaus devised to describe certain local variants of English. Although similarly named, they are actually quite different in nature, with some being genuine mixed languages, some being instances of heavy code-switching between English and another language, some being genuine local dialects of English used by first-language English speakers, and some being non-native pronunciations of English. A few portmanteaus (such as Greeklish and Pinglish) are transliteration methods rather than any kind of spoken variant of English.
- Anglish ('purified' English)
- Benglish (Bengali English)
- Chinglish (Chinese English)
- Czenglish (Czech English)
- Danglish (Danish English)
- Dunglish (Dutch English)
- Engrish (Japanese English)
- Finglish (Finnish English)
- Franglais (French English)
- Denglisch/Germlish/Genglish/Ginglish/Germish/Pseudo-Anglicism (German English)
- Hebrish (Hebrew English) - also sometimes used to refer to English written with Hebrew characters
- Italgish (Italian English)
- Japlish (Japanese English)
- Konglish (South Korean English)
- Poglish (Polish English)
- Porglish (Portuguese English)
- Punglish (Punjabi English)
- Rominglish/Romglish (Romanian English)
- Runglish (Russian English)
- Serblish (Serbian English)
- Singlish (Singapore English, multiple varieties)
- Spanglish (Spanish English)
- Swanglish/Kiswanglish (Swahili English)
- Swenglish (Swedish English)
- Taglish (Tagalog English)
- Tinglish/Thailish (Thai English)
- Vinish (Vietnamese English)
- Wenglish (Welsh English)
- Yeshivish (Yeshiva English)
See also
- Survey of English Dialects
- Regional accents of English speakers
- History of the English language
- Anglish
- Macaronic language
- European English
- English-based creole languages
References
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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2006) |
External links
- Sounds Familiar? Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
- English Accents and Dialects A browsable collection of recordings by the British Library.
- Accents of English from Around the World Hear and compare how the same 110 words are pronounced in 50 English accents from around the world - instantaneous playback online
- American Dialects
- BBC sound archive of accents in the British Isles
- whoohoo.co.uk British Dialect Translator Translate text into regional dialects from the British Isles
- International Dialects of English Archive
- Runglish
- Regional Accents for the Non-Expert
- Speech Accent Archive
- Dialect Poetry from the English regions
- American Languages: Our Nation's Many Voices: An online audio resource presenting interviews with speakers of German-American and American English dialects from across the United States.
- thedialectdictionary.com - Compilation of Dialects from around the globe
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