Research stations of Antarctica

Nations with bases in Antarctica as of October 2006

A number of governments maintain permanent research stations throughout Antarctica. Many of the stations are staffed around the year. A total of 30 countries (as of October 2006), all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, operate seasonal (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and in its surrounding oceans. The population of persons doing and supporting science on the continent and its nearby islands varies from approximately 4,000 persons during the summer season to 1,000 persons during winter.^{[citation needed]} In addition to these permanent stations, approximately 30 field camps are established each austral summer to support specific projects.^[1]

Stations

Base	Open	Country	Established	Activities	Situation	Base Number	Coordinates	Time zone
Aboa	Summer	Finland	1988	Finnish Antarctic Research Program	Queen Maud Land	1	73°03′S 13°25′W / 73.05°S 13.417°W / -73.05; -13.417
Vernadsky Research Base	Permanent	Ukraine	1994		Galindez Island	2	65°14′S 64°15′W / 65.233°S 64.25°W / -65.233; -64.25	UTC-3
Almirante Brown Antarctic Base	Summer	Argentina	1951	Argentine Antarctica	Antarctic Peninsula	3	64°53′S 62°53′W / 64.883°S 62.883°W / -64.883; -62.883	UTC-3
Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station	Permanent	United States	1957	United States Antarctic Program	Geographical South Pole	4	90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0	UTC+12*
Artigas Base	Permanent	Uruguay	1984	Uruguayan Antarctic Institute	King George Island	5	62°10.5′S 58°51.7′W / 62.175°S 58.8617°W / -62.175; -58.8617	UTC-3
Asuka Station	unmanned observation	Japan	1985	National Institute of Polar Research	Queen Maud Land	6	71°31′34″S 24°08′17″E / 71.52611°S 24.13806°E / -71.52611; 24.13806
Belgrano II	Permanent	Argentina	1979	Laboratory and meteorological station	Coats Land	7	77°52′S 34°37′W / 77.867°S 34.617°W / -77.867; -34.617	UTC-3
Bellingshausen Station	Permanent	Russia	1968		King George Island	8	62°11′47″S 58°57′39″W / 62.19639°S 58.96083°W / -62.19639; -58.96083
Bernardo O'Higgins Station	Permanent	Chile	1948	Chilean Army	Antarctic Peninsula	9	63°19′S 57°54′W / 63.317°S 57.9°W / -63.317; -57.9	UTC-4*
Byrd Station	Summer	United States	1957	United States Antarctic Program	Marie Byrd Land	10	80°01′S 119°32′W / 80.017°S 119.533°W / -80.017; -119.533
Captain Arturo Prat Base	Permanent	Chile	1947	Chilean Navy	Greenwich Island	11	62°30′S 59°41′W / 62.5°S 59.683°W / -62.5; -59.683	UTC-4*
Casey Station	Permanent	Australia	1959	Australian Antarctic Division	Vincennes Bay	12	66°17′S 110°32′E / 66.283°S 110.533°E / -66.283; 110.533	UTC+8
Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base	Permanent	Brazil	1984		King George Island	13	62°05.1′S 58°24.2′W / 62.085°S 58.4033°W / -62.085; -58.4033
Concordia Station	Permanent	France Italy	2005		Dome C, Antarctic Plateau	14	75°06′S 123°20′E / 75.1°S 123.333°E / -75.1; 123.333
Dakshin Gangotri Station	Replaced by Maitri Station	India	1984~1991	Indian Antarctic Program	Queen Maud Land	15	70°45′S 11°46′E / 70.75°S 11.767°E / -70.75; 11.767
Davis Station	Permanent	Australia	1957	Australian Antarctic Division	Princess Elizabeth Land	16	68°35′S 77°58′E / 68.583°S 77.967°E / -68.583; 77.967	UTC+7
Dome Fuji Station	Permanent	Japan	1995	National Institute of Polar Research	Queen Maud Land	17	77°19′01″S 39°42′12″E / 77.31694°S 39.70333°E / -77.31694; 39.70333
Dumont d'Urville Station	Permanent	France	1956		Adélie Land	18	66°40′S 140°00′E / 66.667°S 140°E / -66.667; 140	UTC+10
Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva and Villa Las Estrellas	Permanent	Chile	1969	Chilean Air Force	King George Island	19	62°11.7′S 58°58.7′W / 62.195°S 58.9783°W / -62.195; -58.9783	UTC-4*
Esperanza Base	Permanent	Argentina	1975	Laboratory and meteorological station, radio, a school, and tourist facilities.	Hope Bay	20	63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.4°S 57°W / -63.4; -57	UTC-3
Gabriel de Castilla Spanish Antarctic Station	Summer	Spain	1989	Marine biology [1]	Deception Island	21	62°58′S 60°41′W / 62.967°S 60.683°W / -62.967; -60.683
Georg von Neumayer Station	Replaced by Neumayer Station	Germany	1981-1992	Alfred Wegener Institute	Queen Maud Land	22	70°37′S 08°22′W / 70.617°S 8.367°W / -70.617; -8.367	UTC
Gonzalez Videla Station	Summer	Chile	1951	?	Paradise Bay, Water Boat Point.	23	64°49′S 62°52′W / 64.817°S 62.867°W / -64.817; -62.867
Great Wall Station	Permanent	China	1985	Meteorology	King George Island	24	62°13′S 58°58.2′W / 62.217°S 58.97°W / -62.217; -58.97
Halley Research Station	Permanent	United Kingdom	1956	British Antarctic Survey	Brunt Ice Shelf	25	75°35′S 26°34′W / 75.583°S 26.567°W / -75.583; -26.567
Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station	Permanent	Poland	1977	Oceanobiology, Oceanography, Geology, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Meteorology, Climatology, Seismology, Magnetism and Ecology	King George Island	26	62°09.2′S 058°28.9′W / 62.1533°S 58.4817°W / -62.1533; -58.4817
Jinnah Antarctic Station	Summer	Pakistan	1991	Pakistan Antarctic Programme	Sør Rondane Mountains, Queen Maud Land	27	70°24′S 25°45′E / 70.4°S 25.75°E / -70.4; 25.75
Juan Carlos I Base	Summer	Spain	1988	CSIC. Laboratory, investigation and meteorogical station. [2]	South Bay, Livingston Island	28	62°39′S 60°23′W / 62.65°S 60.383°W / -62.65; -60.383
Jubany	Permanent	Argentina	1953	Animal life, meteorology	King George Island	29	62°14.2′S 58°40.6′W / 62.2367°S 58.6767°W / -62.2367; -58.6767	UTC-3
King Sejong Station	Permanent	South Korea	1988	Korea Antarctic Research Program	King George Island	30	62°13.2′S 58°47′W / 62.22°S 58.783°W / -62.22; -58.783
Kunlun Station	Summer	China	2009	Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration	Dome A	31	80°25′01″S 77°06′58″E / 80.41694°S 77.11611°E / -80.41694; 77.11611
Law-Racoviţă Station	Summer	Romania	1986	Romanian Polar Research Institute	Larsemann Hills (Princess Elizabeth Land)	32	69°23′S 76°23′E / 69.383°S 76.383°E / -69.383; 76.383
Leningradskaya Station	Re-opening in 2007/2008	Russia	1971	Russian Antarctic Expedition	Oates Coast, Victoria Land	33	69°30′S 159°23′E / 69.5°S 159.383°E / -69.5; 159.383
Machu Picchu Research Station	Summer	Peru	1989	Peruvian Antartic Institute (INANPE) [3]	Admiralty Bay, King George Island	34	62°05.4′S 58°28.1′W / 62.09°S 58.4683°W / -62.09; -58.4683
Macquarie Island Station	Permanent	Australia	1911	Australian Antarctic Division	Macquarie Island	35	54°30′S 158°57′E / 54.5°S 158.95°E / -54.5; 158.95
Maitri Station	Permanent	India	1989	Indian Antarctic Program	Schirmacher region	36	70°45.58′S 11°43.56′E / 70.75967°S 11.726°E / -70.75967; 11.726
Marambio Base	Permanent	Argentina	1969	Laboratory, meteorological station, 1.2 km long-30m wide landing track. (website)	Seymour-Marambio Island	37	64°14′S 56°37′W / 64.233°S 56.617°W / -64.233; -56.617	UTC-3
Mario Zucchelli Station	Summer	Italy	1986	Oceanobiology, Oceanography, Geology, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Meteorology, Climatology, Seismology, Magnetism and Ecology (website)	Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea	38	74°42′S 164°07′E / 74.7°S 164.117°E / -74.7; 164.117	UTC+12
Mawson Station	Permanent	Australia	1954?	Australian Antarctic Division	Mac Robertson Land	39	67°36′S 62°53′E / 67.6°S 62.883°E / -67.6; 62.883	UTC+6
McMurdo Station	Permanent	United States	1956		Ross Island	40	77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.85°S 166.667°E / -77.85; 166.667	UTC+12*
Mendel Polar Station	Summer	Czech Republic	2006	biological, geological and climate research	James Ross Island	41	63°48′S 57°52′W / 63.8°S 57.867°W / -63.8; -57.867
Mirny Station	Permanent	Russia	1956	glaciology, seismology, meteorology, polar lights, cosmic radiation, and marine biology	Davis Sea	42	66°33′07″S 93°00′53″E / 66.55194°S 93.01472°E / -66.55194; 93.01472
Mizuho Station	irregular (transshipment station)	Japan	1970	National Institute of Polar Research		43	70°41′53″S 44°19′54″E / 70.69806°S 44.33167°E / -70.69806; 44.33167
Molodyozhnaya Station	Re-opening in 2007/2008	Russia Belarus	1962	Meteorology [4] Russian Antarctic Expedition		44	67°40′18″S 45°51′21″E / 67.67167°S 45.85583°E / -67.67167; 45.85583
Neumayer Station	Permanent	Germany	1992	Alfred Wegener Institute	Atka-Bay	45	70°39′S 08°15′W / 70.65°S 8.25°W / -70.65; -8.25	UTC
Neumayer Station III	Permanent	Germany	2009	Alfred Wegener Institute	Atka-Bay	66	70°40′48″S 08°16′12″W / 70.68°S 8.27°W / -70.68; -8.27	UTC
Novolazarevskaya Station	Permanent	Russia	1961		Queen Maud Land	46	70°46′04″S 11°49′54″E / 70.76778°S 11.83167°E / -70.76778; 11.83167
Orcadas Base	Permanent	Argentina	1904	Meteorology	Orcadas Islands	47	60°44′S 44°44′W / 60.733°S 44.733°W / -60.733; -44.733	UTC-3
Palmer Station	Permanent	United States	1968	Science labs, a dock and a helicopter pad.	Anvers Island	48	64°46′S 64°03′W / 64.77°S 64.05°W / -64.77; -64.05	UTC-4
Princess Elisabeth Base	Permanent	Belgium	2007	Energy-passive research station.	Dronning Maud Land	49	71°34′S 23°12′E / 71.57°S 23.20°E / -71.57; 23.20
Professor Julio Escudero Base	Permanent	Chile	1994	Chilean Antarctic Institute	King George Island	50	62°12.3′S 58°58.5′W / 62.205°S 58.975°W / -62.205; -58.975	UTC-4*
Progress Station	Summer	Russia	1988	Russian Antarctic Expedition	Prydz Bay	51	69°22′44″S 76°23′13″E / 69.37889°S 76.38694°E / -69.37889; 76.38694
Rothera Research Station	Permanent	United Kingdom	1975	British Antarctic Survey	Adelaide Island	52	67°34′S 68°08′W / 67.567°S 68.133°W / -67.567; -68.133
Russkaya Station	Re-opening in 2007/2008	Russia	1980	Russian Antarctic Expedition	Marie Byrd Land	53	74°46′S 136°52′W / 74.767°S 136.867°W / -74.767; -136.867
San Martín Base	Permanent	Argentina	1951	Laboratory and Meteorological measurements		54	68°08′S 67°06′W / 68.133°S 67.1°W / -68.133; -67.1	UTC-3
SANAE IV (South African National Antarctic Expeditions)	Permanent	South Africa	1962 (SANAE I)	Upper atmosphere research (e.g. cosmic rays) and Earth sciences (e.g. geology).	Fimbul Coastal Ice Shelf in Queen Maud Land	55	71°40′S 2°51′W / 71.667°S 2.85°W / -71.667; -2.85
St. Kliment Ohridski Base	Permanent	Bulgaria	1988	Biological research, laboratorial and meteorological measurements. First Eastern Orthodox chapel, St. Ivan Rilski	Emona Anchorage, Livingston Island	56	62°38′29″S 60°21′53″W / 62.64139°S 60.36472°W / -62.64139; -60.36472
Scott Base	Permanent	New Zealand	1957	Antarctic physical environments, Southern Ocean and Antarctic ecosystems.	Ross Island	57	77°51′S 166°45′E / 77.85°S 166.75°E / -77.85; 166.75	UTC+12
Showa Station	Permanent	Japan	1958	National Institute of Polar Research	East Ongul Island	58	69°00′22″S 39°35′24″E / 69.00611°S 39.59°E / -69.00611; 39.59	GMT+3
Svea	Summer	Sweden	1988	Swedish Polar Research Secretariat	Dronning Maud Land	59	74°35′S 11°13′W / 74.583°S 11.217°W / -74.583; -11.217
Tor Station	Summer	Norway	1993	Norwegian Polar Institute	Dronning Maud Land	60	71°53′20″S 05°09′30″E / 71.88889°S 5.15833°E / -71.88889; 5.15833
Troll Station	Permanent	Norway	1990	Norwegian Polar Institute	Dronning Maud Land	61	72°00′43.5″S 2°31′56″E / 72.012083°S 2.53222°E / -72.012083; 2.53222
Wasa Station	Summer	Sweden	1989	Swedish Polar Research Secretariat	Dronning Maud Land	62	73°03′S 13°25′W / 73.05°S 13.417°W / -73.05; -13.417
Vostok Station	Permanent	Russia	1957	Russian Antarctic Expedition	Antarctic Ice Sheet	63	78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.467°S 106.8°E / -78.467; 106.8	UTC+6
Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) Station	Permanent	China	1989	Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC)	Larsemann Hills in Prydz Bay	64	69°22′44″S 76°22′40″E / 69.37889°S 76.37778°E / -69.37889; 76.37778
Kohnen-Station	Summer	Germany	2001	Alfred Wegener Institute	Dronning Maud Land	65	70°00′S 00°04′E / 70°S 0.067°E / -70; 0.067

* Observes daylight saving time.

See also

• Demographics of Antarctica
• List of Antarctic expeditions

References

External links

• Research stations

v • d • e The Continent of Antarctica Main articles Antarctic · History · Climate · Expeditions · Research stations · Territorial claims · Antarctic Treaty System · Communications in Antarctica Antarctica portal Geographic regions Antarctic Peninsula · East Antarctica · West Antarctica · Extreme points of the Antarctic · List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands · Antarctica ecozone Waterways: McMurdo Sound · Ross Sea · Weddell Sea Notable stations Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (US) · Scott Base (NZ) · McMurdo Station (US) · Palmer Station (US) · Frei Montalva (CL) · Vostok Station (RU) · more... Famous explorers Ernest Shackleton · James Clark Ross · Richard Evelyn Byrd · Roald Amundsen · Douglas Mawson · Robert Falcon Scott · more...