List of Scots

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)

List of Scots is an incomplete list of notable people from Scotland.

Contents 1 Actors 2 Architects 3 Artists 4 Business 5 Composers 6 Engineers and inventors 7 Explorers 8 Humorists 9 Musicians 10 Philosophers 11 Photographers 12 Rulers, politicians, soldiers 13 Scientists 14 Sportspeople 15 Television and radio personalities 16 Theologians 17 Writers 18 Other notable people 19 References 20 See also

Actors

Architects

• Robert Adam (1728–1792)
• William Adam (1689–1748) Father of Robert and architect and builder
• Robert Rowand Anderson (1834–1921)
• Sir William Bruce (c.1630-1710)
• Edward Calvert (c. 1847 – 1914)
• Charles Cameron (1743–1812)
• Colen Campbell (1676–1729)
• Alan Dunlop (1958-present)
• James Leslie Findlay (1868–1952)
• James Gibbs (1682-1754)
• Ian G Lindsay (1906–1966)
• Robert Lorimer (1864–1929)
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868–1928), architect, designer and watercolourist, husband of Margaret MacDonald (Artist)
• Robert Matthew (1906–1975)
• James Miller (1860–1947)
• Gordon Murray (1954-present)
• James Playfair (1755–1794), father of William Henry
• William Henry Playfair (1790–1857)
• David Rhind (1808–1883)
• James Robert Rhind, (1854–1918)
• Basil Spence (1907–1976)
• James Stirling (1926–1992)
• Thomas S. Tait (1882–1954)
• Alexander 'Greek' Thomson (1817–1875)
• Frederick Thomas Pilkington (1832–1898)

Artists

• Cosmo Alexander (c. 1724 – 1772), noted portraitist in the United States^[1]
• John Alexander ( -1733), painter and engraver
• David Allan (1744-1796), painter of historical subjects
• John Amabile (born 1964), interior designer
• Muirhead Bone (1876–1953), etcher
• Mark Boyle (1934–2005)
• Robert Brough (1872-1905), painter
• John Byrne (born 1940)
• James Cadenhead (1858-1927), painter
• George Paul Chalmers (1836-1878), painter
• Robert Colquhoun (1914–1962)
• Jack M. Ducker (1890-unknown), painter who specialized in highland landscapes
• Ian Hamilton Finlay (1925-2006), sculptor and installation artist
• John Watson Gordon (1788-1864), painter
• James Guthrie (1859-1930), painter
• George Heriot (1563-1624), Scottish goldsmith, jeweler, and philanthropist
• Peter Howson (born 1958)
• John Kelso Hunter (1802-1873), self-taught portrait painter and author of two books
• Hew Lorimer (1907–1993), sculptor and brother of architect Robert Lorimer
• Margaret MacDonald (1865–1933), wife of Charles Rennie Mackintosh
• Robert MacBryde (1913–1966)
• Dugald MacColl (1859–1948)
• James MacGillivray, sculptor (1856–1938)
• David Mach (born 1956), sculptor and installation artist
• William MacTaggart (1903-1981), landscape painter
• R. R. McIan (1803-1856), painter
• William McTaggart (1835-1910), landscape painter
• William Miller, engraver (1796–1882)
• Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), landscape painter
• Patrick Nasmyth (1787–1831), landscape painter, son of Alexander
• John Pettie (1839-1893), painter
• Henry Raeburn (1756–1823), portrait painter
• John Robertson Reid (1851-1926), painter
• Alexander Runciman (1736-1785), painter of historical and mythological subjects
• Archibald Skirving (1749-1819), Scottish portrait painter
• Reverend John Thomson (1778–1840), landscape painter and minister of Duddingston Kirk
• Jack Vettriano (born 1951)
• Alison Watt (1965- ), painter
• David Wilkie]|Christopher Wood (1962- ), contemporary abstract landscape painter

Business

• Arthur Anderson (1792–1868), co-founder of P&O
• James Gordon Bennett, Sr. (1795–1872) founder and publisher of the New York Herald
• Alexander Berry (1781–1873), town of Berry named after him, possibly first millionaire in Australia
• David Buick (1854–1929) founded the Buick car company
• Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919), steel magnate, major philanthropist
• William Davidson (1740–1890) entrepreneur and founder of the first colony in New Brunswick, Canada
• Dr. Henry Duncan (1774–1846) Church of Scotland Minister. Started the world's first savings bank in Ruthwell, Dumfries and Galloway
• Sir Tom Farmer (born 1940), entrepreneur
• Thomas Blake Glover (1838–1911) Nagasaki-based trader in 19th century Japan
• Robert Gordon (1668–1731), founder of the Robert Gordon University
• George Heriot (1563–1624), goldsmith and founder of George Heriot's School
• Tom Hunter, entrepreneur and philanthropist, founder of Sports Division
• Irvine Laidlaw (born 1943) Scotland's 6th richest man and founder of the modern conference company
• John Law (1671–1729), advocate of paper money and founder of the Mississippi Company
• Thomas Leishman, founder of United Breweries, India
• Stewart Milne, founder of Stewart Milne Group and majority shareholder of Aberdeen FC
• William Paterson (1658–1719), founder Bank of Scotland and Bank of England
• George Watson (1654–1723), first chief accountant of the Bank of Scotland, and founder of George Watson's College
• William Walls (1819–1893), lawyer and industrialist, influenced the development of 19th century Glasgow

Composers

• Robert Carver (c. 1485 – c. 1570)
• Hamish MacCunn (1868–1916)
• John Blackwood McEwen (1868–1948)
• James MacMillan (born 1959)
• William Wallace (1860–1940)
• Erik Chisholm (1904–1965)
• Robert Burns (1759–1796)

Engineers and inventors

• Sir William Arrol (1839–1913), bridge builder
• Alexander Bain (1818–1903), fax machine
• John Logie Baird (1888–1946), television
• Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), telephone, National Geographic, Hydrofoil
• Henry Bell (1767–1830), ran Europe's first commercially successful steamboat
• James Braid (1795–1860), hypnosis
• James Chalmers (1782–1853), adhesive postage stamp
• Sir Dugald Clark (aka Clerk), (1854–1932), first two stroke cycle engine (the Clark cycle)
• Robert Davidson (1804–1894), first electric locomotive
• James Dewar (1842–1923), inventor of the Thermos flask and co-developer of cordite
• William Dickson (1860–1935), motion picture camera and the world's first film
• John Boyd Dunlop (1840–1921), the modern rubber tyre
• Sir Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), isolated Penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum
• James Harrison (1816–1893), pioneer in mechanical refrigeration
• James Bowman Lindsay (1799–1862), inventor of the constant electric light bulb
• Charles Macintosh (1766–1843), patented waterproofing
• Kirkpatrick MacMillan (1813–1878), the bicycle
• John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836), modern road construction
• Sir Robert McAlpine (Concrete Bob), (1847–1934), road builder
• Patrick Miller, steamboat pioneer
• William Murdoch (1754–1839), pioneer of gas lighting
• James Nasmyth (1808–1890), Steam Hammer
• John Rennie the Elder (1761-1821), engineer, designer of the "new" 19th Century London Bridge
• Robert Stirling Newall (1812–1889), engineer, improved wire rope and submarine cable laying.
• John Shepherd-Barron (born 1925), inventor of the Automatic Teller Machine
• William Symington (1764–1831), engineer, built the first practical steam boat
• Thomas Telford (1757–1834) architect, civil engineer, bridge designer
• Robert William Thomson (1822–1873)
• Sir Robert Watson-Watt (1893-1973), Developed Radar
• James Watt (1736–1819), engineer, significantly improved the steam engine
• James Young Simpson (1811–1870), introduced chloroform into surgery
• Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald, (1749-1831) made many general useful inventions, particularly in the navy
• Sir Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald (1775 - 1860), designed many inventions to do with naval technology as well as steam engines

Explorers

• William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling (1570–1640)
• William Alexander (the younger), (1602–1638)
• Albert Armitage
• John Arthur
• William Balfour Baikie (1824–1864), Africa, surgeon and naturalist on the 1854 Niger expedition
• Peter Belches
• Alexander Berry
• Henry Robertson Bowers
• James Bruce (1730–1794), traveller and travel writer
• William S. Bruce (1867–1921) Antarctica, first to widely explore the Weddell Sea
• David Buchan
• Colin Campbell (1686–1757), co-founder of the Swedish East India Company
• David Douglas (1799–1834), explorer, botanist, introduced about 240 species of plants to Great Britain, including the Douglas-fir
• Hugh Clapperton
• John Dundas Cochrane
• William Cormack
• Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham ("Don Roberto"), (1852–1936)
• William Kennedy Dickson
• Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton (1903–1973), Mount Everest, aviator and first man to see Everest from above
• Alexander Forbes, American Pacific coast
• Henry Ogg Forbes
• George Glas
• Robert Gordon of Straloch (1580–1661), map maker of Scotland
• James Augustus Grant (1827–1892), eastern Africa, member of the exhibition that found the sources of the Nile
• James Hector
• Alexander Keith Johnston (1844–1879)
• John Kirk
• Alexander Gordon Laing (1793–1826), first European to reach Timbuktu
• Macgregor Laird
• William Lithgow
• David Livingstone (1813–1873), explorer, missionary in Africa, discovered Victoria Falls
• John MacGregor
• Gregor MacGregor
• Alexander Mackenzie (1764–1820), Canada & Arctic Ocean
• Harry McNish
• Archibald Menzies (1754–1852)
• Major Sir Thomas Mitchell (1792–1855), Australia
• John Muir (1838–1914)
• John Murray
• Mungo Park (1771–1806), Africa, first European to reach the Niger
• William Paterson
• John Rae (1813–1893), Canadian Arctic
• John Richardson
• Sir James Clark Ross (born in London), (1800–1862), Antarctica, discovered the Ross Sea, Victoria Land, and the volcanoes Mount Erebus and Mount Terror
• Henry Sinclair, 1st Earl of Orkney (c. 1345 – c. 1400), allegedly explored North America in 1398
• John McDouall Stuart (1815–1866), most famous of all Australia's inland explorers, led the first expedition to successfully traverse the continent from south to north
• Joseph Thomson
• John Wood
• James Wordie
• Charles Wyville Thomson
• Tom Weir (1914–2006), climber, author and broadcaster

Humorists

• Stanley Baxter (born 1926)
• Rory Bremner (born 1961)
• Janet Brown (born 1924)
• Des Clarke
• Billy Connolly (born 1942)
• Ronald Balfour Corbett (Ronnie), (born 1930)
• Ivor Cutler (born 1923)
• Graeme Garden (born 1943)
• Janey Godley (born 1961)
• Greg Hemphill (born 1969)
• Ford Kiernan (born 1962)
• Brian Limond (born 1975)
• Doon Mackichan (born 1962)
• Chic Murray (1919–1985)
• Frankie Boyle
• Rikki Fulton
• Harry Lauder
• Ronnie Corbett

Craig Ferguson (Born 1962)

Musicians

Please refer to List of Scottish musicians

Philosophers

• John Abercrombie (1780–1844)
• John Anderson (1893–1962)
• Thomas Brown (1778–1820)
• Adam Ferguson (1723–1816)
• Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856)
• Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782)
• David Hume (1711–1776), inspired Immanuel Kant (Himself of Scottish Heritage through his mother)
• John Mair, othewise known as Major, (1467–1550), teacher of George Buchanan, John Knox, and influencer of Calvin and Loyola
• Alasdair MacIntyre (born 1929)
• John Macmurray (1891–1976)
• James McCosh (1811–1894)
• Thomas Reid (1710–1796), played an integral role in the Scottish Enlightenment
• Duns Scotus (1266–1308)
• Adam Smith (1723–1790), Economist, Free Trade, Laissez-faire, Division of Labour
• Dugald Stewart (1753-1828), common sense philosopher.

Photographers

• Albert Watson (born 1942), fashion and celebrity photographer
• Harry Benson World-renowned celebrity and pop culture photographer

Rulers, politicians, soldiers

• James Alexander (1691–1756), attorney general of New Jersey^[1]
• Cardinal David Beaton (c. 1494 – 1546)
• Tony Blair (born 1953) (born in Scotland), Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997 - 2007)
• Gordon Brown (born 1951), Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, (2007–present)
• Calgacus
• Richard Cameron (c. 1648 – 1680), Republican Covenanter and founder of the "Cameronians"
• Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde (1792–1863)
• Colin Campbell
• Sir Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald (1775–1860), Admiral in the Royal Navy
• James Connolly (1868–1916) Irish socialist leader, executed by firing squad following the Easter Rising.
• Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham ("Don Roberto"), (1852–1936), first socialist Member of Parliament (MP)
• Donald Dewar (1937–2000), former First Minister of Scotland
• Sir Archibald Douglas (c. 1298 – 1333), Regent of Scotland and leader of Scots forces at the Battle of Halidon Hill
• James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (1525–1581), Regent of Scotland
• Alec Douglas-Home (1903–1995), British Prime minister
• Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun (1653–1716)
• John Forbes (1707–1759), Scottish general
• Annabel Goldie (born 1950), leader of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party
• James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612–1650), Covenanter and Royalist leader of Highland Armies
• Viscount (Bonnie) Dundee (c. 1648 – 1689), Jacobite Highland Army leader
• Jo Grimond (1913–1993), Liberal Party leader from 1956-67
• Douglas Haig (1861–1928), Commander of British Forces during World War I
• James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran (1516–1575), Regent of Scotland.
• Keir Hardie (1856–1915)
• David B. Henderson (1840-1906), Politician and Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1899 to 1903
• King James IV (1473–1513)
• James VI of Scotland and I of England (1603–1625)
• Charles I of Scotland and of England (1625-1649)
• Tom Johnston (Tam), (1882–1965), World War II Secretary of State for Scotland
• John Paul Jones (1747–1792), father of the American Navy
• Charles Kennedy (born 1959), leader of the Liberal Democrats 1999-2006
• Arthur MacArthur, Sr. Governor of Wisconsin and grandfather of Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• Macbeth of Scotland (c. 1005 – 1057), High King of Scotland
• Jack McConnell (born 1960), First Minister of Scotland (2001-2007)
• John MacCormick (1904–1961), nationalist
• John A. Macdonald (1815–1891), first Prime Minister of Canada
• Margo MacDonald (born 1943), nationalist
• Malcolm MacDonald (1901–1981)
• Ramsay MacDonald (1866–1937), British Prime minister
• Rob Roy MacGregor (1671–1734)
• Alexander Mackenzie (1822–1892), second Prime Minister of Canada
• Colin Mackenzie (c. 1754 – 1821), soldier in British India
• Alexander Slidell MacKenzie, US NAvy
• Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, US Cavalryman
• William McKinley, US President
• John MacLean (1879–1923), revolutionary
• Henry McLeish (born 1948) former First Minister
• Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1587)
• Jimmy Maxton (1885–1946), leader of the Independent Labour Party
• Hugh Mercer Continental Army General
• Richard Montgomery Continental Army General
• Viscount Montgomery British Field Marshal
• Andrew Moray (died 1297) military leader during the Scottish Wars of Independence
• George Smith Patton US General-World War II
• Jerry Rawlings (born 1947), former president of Ghana; partly of Scottish descent
• Robert the Bruce (1274–1329), Robert I of Scotland
• Alex Salmond (born 1954), current First Minister
• Jim Sillars (born 1937), founder of Scottish Labour Party (1976), MP
• John Smith (1938–1994) Labour Party leader
• David Steel (born 1938), Liberal Party leader from 1976-88
• Nicol Stephen (born 1960), former leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats
• Lord Stirling, American Revolutionary War General
• Prince Charles Edward Stuart (1720–1788), Jacobite Field Marshal and heir to the throne of Great Britain.
• Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso (1890–1970), Liberal Party leader from 1935-45
• William Wallace (c. 1270 – 1305), a.k.a. The Wallace
• General Sir Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch (1748 - 1843), leading Napoleonic General.
• Sir Thomas John Cochrane (1789 - 1872), Royal Navy First Sea Lord.

Scientists

Sportspeople

See also Scottish Sports Hall of Fame.

• Robert Archibald (born 1980), 1st Scottish NBA player
• Alain Baxter (born 1973), alpine skier
• Jim Baxter (1939–2001), footballer
• Ken Buchanan (born 1945), world champion boxer
• Sir Matt Busby (1909–1994), football manager, won the European Cup in 1968
• Jim Clark (1936–1968), Formula One driver
• Davie Cooper (1956–1995), footballer
• David Coulthard (born 1971), Formula One driver
• Kenny Dalglish (born 1951), footballer and a manager of Liverpool F.C.
• Sir Alex Ferguson (born 1941), footballer and a manager of Manchester United F.C.
• David Florence (born 1982), slalom canoeist
• Dario Franchitti (born 1973), Indy Car Driver
• Marino Franchitti (born 1978), Indy Car Driver
• Wyndham Halswelle (1882–1915), Olympic champion runner
• Dougal Haston (1940–1977), mountaineer
• Stephen Hendry (born 1969), professional snooker player, 7 times World champion.
• Chris Hoy (born 1976), world, Olympic and Commonwealth champion track cyclist
• Gerry Hughes (born 1958), sailor, first single-handed atlantic crossing by a deaf person
• Jimmy Johnstone (1944–2006), football player
• Denis Law (born 1940), football player
• Eric Liddell (1902–1945), athlete, one of the two subjects of Chariots of Fire
• Jackie Lockhart (born 1965), curler, skip of Scotland team which won the 2002 world championships
• Benny Lynch (1913–1946), world champion boxer
• Hamish MacInnes (born 1930), mountaineer
• Craig MacLean (born 1971), world, Olympic and Commonwealth champion track cyclist
• Rhona Martin (born 1966), curler, Olympic gold medallist
• Catriona Matthew (born 1969), golfer
• Ally McCoist (born 1962), football player
• Liz McColgan (born 1964), athlete
• William McGregor (1846–1911), founder of the Football League in England
• Myra McKinlay (born 1974), golfer
• Billy McNeill (born 1940), footballer and a manager of Celtic F.C.
• Colin McRae (1968–2007), world champion rally driver
• David Millar (born 1977), road cyclist
• Robert Millar (born 1958), professional cyclist, "King of the Mountains" in 1984 Tour de France
• Willie Miller (born 1955), International footballer and captain of Aberdeen when they won Cup Winners' Cup in 1983
• Janice Moodie (born 1973), golfer
• Andy Murray (born 1987), tennis player
• Jamie Murray (born 1986), tennis player, doubles, Wimbledon winner 2007 mixed doubles
• Graeme Obree (born 1965), world record holding cyclist
• Bill Shankly (1914–1981), football manager
• Jock Stein (1922–1985), football manager, won the European Cup with Celtic F.C.
• Sir Jackie Stewart (born 1939), world champion Formula One driver
• Bobby Thomson (born 1923), Scots-born American baseball player
• Andrew Watson (born 1857, date of death unknown) world's first black international football player, captain and administrator
• Jim Watt (born 1948), world champion boxer, won the WBC World Lightweight title
• David Wilkie (born 1954), swimmer

Television and radio personalities

• Ronni Ancona (born 1968)
• Edith Bowman (born 1975)
• Frankie Boyle (born 1972), comedian
• Nicky Campbell (born 1962)
• Romana D'Annunzio (born 1972)
• Jenni Falconer (born 1976)
• Kirsty Gallacher (born 1976)
• Muriel Gray (born 1959), journalist
• Sarah Heaney (born 1971)
• Lorraine Kelly (born 1959)
• John Leslie (born 1965)
• Eddie Mair (born 1965)
• Gail Porter (born 1971)
• Carol Smillie (born 1961)
• Cameron Stout (born 1971)
• Kirsty Wark (born 1955), journalist
• Craig Ferguson (born 1962)
• Alan Johnston (born 1962), journalist
• Gordon Ramsay (born 1966), celebrity chef

Theologians

• James Barr (1924–2006)
• Thomas Boston (1676-1732)
• William Robinson Clark (1829–1912), Dean of Taunton
• Alexander Penrose Forbes (1817–1875)
• James Frazer (1854–1941), anthropologist of comparative religion and myth
• Alexander Henderson (1583–1646)
• Richard Holloway (born 1933)
• John Knox (c. 1513 – 1572)
• Thomas McCrie
• Saint Mungo (also known as Saint Kentigern), (died 614)
• George Newlands
• The Revd Professor Norman Walker Porteous (1898–2003), translator of the Bible
• Andrew Purves
• John Duns Scotus (c. 1266 – 1308)
• Thomas Torrance (born 1913)
• George Wishart (1513–1546)

Writers

Other notable people

• Andrew Bell (1753–1832), developer of the Madras system of education
• Alana Clark (born 1983), singer & song-writer
• Veronica Deneuve, exotic dancer and political activist.
• Helen Duncan (1897–1956), last woman to be tried under the Witchcraft Act
• Donald Findlay (born 1951)
• Alexander Kinloch Forbes (1821–1865) scholar of the Gujarati language
• Sir Andrew Gilchrist (1910–1993) diplomat
• Elsie Inglis (1864–1917), medical reformer and suffragette
• Captain Kidd (1645–1701), pirate
• Flora MacDonald (1722–1790), Jacobite and United Empire Loyalist
• Duncan MacLeod (born 1592), fictional character from Highlander:The Series
• John James Richard Macleod (1876–1935)
• Jamie Macpherson (1675–1700), outlaw and author of MacPherson's Lament or Rant
• James Murdoch (1856–1921) Journalist and Teacher
• Robert Noble
• Allan Pinkerton (1819–1884), North American detective
• John Charles Walsham Reith (1889–1971), First Director General of the BBC
• Alexander Selkirk (1676–1723), Inspiration for Robinson Crusoe
• Mary Slessor (1848–1915), missionary and advocate for women's rights
• Stella Tennant (born 1970), model
• John Thomson (1837–1921), photographer
• Roderick Wright (1940-2005), Disgraced Catholic bishop
• Jerome "Chef" McElroy fictional character from South Park
• Dennis Nilsen (born 1945), serial killer
• John George Govan (1861-1927), founder of the Faith Mission
• William Irvine (1863-1947), evangelist and founder of the Cooneyite and Go-Preacher sects

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963. 

See also

• List of people by nationality
• List of Kings of the Picts
• List of monarchs of Scotland
• Scottish-American
• Scots-Quebecer
• Scottish-Canadian

v • d • e  Scotland topics History Timeline · Prehistoric · Kingdom · High Middle Ages · Davidian Revolution · Wars of Independence · Late Middle Ages · Reformation · Colonisation of the Americas · Acts of Union 1707 · Enlightenment · Jacobitism · Highland Clearances · Lowland Clearances Geography Geology · Climate · Demographics · Mountains and hills · Islands · Lochs · Fauna · Highlands · Lowlands · Central Belt · Anglo-Scottish border Economy Companies · Bank of Scotland · Royal Bank of Scotland · North Sea oil · Whisky · Tourism · Harris Tweed · Renewable energy · Transport Law Courts · Lord President · Crown Office · Lord Advocate · Solicitor General · Procurator Fiscal · Udal law People List of Scots (Actors · Inventors · Musicians · Scientists · Writers) Politics Political parties · Elections · Parliament · Government · First Minister · Secretary of State · Scotland Office · Local government · Monarchs · Military · Independence · Unionism Religion Church of Scotland · General Assembly · Roman Catholicism · Judaism · Scottish Episcopal Church · Islam · Hinduism Languages Scottish Gaelic · Scots · Scottish English · Highland English · Royal National Mod Culture Clans · Cuisine · Education · Flags · Coat of arms · Anthem · Hogmanay · Innovations · Literature · Music · Sport · World Heritage Sites · Nationalism Portal