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A siege is a prolonged military assault and blockade on a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition. What follows is a chronological list of sieges.
Contents |
Military sieges
Ancient
- Siege of Megiddo (c. 1457 BC)
- Siege of Dapur (c. 1296 BC)
- Siege of Troy (c. 1200 BC)
- Siege of Hermopolis (c. 715 BC)
- Siege of Lachish (c. 715 BC)
- Siege of Jerusalem (701 BC) - the Assyrian siege of Sennacherib
- Siege of Syracuse (415 BC) - the Athenian siege
- Siege of Tyre (332 BC) by Alexander the Great
- Siege of Rhodes (305 BC) by Demetrius Poliorcetes
- Siege of Agrigentum (261 BC) (First Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage)
- Siege of Saguntum (218 BC) - casus belli for the Second Punic War
- Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC) - the Roman siege
- Siege of Carthage (149–146 BC) by Scipio Aemilianus Africanus
- Siege of Numantia (134–133 BC) by Scipio Aemilianus Africanus
- Siege of Alesia (52 BC)
- Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD) - the Roman siege of Titus
- Siege of Masada (72 AD)
- Siege of Byzantium (193 AD–196 AD) by Septimius Severus forces.
Medieval
- The First Siege of Constantinople by Avars and Sassanid Persians in 626
- The Siege of Tbilisi (628)
- Siege of Ansi fortress (645)
- The First Arab Siege of Constantinople in 674-678
- The Second Arab Siege of Constantinople in 717-718
- Siege of Pavia (773–774)
- Siege of Constantinople (860)
- Siege of Syracuse (878)
- Siege of Paris (885–886)
- Siege of Chartres (911)
- Siege of Kiev (968)
- Siege of Dorostolon (971)
- Siege of Graus (Spring 1063)
- Siege of Nicaea (1097) - part of the First Crusade
- Siege of Antioch (1097–1098) - part of the First Crusade
- Siege of Capua (1098)
- Siege of Jerusalem (1099) - part of the First Crusade
- Siege of Weinsberg (1140)
- Siege of Edessa (1144)
- Siege of Lisbon (1147)
- Siege of Damascus (1148)
- Siege of Sanjō Palace (1160) - the main action of the Heiji Rebellion took place in Kyoto
- Siege of Nara (1180) - during Genpei War
- Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
- Siege of Acre (1189)
- Siege of Zara (1202) - part of the Fourth Crusade
- Siege of Constantinople (1203) - part of the Fourth Crusade
- Siege of Constantinople (1204) - part of the Fourth Crusade
- Siege of Beijing (1215) - Genghis Khan conquers Beijing
- Siege of Constantinople (1235) - a joint Bulgarian-Nicaean siege on the capital of the Latin Empire.
- Siege of Bilär (1236) - Batu Khan conquers the city of Bilär.
- Siege of Kiev (1240) - Mongol conquest of Kiev.
- Siege of Xiangyang (1267-1273) - Mongol conquest of the city of Xiangyang in the invasion of the Southern Song.
- Siege of Gibraltar (1309) - first siege of Gibraltar, by Juan Alfonso de Guzman el Bueno in the Reconquista
- Siege of Gibraltar (1316) - second siege of Gibraltar, by the Nasrid caid Yahya in the Reconquista
- Siege of Nicaea (1328-1331) - part of the Byzantine-Ottoman wars
- Siege of Kamakura (1333) - end of Ashikaga shogunate.
- Siege of Gibraltar (1333) - third siege of Gibraltar, by a Marinids army, lead by Abd al-Malik in the Reconquista
- Siege of Gibraltar (1333) - fourth siege of Gibraltar, by King Alfonso XI of Castile in the Reconquista
- Siege of Nicomedia - part of the Byzantine-Ottoman Wars
- Siege of Caffa (1346)
- Siege of Calais (1346–1347) - Hundred Years' War
- Siege of Gibraltar (1349–1350) - fifth siege of Gibraltar, by Alfonso XI in the Reconquista
- Siege of Limoges (1370)
- Siege of Gibraltar (1374) - sixth siege of Gibraltar, by the Nasrid in the Reconquista
- Siege of Maastricht (1407)
- Siege of Marienburg (1410) - in the aftermath of the Battle of Grunwald
- Siege of Rouen (1418) - reopening of the Hundred Years War
- Siege of Constantinople (1422) - first siege of Constantinople, by the Murad II
- Siege of Orleans (1429)
- Siege of La Charité (1429)
- Siege of Gibraltar (1436) - seventh siege of Gibraltar, by the count of Niebla in the Reconquista
- Siege of Constantinople (1453) - second siege of Constantinople by the Mehmed II
Early modern
- Siege of Belgrade (1456) - part of Ottoman wars in Europe
- Siege of Gibraltar (1462) - eighth siege of Gibraltar, by a Castilian army in the Reconquista
- Siege of Harlech Castle (1461- 1468) - part of Wars of the Roses. Longest siege in British history.
- Siege of Gibraltar (1467) - ninth siege of Gibraltar, by the Duke of Medina Sidonia
- Siege of Rhodes (1480) - first siege of Rhodes
- Siege of Gibraltar (1506) - tenth siege of Gibraltar, by the Duke of Medina Sidonia
- Siege of Smolensk (1514)
- Siege of Tenochtitlan (1521) - fall of the Aztec Empire.
- Siege of Rhodes (1522) - second siege of Rhodes
- Siege of Kamakura (1526)
- Siege of Vienna (1529) - first siege of Vienna
- Siege of Cuzco (1536-1537)
- Siege of Beijing (1550)
- Siege of Eger (1552) - part of Ottoman-Habsburg wars
- Siege of Kazan (1552) - part of Russo-Kazan wars
- Siege of Leith (1560)
- Siege of Malta (1565)
- Siege of Szigetvár (1566) - Ottoman siege during which Suleiman the Magnificent died
- Siege of Chartres (1568)
- Turkish siege of Nicosia, Cyprus (1570)
- Turkish siege of Famagusta, Cyprus (1570–1571)
- Siege of Ishiyama Honganji (1570–1580) - longest siege in Japanese history
- Siege of Moscow (1571) - part of Russo-Crimean Wars
- Sieges of Nagashima (1571, 1573, 1574)
- Siege of Haarlem (1572)
- Siege of Nagashino (1575)
- Siege of Pskov (1581–1582)
- Siege of Ypres (1584)
- Siege of Ghent (1584)
- Siege of Bruges (1584)
- Siege of Brussels (1584)
- Siege of Antwerp (1584–1585)
- Siege of Odawara (1590)
- Siege of Jinju (1592)
- Siege of Groenlo (1595)
- Siege of Groenlo (1597)
- Siege of Kinsale (1601–1602)
- Siege of Ostend (1601–1604)
- Siege of Groenlo (1606)
- Siege of Smolensk - (1609–1611) - 20 months
- Siege of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra (1609-1611) - 16 months
- Siege of Osaka (1614–1615)
- Siege of Breda (1624–1625)
- Siege of Groenlo (1627)
- Siege of La Rochelle (1627–1628)
- Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch (1629)
- Siege of Nuremberg (1632), Thirty Years' War
- Siege of Hara fortress (1637–1638)
- Siege of Azov (1637–1642) - part of Russo-Turkish Wars
- Siege of Candia (Crete) (1648–1669) - possibly the longest siege in history
- Siege of Drogheda (1649) -Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
- Siege of Wexford (1649)
- Siege of Waterford (1649–1650)
- Siege of Clonmel (1650)
- Cromwell's Siege of Limerick City, Ireland (1651)
- Siege of Galway (1652)
- Siege of Jasna Góra (1656) - during The Deluge
- Siege of Riga (1656) - in the Russo-Swedish War of 1656-1658
- Siege of Copenhagen (1658–1659)Second Northern War, Swedes defeated by Danish and Dutch defenders
- Siege of Lille (1667)
- Siege of Solovetsky Monastery (1668–1676) - eight years
- Siege of Groningen (1672)
- Siege of Maastricht (1673)
- Siege of Vienna (1683) - second siege of Vienna
- Siege of Derry (1689)
- Siege of Québec City (1690) - first siege of Québec City
- Siege of Athlone (1691)
- Williamite Siege of Limerick City, Ireland (1690–1691)
- Siege of Gibraltar (1704) - eleventh siege of Gibraltar, by Sir George Rooke's Anglo-Dutch fleet
- Siege of Gibraltar (1704–1705) - twelfth siege of Gibraltar, by a Spanish-French army)
- Siege of Turin (1706)
- Siege of Gaeta (1707) - during the War of the Spanish Succession
- Siege of Lille (1708)
- Siege of Barcelona (1714) - during the War of the Spanish Succession
- Siege of Gibraltar (1727) - thirteenth siege of Gibraltar, by a Spanish army
- Siege of Danzig (1734)
- Siege of Cartagena de Indias (1741) - by Edward Vernon in the War of Jenkins' Ear
- Siege of Olomouc (1758) - by Frederick the Great in the Seven Years' War
- Siege of Québec City (1759) - second siege of Québec City
- Siege of Kolberg (1761)
- Siege of Havana (1762) British fleet headed by George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle lays siege to Spanish controlled Havana for a month.
- Siege of Boston (1775–1776)
- Siege of Gibraltar (1779–1783) - fourteenth siege of Gibraltar, by a Spanish-French army in the American Revolutionary War
- Siege of Yorktown (1781)
- Siege of Mantua (1796–1797) - First Coalition, French besieging
- Siege of Mantua (1799) - Second Coalition, French defending
- Siege of Seringapatam (1799)
Modern
- Siege of Copenhagen (1807) Bombarded by British fleet and by ground forces commanded by Arthur Wellesley
- First and Second sieges of Saragossa (1808–1809) - Peninsular War
- Siege of Gerona (1809) - Peninsular War
- First Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1810) - Peninsular War by the French Marshal Michel Ney
- Second Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812) - Peninsular War by Arthur Wellesley
- Siege of Badajoz (1812) - Peninsular War
- First, Second and Third Sieges of Missolonghi (1822, 1823, 1825—1826)
- Siege of the Alamo (1836)
- Siege of Veracruz (1847) - First U.S. amphibious landing
- Siege of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (1854)
- Siege of Taganrog (1855) - Crimean War
- Siege of Kars (1855) - Crimean War
- Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855) - Crimean War
- Siege of Cawnpore (1857) - The Indian Mutiny
- Siege of Lucknow (1857) - The Indian Mutiny
- Siege of Medina Fort (1857) - Toucouleurs besiege French for 97 days
- Siege of Fort Sumter (1861)Beginning of the Civil War, by Confederates, but was also later besieged later in the War by Union soldiers.
- Siege of Vicksburg (1863) — Union army besieged a Confederate city in the American Civil War.
- Siege of Port Hudson (1863) - Union Army surrounded Confederate river stronghold for 48 days.
- Siege of Petersburg (1864—1865)
- Siege of Hakodate (1869)
- Siege of Paris and the Paris Commune (1870–1871)
- Siege of Cartagena (1873–1874)
- Siege of Pleven (1877–1878) - Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
- Siege of Khartoum (1884–1885)
- Siege of Baler (1898–1899) - Philippine Revolution
- Siege of Mafeking (1899–1900) - Second Boer War
- Siege of Kimberley (1899–1900) - Second Boer War
- Siege of Ladysmith (1899–1900) - Second Boer War
- Siege of Port Arthur (1904–1905)
- Siege of Antwerp (1914) - World War I
- Siege of Maubeuge (1914) - World War I
- Siege of Alcazar (1936) - Second Spanish Republic militias besieged the Alcazar of Toledo in the Spanish Civil War
- Siege of Gijon (1936) - Spanish Civil War
- Siege of Oviedo (1936) - Spanish Civil War
- Siege of Madrid (1936—1939) - Spanish Civil War
- Siege of Malta (1940–1943) - World War II
- Siege of Tobruk (1941) - World War II
- Siege of Odessa (1941) - World War II
- Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942) - World War II
- Siege of Leningrad (1941–1944) - also known as the 900-Day Siege, probably the most gruesome in history, World War II.
- Siege of Stalingrad (1942–1943) - World War II
- Siege of Budapest (1944 - 1945)
- Siege of Breslau (1945) - World War II
- Siege of Jerusalem (1947–1948) - 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Palestinian Arabs laid siege to the Jewish quarters of Jerusalem, but were driven back. Siege was resumed in May by regular Jordanian and Egyptian forces. Ended in armistice.
- Berlin blockade (1948-1949) - No military action, but the tactic to starve a city by cutting her supply lines is a feature of a siege. The famous Berlin Air Lift supplied the city with food, coal, medical supplies and other goods for nearly a year.
- Siege of Dien Bien Phu (1954) - Vietnamese Viet Minh forces besieged French forces, effecting a final defeat on France's colonial occupation.
- Siege of Erenköy (1964) - Turkish Cypriots holding out against attacking Greek and Greek Cypriot forces.
- Siege of Beirut (1982)
- Siege of Vukovar (1991) - Croatian War of Independence
- Siege of Dubrovnik (1991–1992) - Croatian War of Independence
- Siege of Sarajevo (1992–1996) - Bosnian War
- Siege of Monrovia (2003) - Second Liberian Civil War
- CIMIC-House (2006) - Iraq War
- Siege of Nahr el-Bared (2007) - Lebanon
Police sieges
- Siege of Sidney Street (1911)
- Attica Siege (1971)
- Munich Olympic Massacre (1972)
- Wounded Knee Siege (1973)
- Norrmalmstorg robbery (1973) famous for the Stockholm syndrome
- Spaghetti House siege (1975)
- Balcombe Street Siege (1975)
- MOVE Siege (1978)
- Iranian Embassy Siege (1980)
- Palace of Justice siege (1985)
- Ruby Ridge Siege (1992)
- Waco Siege (1993)
- Montana Freemen Siege (1996)
- Japanese embassy hostage crisis (1996–1997)
- Republic of Texas Embassy Siege (1997)
- Moscow theater hostage crisis (2002)
- Beslan hostage crisis (2004)
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
