List of sign languages

Sign language is not universal. Like spoken languages, sign languages emerge naturally in communities and change through time. The following list is grouped into three sections:

• Deaf sign languages, which are the preferred languages of Deaf communities around the world;
• Signed modes of spoken languages, also known as Manually Coded Languages;
• Auxiliary sign systems, which are not "native" languages, but are signed systems of varying complexity used in addition to native languages. Simple gestures are not considered auxiliary sign systems for the purposes of this page.

The list is sorted alphabetically and regionally, and such groupings should not be taken to imply any genetic relationships between the languages (see List of language families).^[1]

Deaf sign languages

Contemporary

Africa

There are at least 25 sign languages in Africa, according to researcher Nobutaka Kamei.^[2][3][4] Some have distributions that are completely independent of those of African spoken languages. At least 13 foreign sign languages, mainly from Europe and America, have been introduced to at least 27 African nations; some of the 23 sign languages documented by Kamei have originated with or been influenced by them.

• Adamorobe Sign Language (ADS) (Ghana)
• Algerian Sign Language
• Bamako Sign Language (in a school in Mali)
• Bura Sign Language — Nigeria (PDF link)
• Chadian Sign Language
• Congolesian Sign Language
• Egypt Sign Language
• Ethiopian Sign Language
• Franco-American Sign Language — a pidgin observed in Cameroon and elsewhere in West and Central Africa.
• Gambian Sign Language
• Ghana Sign Language (or "Ghanaian Sign Language") (GSE)
• Guinean Sign Language
• Hausa Sign Language "Maganar Hannu" (HSL) — Northern Nigeria (Kano State)
• Kenyan Sign Language (KSL or LAK)
• Libyan Sign Language
• Malagasy Sign Language (or "Madagascan Sign Language")
• Malinese Sign Language "Langue des Signes Malienne" (LaSiMa)
• Moroccan Sign Language
• Mozambican Sign Language
• Mbour Sign Language — Senegal
• Namibian Sign Language
• Nigerian Sign Language
• Sierra Leone Sign Language
• Somali Sign Language
• South African Sign Language (SASL)
• Tanzanian Sign Language (seven varieties, one for each deaf school in Tanzania, with limited mutual influence)
• Tunisian Sign Language
• Uganda Sign Language (USL)
• Zambian Sign Language (ZASL)
• Zimbabwe Sign Language

The Americas

• American Sign Language (ASL)
• Argentine Sign Language (LSA)
• Bolivian Sign Language
• Brazilian Sign Language "Lingua Brasileira de Sinais" (LIBRAS)
• Chilean Sign Language "Lenguaje de Señas Chileno" (LSCH)
• Colombian Sign Language (CSN)
• Costa Rican Sign Language (LESCO)
• Cuba Sign Language
• Ecuadorian Sign Language
• Guatemalan Sign Language
• Honduras Sign Language "Lengua de señas hondureña" (LESHO)
• Inuit Sign Language "Inuit Uqausiqatigiit Uukturausiq Uqajuittunut (General Inuit Sign Language for Deaf)"
• Inuktitut Sign Language "Inuktitut Uukturausiq/Tikuqqat"
• Jamaican Sign Language (JSL)
• Maritime Sign Language
• Mayan sign languages
• Mexican Sign Language "Lengua de señas mexicana" (LSM)
• Nicaraguan Sign Language "Idioma de señas nicaragüense" (ISN)
• Quebec Sign Language "Langue des Signes Québécoise" (LSQ)
• Panamanian Sign Language "Lengua de señas panameñas"
• Peruvian Sign Language "Lengua de señas peruana"
• Providence Island Sign Language
• Salvadoran Sign Language
• Uruguayan Sign Language "Lengua de Señas Uruguaya"
• Urubú Sign Language
• Venezuelan Sign Language "Lengua de señas venezolana" (LSV)
• Yucatec Maya Sign Language

Asia/Pacific

• Auslan (Australian Sign Language)
• Ban Khor Sign Language — used in the Isan region of Thailand.
• Bengali Sign Language
• Bruneian Sign Language "Bahasa Isyarat Brunei"
• Cambodian Sign Language
• Chinese Sign Language "中國手語" (ZGS)
• Filipino Sign Language "Philippine Sign Language" (PSL)
• Hawaii Pidgin Sign Language
• Hong Kong Sign Language "香港手語" (HKSL)
• Huay Hai Sign Language (Thailand)
• Indo-Pakistani Sign Language or Indian Sign Language
• Indonesian Sign Language "Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia" (BII)
• Japanese Sign Language "日本手話" (Nihon Shuwa or Nihon Syuwa), (NS)
• Kata Kolok — used in Bali
• Laos Sign Language
• Korean Sign Language "한국수어(or 한국수화)" / "Hanguk Soo-hwa"
• Macau Sign Language "澳門手語"
• Malaysian Sign Language "Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia" (BIM)
• Mongolian Sign Language
• Na Sai Sign Language (Thailand)
• Nepal Sign Language
• New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL)
• Old Bangkok Sign Language
• Old Chiangmai Sign Language
• Plaa Pag Sign Language
• Penang Sign Language (used in Malaysia)
• Samoan Sign Language
• Selangor Sign Language (used in Malaysia)
• Singapore Sign Language "新加坡手语", which is rather Signed Exact English - SEE)
• Sri Lankan Sign Language
• Taiwanese Sign Language 臺灣手語 / Taiwan Ziran Shouyu
• Tibetan Sign Language
• Thai Sign Language (TSL) "แบบสะกดนิ้วมือไทย"
• Vietnamese sign languages (Hanoi Sign Language, Ho Chi Minh Sign Language, Haiphong Sign Language)

Europe

• Albanian Sign Language "Gjuha e Shenjave Shqipe"
• Armenian Sign Language
• Austrian Sign Language "Österreichische Gebärdensprache" (ÖGS)
• Belgian-French Sign Language "Langue des Signes de Belgique Francophone" (LSFB)
• British Sign Language (BSL)
• Bulgarian Sign Language
• Catalan Sign Language (or "Catalonian Sign Language") "Llengua de Signes Catalana" (LSC)
• Croatian Sign Language (Croslan) "Hrvatski Znakovni Jezik" (HZJ)
• Czech Sign Language "Český znakový jazyk" (CZJ)
• Danish Sign Language "Tegnsprog"
• Dutch Sign Language "Nederlandse Gebarentaal" (NGT), also commonly known as "Sign Language of the Netherlands" (SLN)
• Estonian Sign Language "Eesti viipekeel"
• Finnish Sign Language "Suomalainen viittomakieli" (SVK)
• Finland-Swedish Sign Language "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk" (Swedish) or "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli" (Finnish)
• Flemish Sign Language "Vlaamse Gebarentaal" (VGT)
• French Sign Language "Langues des Signes Française" (LSF)
• German Sign Language "Deutsche Gebärdensprache" (DGS)
• Greek Sign Language "Ελληνική Νοηματική Γλώσσα" (GSL)
• Greenlandic Inuit Sign Language "Kalaallisut Ussersuutit"
• Hungarian Sign Language "Magyar jelnyelv"
• Icelandic Sign Language "Íslenskt Táknmál"
• Irish Sign Language "Teanga Chomharthaíochta na hÉireann" (ISL/ISG and TCÉ)
• Italian Sign Language "Lingua dei Segni Italiana" (LIS)
• Latvian Sign Language "Latviešu Zīmju Valoda"
• Lithuanian Sign Language "Lietuvių gestų kalba"
• Maltese Sign Language "Lingwi tas-Sinjali Maltin" (LSM)
• Norwegian Sign Language "Tegnspråk" (NSL)
• Polish Sign Language "Polski Język Migowy" (PJM)
• Portuguese Sign Language "Língua Gestual Portuguesa" (LGP)
• Russian Sign Language "Russkiy zhestovyi yazyk" / русский жестовый язык
• Slovakian Sign Language "Slovník Posunkovej Reči"
• Slovene Sign Language "Slovenski znakovni jezik"
• Spanish Sign Language "Lengua de signos española" (LSE)
• Swedish Sign Language "Svenskt teckenspråk" (TSP)
• Swiss-French Sign Language "Langage Gestuelle"
• Swiss-German Sign Language "Deutschschweizer Gebärdensprache" (DSGS)
• Turkish Sign Language "Türk İşaret Dili" (TİD)
• Ukrainian Sign Language "українська жестова мова"
• Valencian Sign Language "Llengua de Signes en la Comunitat Valenciana" (LSCV)

Middle East

• Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), Southern Israel
• Iraqi Sign Language العراقى مترجمي لغة الاشارة
• Israeli Sign Language שפת סימנים ישראלית
• Jordanian Sign Language Lughat il-Ishaarah il-Urduniah / الاردنية مترجمي لغة الاشارة (LIU)
• Kuwaiti Sign Language لغة الاشارة الكويتية
• Lebanese Sign Language Lughat al-Isharat al-Lubnaniya / لغة الإشارات اللبنانية
• Omani Sign Language "العماني لغة الأشارة"
• Palestinian Sign Language "لغة الاشارات الفلسطينية"
• Persian Sign Language
• Qatari Sign Language "القطري لغة الأشارة"
• Saudi Arabian Sign Language "السعودية مترجمي لغة الاشارة"
• United Arab Emirates Sign Language "الامارات مترجمي لغة الاشارة"
• Yemeni Sign Language "اليمني لغة الأشارة"

Historical sign languages

• BANZSL - Language family to which BSL, Auslan, and NZSL belong
• Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
• Old French Sign Language - Parent language of many sign languages
• Old Kent Sign Language

Auxiliary sign systems

• Australian Aboriginal sign languages
• Baby Sign - using signs to assist early language development in young children.
• Baseball Sign - a method used in baseball and softball to communicate strategic plays without the opponent knowing
• Contact Sign - a pidgin or contact language between a spoken language and a sign language, eg. Pidgin Sign English (PSE).
• Curwin Hand Signs - a technique which allows musical notes to be communicated through hand signs.
• International Sign (previously known as Gestuno) - an auxiliary language used by deaf people in international settings.
• Makaton - a system of signed communication used by and with people who have speech, language or learning difficulties.
• Monastic sign language
• Plains Indian Sign Language
• Tic tac - a traditional British system of communicating betting odds at racecourses.
• Military hand signals - a standardised system of communicating commands and information silently.

Signed modes of spoken languages

For a more extensive list see Manually Coded Language. This page lists only those MCLs with pages on Wikipedia.

• General
  • Cued Speech - a hand/mouth system (HMS) to render spoken language phonemes visually intelligible.
  • Fingerspelling - alphabetic signs to represent the written form of a spoken language.
• English
  • Manually Coded English
  • Seeing Essential English (SEE1)
  • Signing Exact English (SEE2)
• Esperanto
  • Signuno
• Malay
  • Bahasa Malaysia Kod Tangan (BMKT)
• Warlpiri
  • Warlpiri Sign Language

See also

• List of sign languages by number of native speakers
• Contact sign
• Intercultural competence
• Legal recognition of sign languages
• Manual alphabet
• Sign language

References

1. ^ For a classification, see Wittmann, Henri (1991). "Classification linguistique des langues signées non vocalement." Revue québécoise de linguistique théorique et appliquée 10:1.215-88.[1].
2. ^ Kamei, Nobutaka. The Birth of Langue des Signes Franco-Africaine: Creole ASL in West and Central French-speaking Africa, paper presented at Languages and Education in Africa (LEA), University of Oslo, June 19-22, 2006. Article online (PDF)
3. ^ Kamei, Nobutaka (2004). The Sign Languages of Africa, "Journal of African Studies" (Japan Association for African Studies) Vol.64, March, 2004. [NOTE: Kamei lists 23 African sign languages in this article].
4. ^ History of the Deaf and sign languages in Africa, published (December 25, 2006) on Kamei's website. In Japanese.

External links

• Deaf cultures and Sign Languages of the world (The Interpreter's Friend website)
• http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90008
• Signes du Monde, directory for all online Sign Languages dictionaries (French) / (English)
• Video examples of 43 different international sign languages (Jehovah's Witnesses' official Sign Language website)