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List of space shuttle missions

 
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List of space shuttle missions

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U.S. shuttle Columbia landing at the end of STS-73.
Soviet Space Shuttle Buran landing after its first (and only) mission

This is a list of missions flown by space shuttles. As of 2009, only the United States has flown human spaceflight shuttle missions in the Space Shuttle program, while the Soviet Union flew one unmanned flight of the Buran.[1][2][3]

Contents

Flight numbering

The U.S. space shuttle program is officially referred to as the Space Transportation System (STS). Specific shuttle missions are therefore designated with the prefix "STS". Initially, the launches were given sequential numbers indicating order of launch, such as STS-9. This scheme continued for 25 launches and 8 cancellations up to STS-33.[3]

Due to NASA Administrator James M. Beggs' triskaidekaphobia and consequent unwillingness to number a forthcoming flight as STS-13,[4][5][6][7] beginning in 1984, each mission was also assigned a code, such as STS-41-B, with the first digit indicating the federal fiscal year offset into the program (so 41-B was scheduled for FY 1984, 51-L originally for FY 1985 and the third flight in FY 1995 would have been named 151-C), the second digit indicating the launch site (1 was Kennedy Space Center and 2 was Shuttle Launch Complex (SLC) 6 at Vandenberg Air Force Base, although Vandenberg was never used), and the letter indicating scheduling sequence. As with the sequential numbers, these codes were assigned when the launches were initially scheduled and were not changed as missions were delayed or rescheduled.[3]

Although the codes were adopted from STS-41-B through STS-51-L the sequential numbers were used internally at NASA on all processing paperwork. Flights were assigned with sequential numbers from STS-9 through STS-33. With the resumption of flights in 1988, NASA restarted with STS-26R, the "reflight" suffix to disambiguate from prior missions. This continued through STS-33R.[3]

After the Challenger disaster, a sequential numbering system only was used, with the number according to counting from the beginning, although, unlike the initial system, the assignment of numbers is based on the initial schedule and may not reflect launch order. The letter indicates that the intermediate numbering system applies, and e.g. flight STS-51 was many years after STS-51-A.[3]

Contingency missions

STS-300 was the designation for the space shuttle Launch on Need (LON) missions to be launched on short notice for STS-114 and STS-121, in the event that the shuttle became disabled or damaged and could not safely return to Earth.[8][9] After STS-121, the rescue flight for STS-115, if needed, would have been STS-301. After STS-115, the rescue mission designations changed again. They are now based on the corresponding regular mission that would be replaced should the rescue mission be needed. For example, the STS-116 rescue mission was branded STS-317, because the normal mission scheduled after STS-116 was STS-117. Should the rescue mission have been needed, the crew and vehicle for STS-117 would assume the rescue mission profile and become STS-317.

Flight statistics

Shuttle Flights Flight days Orbits Longest flight First flight Last flight Mir/ISS
docking
STS Date STS Date
Columbia † 28 300d 17h 46m 42s 4,808 17d 15h 53m 18s STS-1 Apr 13, 1981 STS-107 † Jan 16, 2003 0 / 0
Challenger † 10 62d 07h 56m 15s 995 08d 05h 23m 33s STS-6 Apr 04, 1983 STS-51-L † Jan 28, 1986 0 / 0
Discovery 37 337d 01h 13m 19s 4,764 15d 02h 24m 02s STS-41-D Aug 30, 1984 STS-128 Aug 28, 2009 1 / 10
Atlantis 31 282d 00h 00m 28s 4,602 13d 20h 12m 44s STS-51-J Oct 03, 1985 STS-129 Nov 16, 2009 7 / 10
Endeavour 23 266d 15h 33m 20s 4,212 16d 15h 08m 48s STS-49 May 07, 1992 STS-127 Jul 15, 2009 1 / 10
Total 129 1248d 18h 30m 04s 19,381 9 / 30

† No longer in service (destroyed)


Other shuttles

Shuttle Flight days Orbits Distance
(mi)		 Distance
(km)		 Flights Longest flight
(days)		 Crew and
passengers		 EVAs Mir/ISS
docking		 Satellites
deployed
Enterprise 0.014 0 Unknown Unknown 0 0.004 >3 0 0 / 0 0
Buran†[2] 0.14 2 51,764 83,307 1 0.14 0 0 0 / 0 0

† Destroyed in a hangar collapse in 2002

List of shuttle flights

See also: Timeline of Space Shuttle missions
Order Day Year Mission Shuttle Crew Duration Landing Site Notes
(1) August 12 1977 ALT-12[10] Enterprise 2 0d 0h 5 m Edwards First free flight of Space Shuttle; first non-captive flight of Enterprise
(2) September 13 1977 ALT-13 Enterprise 2 0d 0h 5 m Edwards Second free flight
(3) September 23 1977 ALT-14 Enterprise 2 0d 0h 5 m Edwards Third free flight
(4) October 12 1977 ALT-15 Enterprise 2 0d 0h 2 m Edwards Fourth free flight; first flight without tailcone (operational configuration)
(5) October 26 1977 ALT-16 Enterprise 2 0d 0h 2 m Edwards Final free flight; final non-captive flight of Enterprise
1 April 12 1981 STS-1 Columbia 2 2d 6h Edwards First reusable spacecraft flight; first flight of Columbia
2 November 12 1981 STS-2 Columbia 2 2d 6h Edwards First reuse of a manned space vehicle; first test of Canadarm robot arm; Truncated due to fuel cell problem.
3 March 22 1982 STS-3 Columbia 2 8d 0h White Sands Shuttle R&D flight, first and only landing at White Sands, New Mexico
4 June 27 1982 STS-4 Columbia 2 7d 1h Edwards Last shuttle R&D flight, first DoD payload
5 November 11 1982 STS-5 Columbia 4 5d 2h Edwards Multiple comsat launches. First EVA of program canceled due to suit problems
6 April 4 1983 STS-6 Challenger 4 5d 0h Edwards TDRS launch; first flight of Challenger; first space shuttle extra-vehicular activity
7 June 18 1983 STS-7 Challenger 5 6d 2h Edwards First US woman in space Sally Ride; Multiple comsat launches; First deployment and retrieval of a satellite SPAS
8 August 30 1983 STS-8 Challenger 5 6d 1h Edwards Comsat launch, first flight of an African American in space, Guion Bluford; test of robot arm on heavy payloads with Payload Flight Test Article
9 November 28 1983 STS-9 Columbia 6 10d 7h Edwards First Spacelab mission
10 February 3 1984 STS-41-B Challenger 5 7d 23h Kennedy Comsat launches, first untethered spacewalk by Bruce McCandless II with Manned Maneuvering Unit; first landing at KSC; dry run of equipment for Solar Max rescue
11 April 6 1984 STS-41-C Challenger 5 6d 23h Edwards Solar Max servicing (first satellite rescue by astronauts), LDEF launch
12 August 30 1984 STS-41-D Discovery 6 6d 0h Edwards Multiple comsat launches; first flight of Discovery, test of OAST-1 Solar Array
13 October 5 1984 STS-41-G Challenger 7 8d 5h Kennedy Earth Radiation Budget Satellite launch; First flight of two women in space Ride and Sullivan; First spacewalk by US woman, Kathryn Sullivan; First Canadian in space Marc Garneau
14 November 8 1984 STS-51-A Discovery 5 7d 23h Kennedy Multiple comsat launches, retrieval of two other comsats Palapa B2 and Westar VI which were subsequently refurbished on Earth and reflown
15 January 24 1985 STS-51-C Discovery 5 3d 1h Kennedy First classified Department of Defense (DoD) mission; Magnum satellite launch
16 April 12 1985 STS-51-D Discovery 7 6d 23h Kennedy Multiple comsat launches, first flight of a sitting politician in space, Jake Garn, first impromptu EVA of program to fix Syncom F3 (Leasat 3)
17 April 29 1985 STS-51-B Challenger 7 7d 0h Edwards Spacelab mission
18 June 17 1985 STS-51-G Discovery 7 7d 1h Edwards Multiple comsat launches
19 July 29 1985 STS-51-F Challenger 7 7d 22h Edwards Spacelab mission
20 August 27 1985 STS-51-I Discovery 5 7d 2h Edwards Multiple comsat launches, rescue of Syncom F3 (Leasat-3) by Astronauts
21 October 3 1985 STS-51-J Atlantis 5 4d 1h Edwards Second classified DoD mission; DSCS satellite launch; first flight of Atlantis
22 October 30 1985 STS-61-A Challenger 8 7d 0h Edwards Spacelab mission, last successful mission of Challenger
23 November 26 1985 STS-61-B Atlantis 7 6d 21h Edwards Multiple comsat launches, EASE/ACCESS experiment
24 January 12 1986 STS-61-C Columbia 7 6d 2h Edwards Comsat launch, flight of US Congressman Bill Nelson
25 January 28 1986 STS-51-L Challenger 7 73sec N/A Planned TDRS launch, Loss of vehicle and crew, Teacher in Space Flight
26 September 29 1988 STS-26 Discovery 5 4d 1h Edwards TDRS launch; first post Challenger flight
— November 15 1988 1K1 Buran 1.01 0 0d 3h 25m Baikonur Russian unmanned test flight
27 December 2 1988 STS-27 Atlantis 5 4d 9h Edwards Third classified DoD mission; Lacrosse 1 launch
28 March 13 1989 STS-29 Discovery 5 4d 23h Edwards TDRS-D/IUS, IMAX, SHARE I space station radiator experiment.
29 May 4 1989 STS-30 Atlantis 5 4d 0h Edwards Magellan Venus probe launch
30 August 8 1989 STS-28 Columbia 5 5d 1h Edwards Fourth classified DoD mission; Satellite Data System launch
31 October 18 1989 STS-34 Atlantis 5 4d 23h Edwards Galileo Jupiter probe launch, IMAX
32 November 22 1989 STS-33 Discovery 5 5d 0h Edwards Fifth classified DoD mission; Magnum/IUS
33 January 9 1990 STS-32 Columbia 5 10d 21h Edwards SYNCOM IV-F5 satellite launch, LDEF retrieval, IMAX
34 February 28 1990 STS-36 Atlantis 5 4d 10h Edwards Sixth classified DoD mission; Misty reconnaissance satellite launch
35 April 24 1990 STS-31 Discovery 5 5d 1h Edwards Hubble Space Telescope launch
36 October 6 1990 STS-41 Discovery 5 4d 2h Edwards Ulysses/IUS solar probe launch
37 November 15 1990 STS-38 Atlantis 5 4d 21h Kennedy Seventh classified DoD mission. Likely SDS2-2 deployed.
38 December 2 1990 STS-35 Columbia 7 8d 23h Edwards Use of ASTRO-1 observatory
39 April 5 1991 STS-37 Atlantis 5 5d 23h Edwards Compton Gamma Ray Observatory launch
40 April 28 1991 STS-39 Discovery 7 8d 7h Kennedy First unclassified DoD mission; military science experiments
41 June 5 1991 STS-40 Columbia 7 9d 2h Edwards Spacelab mission
42 August 2 1991 STS-43 Atlantis 5 8d 21h Kennedy TDRS launch
43 September 12 1991 STS-48 Discovery 5 5d 8h Edwards Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite launch
44 November 24 1991 STS-44 Atlantis 6 6d 22h Edwards DSP satellite launch
45 January 22 1992 STS-42 Discovery 7 8d 1h Edwards Spacelab mission
46 March 24 1992 STS-45 Atlantis 7 8d 22h Kennedy ATLAS-1 science platform
47 May 7 1992 STS-49 Endeavour 7 8d 21h Edwards Intelsat VI repair; first flight of Endeavour First 3 person EVA. ASEM space station truss experiment EVA, record four EVAs total for mission.
48 June 25 1992 STS-50 Columbia 7 13d 19h Kennedy Spacelab mission
49 July 31 1992 STS-46 Atlantis 7 7d 23h Kennedy EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier) and the joint NASA/Italian Space Agency Tethered Satellite System (TSS)
50 September 12 1992 STS-47 Endeavour 7 7d 22h Kennedy Spacelab mission SL-J(Japan).
51 October 22 1992 STS-52 Columbia 6 9d 20h Kennedy LAGEOS II, microgravity experiments
52 December 2 1992 STS-53 Discovery 5 7d 7h Edwards Partially classified 10th and final DoD mission. Likely deployment of SDS2 satellite.
53 January 13 1993 STS-54 Endeavour 5 5d 23h Kennedy TDRS-F/IUS launch
54 April 8 1993 STS-56 Discovery 5 9d 6h Kennedy ATLAS-2 science platform
55 April 26 1993 STS-55 Columbia 7 9d 23h Edwards Spacelab mission
56 June 21 1993 STS-57 Endeavour 6 9d 23h Kennedy SPACEHAB, EURECA
57 September 12 1993 STS-51 Discovery 5 9d 20h Kennedy ACTS satellite launched, SPAS-Orfeus with IMAX camera.
58 October 18 1993 STS-58 Columbia 7 14d 0h Edwards Spacelab mission
59 December 2 1993 STS-61 Endeavour 7 10d 19h Kennedy Hubble Space Telescope servicing
60 February 3 1994 STS-60 Discovery 6 7d 6h Kennedy SPACEHAB, Wake Shield Facility
61 March 4 1994 STS-62 Columbia 5 13d 23h Kennedy Microgravity experiments
62 April 9 1994 STS-59 Endeavour 6 11d 5h Edwards Shuttle Radar Laboratory-1
63 July 8 1994 STS-65 Columbia 7 14d 17h Kennedy Spacelab mission
64 September 9 1994 STS-64 Discovery 6 10d 22h Edwards Multiple science experiments; SPARTAN
65 September 30 1994 STS-68 Endeavour 6 11d 5h Edwards Space Radar Laboratory-2
66 November 3 1994 STS-66 Atlantis 6 10d 22h Edwards ATLAS-3 science platform
67 February 3 1995 STS-63 Discovery 6 8d 6h Kennedy Mir rendezvous, Spacehab, IMAX
68 March 2 1995 STS-67 Endeavour 7 16d 15h Edwards ASTRO-2
69 June 27 1995 STS-71 Atlantis 7/8 9d 19h Kennedy First Shuttle-Mir docking
70 July 13 1995 STS-70 Discovery 5 8d 22h Kennedy TDRS-G/IUS launch
71 September 7 1995 STS-69 Endeavour 5 10d 20h Kennedy Wake Shield Facility, SPARTAN
72 October 20 1995 STS-73 Columbia 7 15d 21h Kennedy Spacelab mission
73 November 12 1995 STS-74 Atlantis 5 8d 4h Kennedy 2nd Shuttle-Mir docking. Delivered docking module. IMAX cargo bay camera.
74 January 11 1996 STS-72 Endeavour 6 8d 22h Kennedy Retrieved Japan's Space Flyer Unit, 2 EVAs.
75 February 22 1996 STS-75 Columbia 7 15d 17h Kennedy Tethered satellite reflight, lost due to broken tether.
76 March 22 1996 STS-76 Atlantis 6/5 9d 5h Edwards Shuttle-Mir docking
77 May 19 1996 STS-77 Endeavour 6 10d 0h Kennedy SPACEHAB; SPARTAN
78 June 20 1996 STS-78 Columbia 7 16d 21h Kennedy Spacelab mission
79 September 16 1996 STS-79 Atlantis 6/6 10d 3h Kennedy Shuttle-Mir docking
80 November 19 1996 STS-80 Columbia 5 17d 15h Kennedy Wake Shield Facility; ASTRO-SPAS
81 January 12 1997 STS-81 Atlantis 6/6 10d 4h Kennedy Shuttle-Mir docking
82 February 11 1997 STS-82 Discovery 7 9d 23h Kennedy Hubble Space Telescope servicing
83 April 4 1997 STS-83 Columbia 7 3d 23h Kennedy Truncated due to fuel cell problem
84 May 15 1997 STS-84 Atlantis 7/7 9d 5h Kennedy Shuttle-Mir docking
85 July 1 1997 STS-94 Columbia 7 15d 16h Kennedy Spacelab mission
86 August 7 1997 STS-85 Discovery 6 11d 20h Kennedy CRISTA-SPAS
87 September 25 1997 STS-86 Atlantis 7/7 10d 19h Kennedy Shuttle-Mir docking
88 November 19 1997 STS-87 Columbia 6 15d 16h Kennedy Microgravity experiments, 2 EVAs, SPARTAN
89 January 22 1998 STS-89 Endeavour 7/7 8d 19h Kennedy Shuttle-Mir docking
90 April 17 1998 STS-90 Columbia 7 15d 21h Kennedy Spacelab mission
91 June 2 1998 STS-91 Discovery 6/7 9d 19h Kennedy Last Shuttle-Mir docking
92 October 29 1998 STS-95 Discovery 7 8d 21h Kennedy SPACEHAB; John Glenn flies again
93 December 4 1998 STS-88 Endeavour 6 11d 19h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 2A: Node 1. First Shuttle ISS assembly flight
94 May 27 1999 STS-96 Discovery 7 9d 19h Kennedy ISS supply
95 July 23 1999 STS-93 Columbia 5 4d 22h Kennedy Chandra X-ray Observatory launch
96 December 19 1999 STS-103 Discovery 7 7d 23h Kennedy Hubble Space Telescope servicing
97 February 11 2000 STS-99 Endeavour 6 11d 5h Kennedy Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
98 May 19 2000 STS-101 Atlantis 7 9d 21h Kennedy ISS supply
99 September 8 2000 STS-106 Atlantis 7 11d 19h Kennedy ISS supply
100 October 11 2000 STS-92 Discovery 7 12d 21h Edwards ISS assembly flight 3A: Z1 truss
101 November 30 2000 STS-97 Endeavour 5 10d 19h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 4A: P6 solar arrays, radiators
102 February 7 2001 STS-98 Atlantis 5 12d 21h Edwards ISS assembly flight 5A: Destiny lab
103 March 8 2001 STS-102 Discovery 7/7 12d 19h Kennedy ISS supply, crew rotation
104 April 19 2001 STS-100 Endeavour 7 11d 21h Edwards ISS assembly flight 6A: robotic arm; First spacewalk by a Canadian Chris Hadfield
105 July 12 2001 STS-104 Atlantis 5 12d 18h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 7A: Quest Joint Airlock
106 August 10 2001 STS-105 Discovery 7/7 11d 21h Kennedy ISS supply, crew rotation
107 December 5 2001 STS-108 Endeavour 7/7 11d 19h Kennedy ISS supply, crew rotation
108 March 1 2002 STS-109 Columbia 7 10d 22h Kennedy Hubble Space Telescope servicing, last successful mission for Columbia before STS-107
109 April 8 2002 STS-110 Atlantis 7 10d 19h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 8A: S0 truss
110 June 5 2002 STS-111 Endeavour 7/7 13d 20h Edwards ISS supply, crew rotation, Mobile Base System
111 October 7 2002 STS-112 Atlantis 6 10d 19h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 9A: S1 truss
112 November 23 2002 STS-113 Endeavour 7/7 13d 18h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 11A: P1 truss, crew rotation, last successful mission before STS-107
113 January 16 2003 STS-107 Columbia 7 15d 22h N/A (Ken.) SPACEHAB; Loss of vehicle and crew before landing at KSC
114 July 26 2005 STS-114 Discovery 7 13d 21h Edwards First post Columbia flight. Flight safety evaluation/testing, ISS supply/repair, MPLM Raffaello
115 July 4 2006 STS-121 Discovery 7/6 12d 18h Kennedy ISS Flight ULF1.1: Supply, crew rotation, MPLM Leonardo
116 September 9 2006 STS-115 Atlantis 6 11d 19h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 12A: P3/P4 Truss, Solar Arrays
117 December 9 2006 STS-116 Discovery 7/7 12d 21h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 12A.1: P5 Truss & Spacehab-SM, crew rotation
118 June 8 2007 STS-117 Atlantis 7/7 13d 20h Edwards ISS assembly flight 13A: S3/S4 Truss, Solar Arrays, crew rotation
119 August 8 2007 STS-118 Endeavour 7 12d 18h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 13A.1: S5 Truss & Spacehab-SM & ESP3. First use of SSPTS (Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System)
120 October 23 2007 STS-120 Discovery 7/7 15d 2h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 10A: US Harmony module, crew rotation
121 February 7 2008 STS-122 Atlantis 7/7 12d 18h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 1E: European Laboratory Columbus, crew rotation
122 March 11 2008 STS-123 Endeavour 7/7 15d 18h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 1J/A: JEM ELM PS & SPDM, crew rotation
123 May 31 2008 STS-124 Discovery 7/7 13d 18h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 1J: JEM - Japanese module Kibo & JEM RMS
124 November 14 2008 STS-126 Endeavour 7/7 15d 20h Edwards ISS assembly flight ULF2: MPLM Leonardo, crew rotation
125 March 15 2009 STS-119 Discovery 7/7 12d 19h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 15A: S6 Truss, Solar Arrays
126 May 11 2009 STS-125 Atlantis 7 12d 21h Edwards Last Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission (HST SM-04). Final Non-ISS flight.
127 July 15 2009 STS-127 Endeavour 7/7 15d 16h Kennedy ISS assembly flight 2J/A: JEM Exposed Facility (EF) & JEM ELM ES.
128 August 28 2009 STS-128 Discovery 7/7 13d 21h Edwards ISS assembly flight 17A: MPLM Leonardo & 6 person ISS crew.
129 November 16 2009 STS-129 Atlantis 6/7 10d 19h Kennedy ISS assembly flight ULF3: ExPRESS Logistics Carriers (ELCs) 1 & 2.
130 February 8 2010 STS-130 Endeavour 6 ~14d ISS assembly flight 20A: Node 3 and Cupola.
Planned missions[11][12]
131 March 18 2010 STS-131 Discovery 7 ~11d ISS assembly flight Utility and Logistics Flight 4: Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo.
132 May 14 2010 STS-132 Atlantis 6 ~11d ISS assembly flight 19A: Mini-Research Module 1. Final planned flight of Atlantis.
133 July 29 2010 STS-134 Endeavour 6 ~12d ISS assembly flight ULF6, ELC 4, ROEU, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. Final planned flight of Endeavour.
134 September 16 2010 STS-133 Discovery 6 ~10d ISS assembly flight ULF5, MPLM Leonardo, (to be left pemanently attached), ELC 3. Final flight of Discovery. Last planned Space Shuttle mission.

Potential and unflown rescue missions

Day Year Mission Shuttle Crew Duration Notes
Special missions[13]
Never flew 2005-6 STS-300 Atlantis 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for missions 114/121 of the orbiter
Discovery, if it were damaged or stranded in space.
Never flew 2006 STS-301 Discovery 4/10 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-115 Atlantis
Never flew 2007 STS-317 Atlantis 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-116 Discovery
Never flew 2007 STS-318 Endeavour 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-117 Atlantis
Never flew 2007 STS-322 Discovery 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-118 Endeavour
Never flew 2007 STS-320 Atlantis 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-120 Discovery
Never flew 2008 STS-323 Discovery ¹ 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-122 Atlantis
Never flew 2008 STS-324 Discovery 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-123 Endeavour
Never flew 2008 STS-326 Endeavour 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-124 Discovery
Never flew 2008 STS-119 Discovery 4/11 ~14d Rescue mission for STS-126 Endeavour
Never flew 2009 STS-400 Endeavour 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-125 Atlantis
2010 STS-133 Discovery 4/11 ~11d Rescue mission for STS-134 Endeavour
2010 STS-335 Atlantis 4/11 10d Rescue mission for STS-133 Discovery
¹ Originally scheduled to be Endeavour, changed to Discovery due to contamination issues.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ NASA (2008). "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/archives/2005.html. Retrieved November 25, 2008. 
  2. ^ a b Encyclopedia Astronautica (2008). "Buran". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/craft/buran.htm. Retrieved November 25, 2008. 
  3. ^ a b c d e Jenkins, Dennis R. (2007). Space Shuttle: The History of the National Space Transportation System. Voyageur Press. pp. 524 pages. ISBN 0963397451. 
  4. ^ "Robert L. Crippen", NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project, 26 May 2006.
  5. ^ "Terry J. Hart", NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project, 10 April 2003.
  6. ^ "Paul J. Weitz", NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project, 26 March 2000.
  7. ^ "James D. A. van Hoften", NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project, 5 December 2007.
  8. ^ NASA (2005). "Contingency Shuttle Crew Support (CSCS)/Rescue Flight Resource Book" (pdf). NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/153444main_CSCS_Resource_%20Book.pdf. Retrieved November 25, 2008. 
  9. ^ NASA (2005). "Flight Readiness Review BriefingTranscript" (pdf). NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/150494main_frr_brief_20060617.pdf. Retrieved November 25, 2008. 
  10. ^ The Approach and Landing Test Programme encompassed 16 separate tests of Enterprise, covering taxi tests, unmanned and manned flights on the SCA and finally the free flight tests.
  11. ^ NASA HQ Press Release (2008). "NASA Sets Launch Dates for Remaining Space Shuttle Missions". SpaceRef.com. http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=25890. Retrieved 2008-07-07. 
  12. ^ NASA (2008). "Consolidated Launch Manifest". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/iss_manifest.html. Retrieved February 26, 2009. 
  13. ^ Bergin, Chris (2007). "NASA sets new launch date targets through to STS-124". CSCS flight numbers. NasaSpaceflight.com. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content/?cid=5076. Retrieved 2007-11-07. 
  14. ^ NASA Spaceflight.com - Weather watch in STS-122 count - Endeavour removed from LON

External links

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